Objects At Heights

Working  Safely  to  Stop  Raining  Wrenches  on  Your  Co-­‐Workers  

Agenda

•  Introduc;on  •  Safety  at  Heights  Overview  •  Risk  Awareness    •  Costs  •  Controls  and  Best  Prac;ce    •  Summary  

SAFETY AT HEIGHTS OVERVIEW

Safety At Heights Hierarchy

Safety  at  Heights  

Workers  at  Heights  

Objects  at  Heights  

Fall    Protec8on    Solu8ons  

Other  PPE  Solu8ons  

Access  Solu8ons  

Dropped  Objects  Solu8ons  

Housekeeping    Solu8ons  

Equipment  Transport  Solu8ons  

Workers  at  Heights  

Fall    Protec8on    Solu8ons  

Other  PPE  Solu8ons  

Access  Solu8ons  

Connectors   Head    &  Eye  

Protec8on  Hand  

Protec8on   Temperature  Control  

LiFs  

Ladders  Rope  Access  

Passive  Systems  

Ac8ve  Systems:  ABC’s  

Objects  at  Heights  

Dropped  Objects  Solu8ons  

Housekeeping  Solu8ons  

Equipment  Transport  Solu8ons  

Passive  Systems  

Ac8ve  Systems:  3T’s   Tool  Org.  Cord  Org.   Gear  Org.  

Hois8ng  Carrying  

AWARENESS IS KEY

Risk Awareness

•  Defining  Dropped  Objects  –  Any  object/item  that  falls  from  its  previous  posi;on  –  Typically  considers  workers  {themselves}  as  separate  category  (fall  protec;on)  

–  Can  be  large  or  small:  •  Tools  •  PPE  •  Equipment  •  Structure  •  Other  loose  items  

DROPPED OBJECTS

Risk Awareness

•  Sta;c  Dropped  Objects  –  Any  object  that  falls  from  a  sta;onary  posi;on  under  its  own  weight  

 •  Dynamic  Dropped  Objects  

–  Any  object  that  falls  as    a  result  of  a  secondary  force  such  as  being    struck  by  another  object    or  involved  in  a  collision    

DROPPED OBJECTS

Risk Awareness

•  Dropped  Object  Causes  –  Elements:  

•  Environmental  (wind,  rain,  snow,  sea  mo;on)  •  Corrosion  or  other  deteriora;on    •  Vibra;on    •  Body  effects  (sweaty  or  numb  hands,  fa;gue)    

– Worker  or  Equipment  Generated:  •  Tripping  or  colliding  •  Poor  housekeeping  •  Not  following  procedures  •  Miscalcula;ons  and  poor  design  •  Missed  or  inadequate  inspec;ons  •  Homemade  tools  and  equipment  

DROPPED OBJECTS

Risk Awareness

•  Poor  housekeeping    –  Unorganized  //  unclean  workplace    

–  Unnecessary  movement  and  ;me  at  height  

–  Cords  laying  across  walkways,  plaYorms,  etc.  

–  Foreign  material  concerns  

HOUSEKEEPING

Risk Awareness

•  Improper  equipment  transport    –  Not  maintaining  3  points  of  contact    –  Overloading  a  climber  

•  Physical  toll  on  body  •  Exceeding  fall  protec;on  capacity  

–  Overflowing  containers  –  Using  improper  rated  containers  

EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTATION

Costs of Not Taking Action

1.  Injury  or  Fatality  

2.  Damage  

3.  Lost  Produc;vity  

Costs

•  Dropped  Objects  –  Struck  by  falling  object  (worker  or  bystander)  –  Falls  from  height  

•  Gut  reac;on  trying  to  catch  falling  object  •  Tool  pulling  worker  down  with  it  if  tethered  improperly    

•  Poor  housekeeping  and  transport  –  Slips,  trips  and  falls  (same  level  or  from  height)  –  Sprains  and  strains  –  Struck  by  falling  objects  

INJURY OR FATALITY

Costs

•  US:  In  2012,  there  were  509  fatali;es  from  being  struck  by  an  object  or  equipment.  (476  in  2011)  

•  241  of  these  fatali;es  were  caused  by  a  falling  object  (219  in  2011)  –  Represents  46%  of  all    “Struck  By”  fatali;es  (same  in  2011)  

–  Represents  just  over  5%  of  all  workplace  fatali;es  (5%  in  2011)  

INJURY OR FATALITY

*Source:  www.bls.gov  (2012  data)  

Costs

•  Average  cost  per  worker  for  a  medically  consulted  injury:  $39,000  

•  For  a  fatal  accident,  the  average  economic  cost  by  class  and  severity  is  approximately  $1.42  million  (per  fatality)  –  2012  fatali;es  =  241  x  $1.42  million  =  $342.2  Million!  –  Indirect  costs  not  included  –  No  dollar  amount  compares  to  a  worker  not  coming  home  to  their  family  

INJURY OR FATALITY

*Na;onal  Safety  Council  Injury  Facts  2012    

Costs

•  UK:  Health  &  Safety  Execu;ve    •  In  2012  &  2013,  there  were  7,456  

reported  struck  by  incidents  including  struck  by  flying/falling  objects  –  10  fatali;es  (21  in  2012)  –  2,075  non-­‐fatal  major  injuries  –  5,371  over  seven  day  injuries  

•  This  represents  13%  of  all  reported  accidents  

INJURY OR FATALITY

*hqp://www.hse.gov.uk/sta;s;cs/  (RIDDOR  Table  RIDKIND1  –  2012/13)  

Costs

•  Australia  –  In  2013,  there  were  24  fatali;es  from  being  struck  by  a  falling  object  

–  Represen;ng  13%  of  workplace  fatality  in  2013    

–  In  2013,  there  were  24  falls  from  height  in  AUS!  

INJURY OR FATALITY

*Source:  hqp://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/  (2013  Trauma;c  Injury  Fatali;es  Report)  

Costs

•  Dropped  objects  can  cause  damage  to…  –  The  Dropped  Item  Itself  –  An  Object  Below  –  The  Structure  Being  Worked  On  –  Equipment  From  Foreign  Objects  –  The  Environment  

DAMAGE

Costs

•  Lost  produc;vity  can  result  from…  – Work  stoppage  to  inves;gate  a  near  miss  –  Descending  back  down  to  retrieve    a  job  essen;al  tool  and  climbing  back  up    to  complete  task  

LOST PRODUCTIVITY

Who Is At Risk?

»  Utilities »  Telecommunications »  Construction »  Wind Energy

»  Oil & Gas »  Mining »  Electricians/Service Techs »  Transportation

AERIAL APPLICATIONS

Who Is At Risk?

»  Nuclear »  Manufacturing »  Food Processing »  Transportation (Aviation)

»  Underwater MRO »  Oil & Gas »  Mining »  Construction

NON-AERIAL APPLICATIONS

CONTROLS & BEST PRACTICE

O@H Hierarchy of Controls (HOC)

HOC Overview

O@H Hierarchy of Controls (HOC)

Hierarchy of Controls

•  O@H  Defini;on  –  Secondary  Protec;on  Solu;ons  –  Protects/covers  the  worker  or  deflects  an  object  auer  it  has  fallen  

•  Examples:  –  Hard  Hats,  Steel  Toe  Boots,  Eyewear,  Hand  Protec;on    

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT {PPE}

O@H Hierarchy of Controls (HOC)

Hierarchy of Controls

•  O@H  Defini;on  –  Changing  the  behavior  of  individuals    

•  Awareness  &  Communica;on  –  Signs,  S;ckers,  Barricade  Tape  –  Tool  Box  Talks  –  Training,  Training,  Training!  

•  Policies  &  Procedures  –  Checklists  (Pre,  During,  Post  Job)  –  “Red  Areas”  or  “Drop  Zones”  –  Hois;ng  vs  Carrying  Procedures  

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

O@H Hierarchy of Controls (HOC)

Hierarchy of Controls

•  O@H  Defini;on  –  Aims  to  prevent  the  object  from  falling  (keeps  them  from  happening)  

•  Two  types  –  Passive  Engineering  Controls  

•  Does  not  require  ac;ve  par;cipa;on  from  the  worker  

–  Ac;ve  Engineering  Controls  •  Requires  ac;ve  par;cipa;on  from  the  worker    

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Hierarchy of Controls

•  Passive  Engineering  Controls  –  Toe  Boards,  Nexng,  Guarding,  Barricading,  Secondary  Reten;on  

 

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Hierarchy of Controls

•  Ac;ve  Engineering  Controls  –  Connectors,  Lanyards,  Topped  Containers    

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

WHAT DO THE REGULATORS SAY?

Regulations

•  US:  OSHA  –  Scaffolds:  1926.451(h)  –  “falling  object  protec;on”  –  Fall  Protec;on:  1926.501(c)  –  "Protec;on  from  falling  objects"  

–  Steel  Erec;on:1926.759(a)  –  “Securing  loose  items  alou”  –  General  Duty  Clause    

•  CAN:  Canada  OH&S  Regula;ons  –  Na;onal  regula;on  men;ons  risk  in  3  specific  applica;ons  –  “Protect  Your  Head!”  ar;cle:  “Hard  hats  are  the  only  piece  of  equipment  that  can  protect  you  against  these  risks.”  –  NOT  TRUE!  

*USA Department of Labor – OSHA 1926: www.osha.gov *Govt of Canada: www.labour.gc.ca

Regulations

•  UK:  HSE  Work  at  Height  Regula;on  –  Falling  Objects  (10)  –  Every  employer  shall  take  steps  to  prevent  the  fall  of  any  material  or  object.  

 •  AUS:  Model  Workplace  Health  &  Safety  (WHS)    

–  Division  10  Falling  objects  •  Management  of  risk  of  falling  objects  •  Minimizing  risk  associated  with  falling  objects    

•  BRA:  MTE  Ministry  of  Labor  and  Employment  –  “using  tools  with  mooring  to  prevent  their  accidental  fall”  

*Work at Heights Regulations 2005: www.legislation.gov.uk *Safe Work Australia – Model WHS Regulations: http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au *Brasil MTE: http://portal.mte.gov.br/portal-mte/

DROPS

•  DROPS:  Dropped  Objects  Preven;on  Scheme  –  Focused  on  preven;ng  dropped  objects  in  the  Oil  &  Gas  industry  

– Work  to  spread  awareness,  create  best  prac;ces,  and  promote  safety  

–  Over  130  members  worldwide  –  Ergodyne  is  a  proud  member    –  www.dropsonline.org    

SOLUTIONS

Hierarchy Of Controls

OBJECTS  AT  HEIGHTS  SOLUTIONS    

Administrative Controls

AWARENESS & EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS

Administrative Controls

•  Pre-­‐task  Assessments,  Checks  and  Precau;ons:  –  Sta;c  and  Dynamic  Dropped  Objects  Controls  

–  Task  Planning  –  Before  Star;ng  Work  – Working  at  Height  –  Tasks  Involving  Loading  or  Liuing  –  Liu  Plans  and  Collision  Checklist  Examples  

POLICIES & PROCEDURES: DROPS GUIDELINES

Hierarchy of Controls

OBJECTS  AT  HEIGHTS  SOLUTIONS    

•  Trapped  –  Captures  a  connec;on  point  on  tools  that  do  not  have  one  built  in.  

•  Tethered  –  Prevents  object  from  falling  by  securing  to  a  worker  or  other  anchor  point.  

•  Topped  –  Cover  buckets,  pouches,  and  other  containers  to  avoid  spilling  their  contents.  

ACTIVE SOLUTIONS: THE 3 T’s OF O@H SAFETY

//TRAPPED

The Issue

•  Overview  – Most  tools  lack  convenient  connec;on  points  

–  Aqaching  a  lanyard  is  the  most  challenging  part  of  tethering  

–  Un;l  tool  manufacturers  change  designs,  retrofit  solu;ons  will  be  needed  

LACK OF BUILT-IN CONNECTION POINTS

The Solution

A COMPLETE TETHERING SYSTEM

//TETHERED

The Issue

•  Factors  1.  Capacity:  Weight  of  the  item  being  

tethered  

2.  Connectors:  Type  of  connec;on  needed  for  tool    

3.  Clearance,  reach,  and    snag  hazard:  Length  of    lanyard  and  amount  of  retrac;on  

CHOOSING THE RIGHT TOOL LANYARD

Tethered

•  Tool  Lanyards  –  Know  the  type  of  lanyard  needed  to  do  the  job  

Tethered

•  Other  Lanyards  –  Secure  more  than  just  your  tools  

//TOPPED

Topped

•  Factors  1.  Carrying  vs.  Hois;ng  –  Limit  the  weight  

on  the  climber’s  body  and  allow  for  climbing  with  3  points  of  contact  at  all  ;mes.  

2.  Type  of  Equipment  –  Whether  small  parts  or  large  objects,  the  container  should  have  a  top,  closure,  or  ;e  down.  

3.  Weight  of  the  Equipment  –  Compare  to  the  capacity  of  container.  

4.  Container  Material  –  What  type  of  material  is  best  for  the  elements  being  worked  in.  

Topped

•  Carrying –  Pouches & Bags –  Avoid spilling contents when

bending, twisting, or reaching

Topped

•  Hoisting –  Buckets & bags –  Secure contents if container tips

over or catches while in transit

Tested & Tagged

•  All  solu;ons  are  third  party  cer;fied    •  Stringently  tested  using  a  safety  factor  

–  Tool  Lanyards  =  2:1  (dynamic)  dropped  mul;ple  ;mes  

–  Bags  and  Buckets  =  4:1  (sta;c)  held  for  length  of  ;me  

•  Why  safety  factors?    –  Individuals  know  their  weight  but  likely  

guess  their  equipment’s  –  High  poten;al  for  misuse    

•  All  equipment  marked  with    cer;fied  capacity  informa;on  

RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR O@H EQUIPMENT

ONE FINAL CONSIDERATION

Your  primary  preven;on  to  dropped  objects…  

…Your Grip!

•  Hand  Protec;on  –  Choose  a  glove  with  ample  grip  and  dexterity  

–  Consider  the  elements  being  worked  in  (hot/cold  temps)  

–  Consider  the  materials  being  worked  with  (grease,  oil,  etc.)  

–  Consider  the  other  hand  protec;on  risks  on  the  job  

LET’S REVIEW…

Summary

•  Objects  at  Heights  Safety  should  be  a  part  of  every  safety  at  heights  plan:  secure  people  and  objects!  

•  Objects  at  Heights  Plans  should  have  drop  preven;on,  housekeeping,  and  safe  transport  prac;ces  in  place  for  increased  safety.  

•  Use  the  hierarchy  of  controls  by  implemen;ng  Engineering  Controls  (PREVENTION)  in  addi;on  to  Administra;on  Controls  and  PPE  Controls  (PROTECTION).  

•  Remember  the  3  T’s:  Trapped,  Tethered,  and  Topped.  •  Make  sure  your  equipment  is  Tested  and  Tagged  by  the  

manufacturer.  

Thank You!

For  ques;ons  or  comments,  please  e-­‐mail  webinars@tenaquip.com