Post on 06-Jan-2016
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On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II Regulatory Update
Mobile Source Control DivisionCalifornia Air Resources Board
April 25, 2002Sacramento, California
OBD II Background
• Adopted in 1989
• On every 1996 and newer vehicle.
• Monitors virtually every emission related component
• Illuminates warning light and stores fault info for repair technicians
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Status of OBD II
• On 100 million vehicles in the U.S. • Over 3 trillion miles covered• Feedback indicates program is working
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Percentage of Cars With High Mileage
44%
27%
17%
60%
50%
41%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
>100k >125k >150kOdometer miles
%
19952001
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
LEV II and OBD II Programs
•LEV II program targets near zero fleet emissions for useful life (120k miles)
•Certification and In-Use Compliance programs verify useful life standards
•OBD II program targets high mileage vehicles beyond useful life
Reasons for Proposed Changes
• Keep pace with technology • Areas for improvement• Proper OBD II performance is critical for I/M• Stronger enforcement needed
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Outline
• Technical requirements/revisions• Revisions affecting I/M and repair
technicians• Malfunction thresholds• Enforcement strengthening
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
NOx Catalyst Monitoring
• Currently, only HC conversion efficiency monitored
• LEV II program requires 75% NOx reduction from LEV I program
• NOx conversion efficiency now needs to be monitored
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
NOx Catalyst MonitoringProposal
• Phase-in for LEV II vehicles• 2007 and subsequent model years
• 1.75 x HC or NOx standard (2.5x for SULEVs)• 2005 and 2006 model years
• 3.5 x NOx standard• Will refine existing catalyst monitoring
approach
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
“Cold Start Strategy” and Secondary Air System Monitoring
• Most emissions occur at cold start• Many emission control components and strategies
affect catalyst warm-up• Propose monitoring during warm-up • 2006-2008 phase-in
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Additional Technical Revisions
• Diesel catalyst and particulate matter (PM) trap monitoring
• Misfire monitoring• Variable valve timing (VVT) • Most changes required for 2005 and newer
vehicles.
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Outline
• Technical requirements/revisions• Revisions affecting I/M and repair
technicians• Malfunction thresholds• Enforcement strengthening
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Standardization changes
• OBD II standardization requirements• Scan tool communication, connector, fault
codes, etc.• Necessary in I/M• Help technicians make effective repairs
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Changes to help I/M programs
• EPA requires OBD II system in state I/M programs
• Improvements include:• Electronic VIN
• Readiness status
• Connector location
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Communication Protocol
• Scan tools talk to vehicles via standardized protocols
• Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol• allowed in 2003 and required in 2008
• More data at faster rates
• Phase-out of current protocols
• Heavy-duty/medium duty communication protocol (J1939)
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Verification of Standardized Requirements
• Testing of production vehicles• Verify compliance with standardized features
necessary for I/M testing• Required for 2005 and newer vehicles
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Outline
• Technical requirements/revisions• Revisions affecting I/M and repair
technicians• Malfunction thresholds• Enforcement strengthening
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Monitoring Thresholds
• Major OBD II monitors calibrated to 1.5 x standard
• Industry wants higher levels for LEV II program vehicles
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Monitoring Thresholds (cont.)
• LEV II/ULEV II standards do not necessitate less stringent thresholds
• Proposed thresholds necessary to achieve LEV II emission benefits
• Production vehicles already meet requirements
• Flexibility to revise thresholds if necessary
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
SULEV Monitoring Thresholds
• Proposed SULEV threshold of 2.5 x standard
• Accounts for current emission measurement technology
• Allows same levels of individual component deterioration as ULEV I
• Three manufacturers selling SULEVs meeting these thresholds
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
NMOG Threshold
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
2.5
8.3
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0T
hre
sho
ld x
Sta
nd
ard
ULEV I ULEV II SULEV
Emission Standard
Standard
Staff Proposed Threshold
Industry Threshold
NOx Threshold
1.5 1.5 1.5
6.4
2.5
22.5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0T
hre
sho
ld x
Sta
nd
ard
ULEV I ULEV II SULEV
Emission Standard
Emission Standard
Staff Proposed Threshold
Industry Threshold
Cost Effectiveness of Thresholds
• Proposed thresholds are cost-effective:• ~ $5 per pound for 120k-230k miles
• Includes costs to consumers and the emission benefit
• Industry’s proposed thresholds:• $4.75 to $6.50 per pound
• nearly 9 tons per day fewer emission reductions
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Outline
• Technical requirements/revisions• Revisions affecting I/M and repair
technicians• Malfunction thresholds• Enforcement strengthening
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
OBD II-Specific Enforcement
• Enforcement testing since 1994 model year• Enforced under OBD II and tailpipe procedures• Existing procedures not adequate
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
OBD II Compliance and Enforcement Three Major Improvements
• Increase in required testing• Standardized method for measuring in-use
performance• OBD II-specific enforcement procedures
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Production Vehicle Evaluation-Monitoring Requirements
•Identify defects early
•Every diagnostic tested
•Testing early in production
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Production Vehicle Evaluation-Standardization Requirements
•Ensure vehicles properly communicate OBD II information
•Development of “Gold Standard” test equipment
Monitoring Frequency
• Standardize method to measure frequency• Software tracks how often monitoring occurs• Minimum frequency equates to detection within
two weeks
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Enforcement Regulation
• Section 1968.5 is OBD II specific enforcement procedures
• Detailed enforcement procedures to be followed by staff
• Addresses shortcomings of using tailpipe procedures
• Applies to 2004 and subsequent model years
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Enforcement Procedures/Criteria
• Establishes specific testing procedures• Defines sampling and testing procedures• Defines criteria for determining compliance • Eliminates provision to offset OBD II non-compliance
with “over-compliance” on tailpipe emissions
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Enforcement -Remedial Action
• Criteria to determine appropriate remedial action
• Remedial action varies from nothing up to recall and fines
• Mandatory recall if a major monitor is non-functional
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
• LEV II program fleet has near zero emissions.
• Fleet must be maintained at near zero emissions for entire life
• Proposed changes are feasible and necessary
• Proposed enforcement regulation necessary for an effective OBD II program
Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency
Summary