NUTRITION

Mrs. Wankadiya

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Think about Your Reasons

for Food Choices

Why is Food Necessary?

Metabolism = all the chemical reactions in the body.Breakdown and building up of molecules.

Food + Oxygen Energy (ATP) + CO2 + H2O + heat

Energy is used to:build body structures, carry out chemical reactions, move.

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

The Nutrients• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals, vitamins

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Energy

Calories = kilocalories, kcal.

Kilocalorie / Calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius.

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Should you choose this?

Lower energy density

This 450-gram breakfast delivers 500 kcal = 1.1 kcal/g)

Should you choose this?

Higher energy density

This 144-gram breakfast delivers 500 kcal, = 3.5 kcal/g)

USDA GuidelinesInteractive & Customizable

Daily Value (DV)

Nutrient DV % of Total CaloriesFat 65 g 30%Carbohydrate 300 g 60%Fiber 25 gProtein 50 g 10%

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

USDA Food Guide for 2000 Calorie diet

Quantity Food Group2 cups Fruit2 ½ cups Vegetables3 cups Milk / fortified soy6 oz Grain (3 oz whole grain)5 ½ oz Meat / eggs/ legumes, nuts6 teaspoons tsp Unsaturated Vegetable oil

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Vegetarians

Need:

– Protein• Legumes, fortified grain

– Iron • with foods high in vitamin C

– Zinc • Legumes, whole grains, Nuts

Menu Planning• Plan a healthy breakfast, lunch,

dinner, two snacks.

– Avoid Portion distortion– 9 inch plate– Water

Carbohydrates

What do you already know about…?• Fiber?• Endurance Athletes = Carbohydrate loading?• Atkin’s diet?• Good carbs vs Bad carbs?

Refined vs Enriched vs Whole grain Flour

• Refined = has starch and protein from endosperm only• Enriched = same as refined with some vitamins added

• Whole grain = has starch, protein from endosperm• Plus bran = fiber, nutrients• Plus germ = vitamins, minerals

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Diabetes• What is Insulin?• What does Insulin do?• Causes of diabetes• Complications of diabetes

Body Fat Analyzer• Caution! This device uses bioelectric

impedance. It should not be used by a person with a history of heart disease or during pregnancy.

• Follow instructions and log in as Guest• Refer to the Chart provided.

Body Mass Index

• Body Mass Index =weight (lb) X 703height (inches)2

• Normal BMI =18.5 – 24.9

Fats

• Saturated vs Unsaturated

• Omega -3 vs Omega-6

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Atherosclerosis• Inflammation in blood vessel wall• Plaque build up• LDL cholesterol

Proteins• Amino acids are building blocks of proteins• Plant sources and Animal Sources

• Protein Energy Malnutrition– Famine, Poverty, Some Elderly

Protein Energy Malnutrition• Famine, Poverty, Some Elderly• Marasmus Kwashiorkar

Vitamins

• Fat soluble: A,D,E,K• What do you know about them?• Food sources:• A Carrot, sweet potato, dark green veggies• D Fortified milk, fish• E Greens, wheat germ, egg, oils• K Spinach, cabbage, canola oil

Vitamins

• Water soluble: C, B• What do you know about them?• Scurvy• Folate• Niacin• Are too many egg whites bad for you?

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Vitamin C Deficiency:

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Thiamin B1 Deficiency: Beriberi

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Riboflavin B2 Deficiency:

Cheilosis: redness around mouth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Pellagra /Niacin B3 Deficiency:

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Folate B9

• Prevents Neural tube defects – spina bifida

• Improves Heart health• May protect against cancers

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Minerals

What do you know about…?• Sodium• Potassium• Iron (what is pica?)• Calcium• Iodine• Trace minerals

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Goiter /Iodine Deficiency:

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Any Other Concerns…?

• Pesticides, Genetically modified food• Infectious diseases• Eating disorders• Agribusiness• Environment• Safe handling of food

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Misinformation and Quackery

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth

Find Out: Who was Norman Borlaug?

Enjoy Moderation

VarietyExercise

© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth