Post on 22-Dec-2015
1
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics
IBSAL
Shahab Sokhansanj and Anthony Turhollow
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Organization
Overview Example Elements of the model IBSAL demonstration Conclusions
3
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model
4
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Feedstock Cost Reduction Target
$/ Biomass Dry Ton
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
Feedsto
c C
ost
per
Dry
Ton D
elivere
d
$/BDT 53.29 47.96 38.21 33.07 31.57 30
FY03 Cost per Dry Ton
Selective Harvest Single-Pass HarvesterTransportation &
BulkStorage &
PretreatmentNth Plan Savings
(5%)
2005
2010
2015 20202025
2000
5
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
At the present, average delivered cost of agricultural residues is about $52 per dry ton.
The target is to reduce the delivered costs to $30 per dry ton.
6
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Baseline costs based on spreadsheet analysis
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60$/
dry
ton
Base case -- Large
round bales
Chopperhead w/ low
coststorage
Chopperhead w/ostorage
Other costs
Processing
Haul to plant
Storage
Move tostorage
Collection
Farmerpayments
7
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
IBSAL Model - Description
The Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) model has been developed to simulate physical flow of biomass from collection to biorefinery.
IBSAL integrates technology and management information system for collecting, storing, processing, and transporting biomass.
IBSAL model functions similar to ASPEN model used for analysis of process engineering in chemical industry.
IBSAL model is made up of modules each representing a biomass handling process.
8
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Elements of the model
Mathematical model of field and off-the-field operations. Data on biomass physical characteristics - yield, physical
and chemical changes in dry matter, moisture relations, density.
Climate variables (temperature, precipitation) Quantities and geographical distribution of biomass
material. Cost data and costing method. Emissions and soil compaction data (not yet implemented). Biomass management information system.
9
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
FIELD COLLECT
BIOREFINERY
CHOP
BALE
LOAF
SILAGE TRUCK
WAGON ENSILE
STACK
GRAIN TRUCK
FLATBED TRUCK
GRIND
STORE
Dry
Wet
GRIND
Dry
STACKHAND
BALE MOVER
Three scenarios for collection and supply of stover and straw to biorefinery
10
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Parameters Straw Stover
Removable net yield (t/ha)
2.74 3.785
Working days
365. 365
Annual demand (t) 547500. 547500
Cultivated area required (ha) 199818. 144650
Supply area (ha) 1105199. 387314
Supply area dimensions (km) 105. 62
Number of 100-ha lands 1998. 1446
Dry ton, yield, acreage, and number of farms for a 1500 dry ton per day biorefining operation
11
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Input data BIOMASS AVAILABILITY vs. time
The National Agricultural Statistics Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture publishes the progress of a number of major crops during a growing season.
The data is available at http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb.
Weekly harvest progress in Iowa in 2002
0
10
20
30
40
50
9/21/2002 10/11/2002 10/31/2002 11/20/2002 12/10/2002
Date
No
. o
f 1
50
-ha
fa
rms
12
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Location model
1/n1=11
S1 S2
S3
Pds1
ds2
ds3
1/n2=8/92
1/n3=13
R2
(xs2,ys2)
(xi,yi)
Af,i
Y2,i
21
js
jjj Y100
SnR
21
2ji
2jiji yyxxd ])()[(
Three intermediate stores:S1, S2, S3
One conversion plant: P
13
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Harvest weather conditions for Blair in 2000
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Days after Sept 15 harvest
Tem
per
atu
re
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Rel
ativ
e h
um
idit
y
Precipitation (mm)
RH
15
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Collection & supply of stover
Scenario 1 - baling
55 shredders $4.70/dt 40 balers $9.30 /dt 18 sp bale movers $18.46/dt 10 tarping crew $2.88/dt 12 bale loaders &
8 bale trucks $9.46/dt 3 grinders $6.99/dt Overall cost $50.85/dt Operating cost $21,068,482 Dry ton in 516,232 Dry ton out 509,931 Energy in/Energy out 0.12
Scenario 2 - loafing
55 shredders $4.84/dt 40 loafers (stackhand)
$6.68 /dt 3 grinder and 8 loaders
$7.79/dt 10 trucks $11.90/dt Overall cost $34.89/dt Operating cost $16,592,453 Dry ton in 554,094 Dry ton out 473,341 Energy in/Energy out 0.12
16
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Collection & supply of stover
Scenario 3 – Wet storage (ensiling)
50 forage sp harvesters
& 80 forage wagons $22.75/dt 1 silage pit/100 ha
& 8 Compactors (85 hp tractor) $13.09/dt 18 wheel loaders
& 19 trucks $16.22/dt Overall cost $55.13/dt Operating cost $21,003,064 Dry ton in 565,059 Dry ton out 531,155
17
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
1 91.75 182.5 273.25 3640
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
Days
Number of farmsPlotter, Discrete Event
available harvested Ensiled Trucked
1
AvailableCollected
Stored
Delivered
Progress of biomass availability, collection, and transport operations – cool and wet climate
Collection Completion
224 days
18
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Conclusions
EXTENDTM provides a convenient object oriented language to implement the dynamic simulation of biomass supply.
IBSAL considers time-dependent availability of biomass and the effects weather conditions have on the progress of harvest.
The program predicts the number and size of equipment and storage spaces to meet the rate of harvest and biorefinery demand schedule for feedstock.
The delivered cost of biomass is calculated based on the utilization rate of the machines and storage spaces.
The energy efficiency of the system is calculated