Post on 13-Mar-2018
Ocean Data and Information System
E. Pattabhi Rama RaoScientist ‘E’ & Head
Data and information Management GroupESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
Hyderabad
Presentation Outline
About INCOIS
Ocean Observing System by India
Ocean Data and Information System
Data Assimilation and Ocean Modeling
Remote Sensing Satellites
Oceansat-1Ocean Colour Monitor
Oceansat-2Ocean Colour Monitor, Scatterometer
Foreign Satellites
In-situ Observations
• Argo Profiling Floats
• Data Buoys
• Current Meter Arrays
• XBT / XCTD
• Gliders
• Tide gauges
• BPRs
Satellite Oceanography
National Infrastructure Network
Potential Fishing Zone Advisory ServicesOcean State Forecast ServicesEarly Warning for Tsunami and Storm SurgesOcean ModellingOcean Data and Information System & Web-based ServicesCoastal Geospatial ApplicationsValue-added Services
Fishing Community
Ports and Harbours
Off-shore and Shipping
IMD, Navy, NHO
Coast Guards
Coastal States
Research Institutions
Academia
Ocean Observation, Information & Advisory Services
National Oceanographic Data Centre
Ocean Observing Network
Ocean Observing System
A Typical Case of Temperature Observations
Sydney Levitus et.al, 2000
• For over 100 years, sparse
measurements of the physical
state of the ocean (temperature,
salinity, velocity) have been
made by research vessels
lowering instruments over the
side.
• The World Ocean Circulation
Experiment (WOCE) sampled
the globe with 20000
hydrographic casts, obtaining
unprecedented new information
on the role of the ocean in the
climate system.
• WOCE took 7 years (1991-97).
The old way of
observing the ocean:
Ocean Observing Systems – In-situ
Argo Floats Moored Buoys Drifting Buoys
TideGauges
XBT Current MeterArrays
Research Vessels
NIO/INCOISNIOTINCOIS NIO/INCOIS NIO/INCOIS NCAOR/CMLRE
SOI/NIOT
Tsunami Buoy
SATELLITE
NIOT/INCOIS
BPR
Acoustic
Transducers
Antenna
Tsunami Buoy
SATELLITE
NIOT/INCOIS
BPR
Acoustic
Transducers
Antenna
Deep Ocean Tsunami Buoys
Coastal Radars
BhujBhopal
Bokaro
Chennai
DehradunSamla
Dharamshala
DELHI
HYDERABAD
Goa
Pune
Shillong
Thiruvananthapuram Minicoy
Vishakapattinam
Diglipur
Seismic Network
NIOT NIOT IMD
Gliders
INCOIS
Wave Rider Buoys
Ship-based AWSWave Height Meter
INCOIS
Argo Floats in the Indian Ocean
• Total 758 active as on today
• 11 participating countries: Australia, India, China, Japan, France, Germany, UK, USA etc.
• India’s Contribution to the Argo program is 325 floats
• All floats deployed in Indian Ocean – 2014
• Total number of profiles obtained so far from Argo program in Indian Ocean ~ 2,50,000.
National Data Buoy Programme(12 buoys - 1997-2001)
Buoy Technology Acquired
Discus Buoy
Sensors
•Air Temperature
•Air Pressure
•Wind Speed
•Wind Direction
•Wave Height
•Wave Direction
•Surface Currents
•Water Temp.
•Conductivity
Characteristics
•Weight : 924 kg
•Diameter : 2.8 m
•Max height : 6.75 mSensors
• Air Temperature• Air Pressure• Wind Direction• Wind Speed• Wave Height• Wave Direction• Current Speed• Current Direction• Water Temperature• Conductivity• Oxygen• Chlorophyll
Characteristics
• Weight : 450 kg• Height : 7.5 m• Diameter : 1.76 m
Spar Buoy
Ocean
Met
Subsurface
Wave
OMNI BUOY
• MET
Air humidity,
Pressure
Temperature
Wind Speed, Gust & Direction
Irradiation
Rainfall
• OCEAN
Sub surface Temperature, Salinity & Current profiles
• WAVE
OMNI Buoy – New generation buoy with surface and subsurface measurements
MET OCEAN BUOY OMNI BUOY TSUNAMI BUOY
Types of buoy Systems Handled
Present Buoy Network
OMNI Buoy Configuration
Temperature Profile
Current Profile
The data are transmitted to INCOIS in real time
Ships
MoES, CSIR, GSI, FSI, NHO,SCI, ONGC
Automatic Weather Stations onboard Research Vessels
AWS onboard ORV Sagar Nidhi
Objectives
• Validation Ocean forecast models in delayedmode and real time.
• Data assimilation in high resolutionatmospheric forecast models
• Validation of satellite data.
• High Resolution coastal wind Atlas
• Real-time vessel tracking
Parameters Measured
Wind vector, Air temperature , Sea SurfaceTemperature, Relative humidity, Rainfall,Longwave Radiation, Shortwave Radiation
XBT / XCTD Observations
Objectives• Long Term Monitoring of Upper Ocean Thermal Fields in the Seas around India by
o Deployment of XBT/XCTD probes along a few selected shipping lanes in the northern Indian ocean at regular time intervals
o Collection of information on marine meteorological parameters and surface salinity samples
Ships of Opportunity• Passenger Ships• Merchant Ships
Drifting Buoys
About 250 Drifting Buoys were deployed by India during 1991-2012
Objectives
• To collect surface meteorological (atmosphericpressure and winds) and oceanographic (SST,surface velocities, and sub-surface temperature)data using the satellite tracked drifting buoys.
• To provide near-real time data (SST, sea levelpressure and surface winds on GTS) for operationalweather analysis and prediction
• To develop monthly mean mixed-layer velocities inthe Indian Ocean on 1° x 1° resolution.
• Provide data sets as ‘seatruths’ for validation ofremotely sensed ocean surface parameters
• To build an Indian Ocean drifter data archival.
Objectives
• To understand the dynamics and the long-term variability ofocean currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean.
• To study the deep-sea circulation in the equatorial IndianOcean
• To study the upper ocean variability in the thermohalinestructures, currents (VM-ADCP and LADCP), nutrients,chlorophyll and Primary Production in the equatorial IndianOcean and the Bay of Bengal.
Long-term Measurements of Currents in the Equatorial Indian Ocean through Current Meter Moorings along the Equator
18°N and 89.5°E
• Phase-I (Nov 2009-Nov 2010- Successfully retrieved)
• Phase-II (Deployed in Sep 2011-Could not retrieve the buoy due to vandalism/mooring failure)
• Phase-III (Deployed in 1st Jan, 2013-Retreived in Nov 2013)
• Phase –IV (Deployed in 20 Nov, 2013, expect to retrieve in Nov 2014)
Phase-IV specifications:Sensors:
– 2 Doppler volume current meters (5 m & 30 m) – 8 temperature, conductivity and pressure recorders.
1 SSS (1m), 7 MicroCATs (1, 4, 7, 15, 25, 50 m and 100m), Chl and Oxygen at 3 m
– The buoy is also fitted with a ARGOS beacon to track the buoy position in case it drifts away from the watch circle(~3 Km radius)
Sampling time:– 10 minute for each sensor
Bay of Bengal Observatory
•The primary objective of this mooring is to understand the complex
near surface thermohaline structure in the northern Bay of Bengal.
ADCP Locations
Objective:
To understand the seasonal, intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability.
19 Moorings10 Deep water9 Shallow water
Wave Rider buoys
5 sets of CODAR are installed at
o Gujarat
o Tamilnadu
o Andhra Pradesh
o Orissa
o Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Real time data being received at INCOIS &
NIOT
Enables measurement of Currents to about
200 Kms from the Coast
Transmit
Antenna Receive
Antenna
Coastal HF Radar Network
Network of 26 Tide gauges
Installed and operational along
the Indian Coast
1 minute averages transmitted
every 5 minutes
Data come to INCOIS through
VSAT, GSM and INSAT from the
Tide Gauges
Real time data from 70
International tide gauges in
Indian Ocean being received at
INCOIS
Tide Gauge Network
Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting System for Detection of Tsunamis
Network of 12 Bottom
Pressure Recorders
6 BPRs are deployed in
Bay of Bengal & in
Arabian Sea
15 minute in normal
mode & 15 sec
averages in tsunami mode
Real time data is being
received at INCOIS and NIOT
(NIOT/INCOIS)STB01
TB05
TB06
TB09
TB12
STB02
Ocean Research Vessels
ORV Sagarkanya – NCAOR
Sagar Nidhi – NIOT
Sagar Manjusha – NIOT
Sagar Purvi - NIOT
Sagar Paschami – NIOT
FORV Sagar Sampada – CMLRE
Green – Argo, Red line – XBT, Blue – Drifters, red square – RAMA, Yellow- CODAR, green oval- ADCP, Red oval – Moorings, white mark - TG
Ocean Observing System
Computational Facilities
24x7 Dedicated Data Centres with state of the art technologyequipment supported with 100% redundant DG, UPS, AC(Precision) and Chiller Water Plant facilities
High Performance Computing System (IBM P575 P6)- 7.2 TeraFlops, 512 CPUs
80 CPU Intel Itanium based SGI Altix Server
64 CPU (2 x 32 CPU) IBM P590 P5 based Server ConsolidationSystem
Database: Oracle 10g, DB2, PostGres, MySQL
Software: Web Application Server (Websphere), GIS (Arc IMS,SDE), Firewall (Checkpoint), etc.
Number of 2 CPU / 4 CPU / 6 CPU / 8 CPU High End Desktop,Workstations, Servers IBM, HP, SUN, SGI, Dell, Apple, etc)andLaptop Systems (IBM, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Toshiba, Sony, Acer,etc)
Internet: 2 x 20 Mbps Dedicated Leased Line InternetBandwidth from two different ISPs. 1 Gbps internetconnectivity under the National Knowledge Network isbeing established.
Networking: CISCO, RADWARE and 3-COM based Networking(Fibre & CAT7) with Link Proofs, Global Load Balancers,Check-Point Firewalls, IRONPORT Security, Antivirus s/w, etc.
High Performance Computer Facility
24x7 Dedicated Data Centres
Data Storage and Back-up Systems
Real-time data reception from the following OceanObserving Systems using INSAT 3A, INSAT 3C,INSAT 3E and INSAT 4A
Tsunami Buoy
Tide Gauge Network
Ship-based AWS
Wave Height Meter
Moored Buoys
Seismic Stations
Ground Station for reception and processing remotesensing data from NOAA Series, Aqua & Terra(MODIS), METOP Satellites
Oceansat-2 Ground Station Virtual Private Networkfor Disaster Management using EduSat
Communication Systems
Ocean Data and Information System
“Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible….”
Data’s shameful neglect
Nature Vol. 461, Issue No. 726110 September 2009
National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy (NDSAP)March-2012
Objectives
• Maximising the use
• Avoiding duplication
• Maximised integration
• Ownership information
• Better Decision Making
Sharing and Access
User friendly interface
Dynamic / pull down menu
Search based report
Secured web access
Bulletin Board
Complete Metadata
Parametric and Dynamic report in exportable format
Type of Access
Open Access
Registered Access
Restricted Access
Classification
Sharable
Non-sharable
“….. data collected with the deployment of public fundsshould be made more readily available to all, for enablingnational debate, better decision making and use in meetingcivil society needs.”
Role of INCOIS in Ocean Data Management
Central repository for the Oceanographic Data in the country
National Oceanographic Data Centre (IODE/IOC/UNESCO) – 2004 onwards
Argo Programme
National Argo Data Centre
Regional Argo Data Centre
Project Data Centre
Continental Tropical Convergence Project (CTCZ )
GEOTRACES-India Data Assembly Centre
Sustained Indian Ocean Biogeochemical and Ecological Research (SIBER)
Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) -Mirror Site (IODE/IOC)
OceanSITES - Data Assembly Centre
Contribution to various international programmes
IODE, ISPRS, OGC
NODC
~ 15 TB/Year
In-SituData
Data Sources and Estimated Data Flow
Remote Sensing
Data
OSF
SODA
NCEP
JEDAC
CMAP
Model Outputs, Reanalysis
Data, Climatology,Atlas
Topographic MapsNellore-Machipatnam
1:25,000 Scale
CRZ MapsLand Use (1:25,000),
Aqua Culture and Wet lands (1:50,000)
CRZ Land Use Maps Gujarat Coast
(1:25,000 Scale)
Bathymetry/Topography
Real-time CDs Web Hard Copy
Argo Floats
XBT / XCTD
Current Meter Arrays
Tide Gauges
BPR
Moored Buoys
Drifting Buoys
Coastal Radars
Seismic Network
TRMM
Quikscat
NOAA
MODIS Tera/Aqua
OCEANSAT-1 (OCM)
SeaWifs
Altimeter
OCEANSAT-2
Data Base Management
Database
Data Assembly
QC
Meta Database
Data Discovery
Data Transport
Data Visualisation
Web I
nte
rface
Data Services
Interoperability
Open design and standards
Easy access and discovery
Reliable, sustained and efficient
operations
Data Achieves
Ocean Data and Information System
Marine Data Centres
IndOOS
Ocean Observing System
Data Services
Satellite DataAcquisition and
Processing System
GTS
HistoricalData Sets
In-situRemoteSensing
IODE IOGOOSGlobal Change
Master Directory (GCMD/NASA)
Metadata
Oceansites
MetadataData from
other sources
Project/Experiment Specific Data
End-to-end System: Reception Processing Archival Dissemination
OGC
In-Situ Data Flow
Data Processing
ASCII Binary
Other FormatsLike excel sheet,
NetCDF etc.
Data Storage
Database
Triggered basedReal Time QC
Data Acquisition
VSAT
FTP
INSAT
Offline
Delayed Mode QC
Data Conversion
ASCII Binary
Other FormatsLike excel sheet,
NetCDF etc.
Data Dissemination
VSAT
FTP
Web
Offline
Data Backup
DatabaseFTP Server
Time Series Graphs
Data Availability
Charts and Statistics
ProfilesQuery Template
Fully automated system for data reception,
processing, quality control, database
loading and dissemination
Unique integrated in-situ database for
heterogeneous data received from variety
of platforms through various communication
channels
Data discovery, on-the-fly visualization and
data downloads in different formats
Developed using Open Source Software
Ocean Data and Information System (ODIS)
Data Holdings Platform Parameter Number of Platforms Years of Availability
Argo Profiling Floats T & S Profiles 1971 Floats (2,34,907 Profiles) 2002 – till date
Moored Buoy Met-Ocean 63 1997 – till date
Drifting Buoy Surface 300 1991 – till date
Ship-based Automatic Weather Station (AWS)
Met-Ocean 11 2009 – till date
XBT /XCTD Temperature Profile 4391 profiles 1990 - Jul 2014
Tide Gauge Sea Level 26 2010 – till date
HF Radar Surface Currents 10 2010 – till date
Wave Rider Buoy Wave Parameters 10 2007 – till date
CALVAL Optical Buoy Optical 1 2009 – till date
CTD T&S Profiles 1,50,000 Profiles 1976 onwards
Equatorial Current Meter Mooring Array
Current Vector 7 2000 – 2009
Coastal Ocean Monitoring & Prediction System (COMAPS)
Biological, Zoological, Chemical
88 stations 1987 – 2012
Radio Meter Bio – Optical -- 2008 onwards
Seatruth Data from MoESResearch Vessels
Surface marine meteorology
2 1997-2003
Coastal ADCP Currents 4 2008-2010
BPR Sea level 7 2007 – till date
CTCZ Meterological and Oceanographic
Varying 2007-2013
Argo Data and Products
Data availability:
Oct 2002 - till date
Active No. of Floats: 728
Total No. of Floats: 2014
Indian Floats: 168
T and S Profiles: ~ 2,00,000
Data formats:
ASCII Text, NetCDF, Plots (Jpeg)
Temperature, Salinity and GeostrophicCurrents (0, 75, 100, 200, 500, 100 M depths)
Heat Content up to 300 M Mixed Layer Depth, Isothermal Layer
Depth Depth of 20° and 26° Isotherms Dynamic Height Sea Surface Height Anomaly
Monthly Gridded Data Products
Water Plot of Temperature
Water Plot of Salinity Temp Vs Sal Plot Time Series Surface
Temperature Time Series Bottom
Pressure Time Series Surface
Salinity Time Series Surface
Pressure Float Trajectory
Float-wise Plots
HF Radar Data
Project Specific DataCTCZ Data Centre Geotraces-India Data Assembly Centre
Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System
New Data ProductsMonthly and Daily Data Products
(1979- Mar2014)• Specific humidity at 2m above the
sea surface• Air temperature at 2m above the
sea surface• Sea surface temperature• Wind speed at 10m above the sea
surface• Net shortwave radiation at the sea
surface• Net longwave radiation at the sea
surface• Latent heat flux• Sensible heat flux• Net surface heat flux• Wind stress magnitude
TropFlux is largely derived from a combination of
• ERA-I re-analysis data for turbulent and longwave fluxes,
• ISCCP surface radiation data for shortwave flux.
All input products are bias- and amplitude-corrected on the basis of
Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array data, before surface net heat flux
and wind stresses are computed using the COARE v3 bulk algorithm.
The TropFlux product has been developed by MOG-INCOIS
under a collaboration between the Laboratoire d’Océanographie:
Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) from
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, France and National Institute of
Oceanography/CSIR, India and distributed through Indian
National Centre for Ocean Information Services, India. Bilateral
scientific visits to France and India have been supported by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France.
Oceansat-2 Ground Station Data Reception and
Processing Systems
L/X Band Ground Station for NOAA,
METOP, Terra and Aqua SatellitesCoverage
Remote Sensing Data
Oceansat-2, NOAA-17 & 18, METOP, Terra and Aqua (MODIS)
In-situ Data (from NOAA 15, 17 and 18)
Argo Floats, Drifting Buoys in the Indian Ocean
Data products are published on INCOIS Web-site with in 5 to 45 minutes after each pass
Remote Sensing Data Reception, Processing & Dissemination
SSTFCC
AOD Chlorophyll-a KD-490 TSM
Remote Sensing Data products
INCOIS Live Access Server
• Highly configurable web server designed to provide flexible access to geo-referenced scientific data
• Allows the user to • download and visualize data with
on-the-fly graphics• request custom subsets of
variables in a choice of file formats
• access background reference material about the data (metadata)
• Compare variables from
distributed locations
Other Data Products Argo Data and Data Products for
the Indian Ocean
T-S Profiles (~1,76,890)
Period: 2002-2012
Gridded Data Products (plots)
ASCII & netCDF Formats
GUI for easy navigation, browsing, data extraction with user defined spatial and temporal domains
Software for viewing the NetCDF files DVD Version 1.0, Feb’2009 DVD Version 2.0 – Apr’2010
DVD Version 2.0 – Jan’2011 DVD Version 2.1 – May 2012
Released on May 10, 2012
MLD/SLD Climatology for the Indian Ocean based on Argo ObservationsThe release of Atlas is scheduled on 31 October, 2012
Development of Visual Quality Control Tools
• Developed Visual Quality Control Tools for Argo & Moored Buoy data
Moored Buoy Data
T&S Profiles (Argo Floats, XBT, XCTD, CTD)
Cruise Summary Report
• Online Cruise Summary Reportfacilitates the inventory of Cruisesmade by MoES Research Vessels.
• Portal allows users to submit CSR aswell as search and view reports.
Data Search and Rescue
Obtained CTD data from CMLRE (2431 Profiles) for the
period 2002-2007, processed, quality controlled and
generated database.
Obtained data from NCAOR (2002-2008) and the data
processing is under progress.
Development of Indian Ocean Hydrobase
CORIOLIS 97,802
NIOCD 39,047
SK Cruises 372
IOHB 13,300
CMLRE 2,431
NCOAR 51
IXBT 4,591
DMQC Argo 76,540
Total 2,34,134
Obtained surface meteorological data from NODPAC
collected by the Indian Navy. NODPAC agreed to provide
the TS profiles collected them in due course.
Data Archeology
Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS)
• OBIS publishes primary data on marine species locations online through www.iobis.org– It facilitates data discovery and exploration by
• Searching by species, time, location, depth, data set, physical/chemical parameters
• Mapping observed occurrences • Modelling of potential environmental range
– Integrates data over marine themes• Microbes to whales• Genetics and morphology• Poles to equator…
– Enables data capture for re-use• Actively works with data custodians
• 1056 datasets
• 32.30 million distribution records
• 247,000 names, 126,000 species
• Among the largest provider to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• Largest provider of marine primary biodiversity data
INCOIS has been identified by the IODE/IOC to host the mirror site of OBIS
ODIS Statistics(Online visitors)
LAS Statistics(8/1/2009 - 8/6/2014)
Hits
Total Hits 2,447,412
Visitor Hits 2,447,412
Average Hits per Day 1,335
Average Hits per Visitor 12.49
Page Views
Total Page Views 978,443
Average Page Views per Day 534
Average Page Views per
Visitor4.99
Visitors
Total Visitors 195,911
Average Visitors per Day 106
Total Unique IPs 26,605
Country Hits Visitors
% of Tot
al Visitor
s
1 United States 496,802 72,486 37.00
2 China 171,499 50,595 25.83
3 India 1,295,377 15,119 7.72
4 Japan 14,729 11,041 5.64
5 Spain 24,694 10,137 5.17
6Russian
Federation61,977 7,976 4.07
7 Canada 12,199 6,059 3.09
8 Germany 25,473 2,644 1.35
48 Israel 806 61 0.03
49 Ecuador 262 51 0.03
50 Philippines 343 46 0.02
Total 2,447,412 195,911 100.00
Digital Ocean
EoI is being finalised
Digital Ocean is a dynamic frame work of set of applications to efficiently integrate andmanage heterogeneous ocean data and to provide advanced visualization and analysistools that facilitate to improve the understanding of oceans in multi-disciplinary approach.
Objectives• Organize and present heterogeneous
oceanographic data by adopting rapidadvancements in Information andCommunication Technology
• Implement Data Warehouse and DataMining concepts for efficientmanagement of data
• Develop Metadata System• Provide platform for display and
visualization of disparate data in acommon way
• Provide advanced on-line visualizationand analysis tools to analyse the data inmulti-disciplinary approach. (3D and 4Drepresentation of Oceanographic Data -past, present and future)
• Implement E-Commerce for on-line datasale
• Implement analytical tools on data usage
Enhanced Visualization Tools for Scientific Analysis
Time series Graphs
Animations
Along the Ship tracks3D/4D Visualisation
Overlay in-situ data on
Remote-Sensing images for
comparison and validation
Cross Sections
Visualization of
multiple parameters
Data Utilization ProjectsProject: Interactive Three-dimensional Visualization of Large-scale ARGO Data
Institution: IIIT Bangalore
• Build a software application as a visualization tool, a la VAPOR [VAP], which will enable researchers at and end-users of INCOIS to make informed decisions.
• The tool should be able to handle large scale, streaming, multivariate, time-varying data from the ARGO program, should target a varied audience, should comply by OGC standards
• This tool will enable the scientists to visually analyze available ARGO data from INCOIS and derive interesting properties or regions of interest to corroborate a priori known information about the data and/or discover unknown features.
Project: Does Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) play a significant role in intensification of tropical cyclones? A comprehensive analysis for the North Indian Ocean
Institution: IIT Bhubaneswar
• To investigate whether TCHP plays any significant role in intensification of TCs in the NIO or not?.
User Interaction Workshops
• Ocean response to cyclones Nargis, Mala, Sidr in the thermal fields simulated by HYCOM
• Studying Oxygen minimum zone in the equatorial Indian Ocean
• Comparing dissolved oxygen concentration in the subsurface water of NIO
• Upwelling tendency of the isotherms on the surface layer along the Kerala coast
• Fixing of appropriate Algorithm to retrieve Sea Surface Temperature from NOAA-AVHRR in the North Indian Ocean.
• Role of SST, SSHA and TCHP for cyclone intensification- A case study on the Cyclones Phailin, Helen, Lehar & Madi.
Student Projects
• To promote the usage of data and bring aboutawareness among the student at the universities,INCOIS conducted , a special session on DataServices during the 3rd User Interaction meetingheld at INCOIS on May 03, 2013
Thank You
Ocean Information and Advisory Services