OBJECTIVE 4.01:RECOGNIZE BASIC TEXTILES USED IN

INTERIORS

TEXTILES• Any products made from fibers

Clothes

Carpets

Upholstery

Sheets.

FIBERS•Raw, thin, hair-like materials

•Fibers come from either natural or manufactured sources.

FIBERS

NATURAL MANUFACTURED

WOOL AND COTTON FIBERS

POLYESTER AND NYLON FIBERS

YARNS ARE CONTINUOUS STRANDS OF FIBERS SPUN TOGETHER

FABRIC IS MADE WHEN YARNS ARE WOVEN OR KNITTED TOGETHER

NATURAL FIBERSNatural fibers come from plants (CELLULOSIC) and animals (PROTEIN).

NATURAL FIBERS

PLANT: Cellulosic ANIMAL: Protein

CELLULOSIC FIBERS: PLANT SOURCES(COTTON, FLAX, RAMIE)

Strengths

• Absorbent

• Strong

• Dyes well

• Seldom damaged by insects

Weaknesses

• Burn easily

• Stained by mildew

• Yellow

• Low in elasticity

• Wrinkle easily

• Shrink in hot water.

COTTON

• Bed and bath linens

• Rugs

• Draperies

• Upholstery

FLAX PLANTS (LINEN)

• Tablecloths

• Kitchen towels

• Draperies

• Upholstery

RAMIE (WAS THE FABRIC USED TO WRAP MUMMIES!)

• Most commonly blended with other fibers to help produce a silky luster to the fabric’s appearance

PROTEIN FIBERS: ANIMAL SOURCES(SILK AND WOOL)

Strengths

•Burn slowly

•Good elasticity and resiliency

•Strong

•Lustrous

•Wrinkle resistant

Weaknesses

• Need to be careful in cleaning (dry clean)

• Water spots easily

• Poor resistance to sunlight (silk)

• Eaten by moths (wool).

SILK – FILAMENTS ARE 300-1600 YARDS LONG!

WOOL

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURED FIBERS (SYNTHETICS)

•Manufactured fibers are divided into 2 groups: cellulosic and non-cellulosic

•Both contain oil products and other chemicals

•Cellulosic also contains wood cellulose.

Manufactured Fibers

Cellulosic Noncellulosic

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANUFACTURED FIBERS

Strengths

•Launder well

•Moth proof

•Non-allergenic

Weakness

• Heat sensitive.

CELLULOSICMANUFACTURED FIBERS (RAYON

AND ACETATE)

Strengths

• Drapes well

• Dyes easily

Weaknesses

• Weak

• Poor resistance to abrasion.

NON-CELLULOSIC MANUFACTURED FIBERS(NYLON, POLYESTER, OLEFIN, ACRYLIC)

Strengths

• Do not stretch or shrink

• Resists creases and abrasion

Weaknesses

• Nonabsorbent

• Creates static electricity.

WEAVING FABRICS• Weaving involves interlacing two systems of yarns at

right angles to each other.

• Warp Yarn: lengthwise threads – up and down• Weft Yarn: crosswise threads (filling yarns) – left to right.

GRAIN - THE DIRECTION THE THREAD RUNS (CROSSWISE OR LENGTHWISE)

PILE WEAVE – HAVE YARN LOOPS OR CUT YARNS THAT STAND AWAY FROM THE BASE OF THE FABRIC. (VELVET, CORDUROY, TERRY CLOTH)

NAP – THE FIBER ENDS THAT STAND UP FROM THE SURFACE OF FABRIC. FABRIC COLOR LOOKS DIFFERENT FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTION.

PLAIN WEAVE

• Simplest weave

• Over 1, under 1.

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS

Basket Weave:

•Plain weave with multiple yarns

•Over 2, under 2.

PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS

Ribbed Weave:

•Warp and weft yarns are different sized.

TWILL WEAVE

•Stronger than plain weaves

•Over 2, under 2. Each succeeding row begins one yarn above or below the last one

•Denim is the most common twill weave.

SATIN WEAVE• The satin weave is smooth, slippery, and drapes

well

• It is less durable than other weaves

• Over 4, under 1

• Successive rows begin 2 rows away from the last.

JACQUARD WEAVE

• It is used for damask, tapestry, and brocade fabrics

• The over under pattern of the warp and weft yarns create a pattern in the fabric.

NON-WOVEN FABRICS

• Knitted fabrics

• Bonded: Made by applying heat, moisture and pressure to fibers. Ex. Felt

• Leather

LAWS AND TEXTILES

1. Textile Fiber Products Identification Act: Fibers in a textile product must be labeled in order of predominance by weight.

2. Wool Products Labeling Act: Labels on wool products include the kind and amount of wool used, manufacturer, and country of origin.

3. Flammable Fabrics Act: Prohibits the sale of flammable fabrics. Many new flame-resistant finishes have been developed as a result of this law.

WEAVING SAMPLEYOU WILL NEED:

• 2 pieces of construction paper, each a different color

• 1 piece of CARDSTOCK

• METAL RULER

• TRIANGLE

• CUTTING MAT AND XACTO KNIFE

or• SCISSORS

• GLUE

STEP ONE

• Place ruler even with the top edge of the paper.

• Draw a line across the paper here

RULER

STEP TWO• Mark ½” increments

on the line.

• Use the triangle to draw vertical lines.

• Start at the bottom and cut to the top line.

• Put glue across here, and attach to cardstock.

STEP THREE• Mark ½”

increments.

• Use the triangle to draw vertical lines.

• Cut all the way across the paper.

• Weave according to your pattern.