November 18, November 18, 20082008What caused WWI to begin? Map DiscussionM.A.I.N. causesAssassination of the Arch Duke

The BattlesHomework: Ch. 19 Section 1 Part 2

Rough Drafts due Dec. 3Rough Drafts due Dec. 3rdrd Things to keep in mind:

You always indent the first sentence of each paragraph

Never use “I” in a formal paperProofread your paper and have someone else read it too

Do not use contractions (they’re, won’t, don’t, can’t, etc…)

Terms for Section 1 Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism

Archduke Franz FerdinandDomino EffectBattle of MarneBattle of YpresBattle of VerdunBattle of SommeBattle of Tannenburg

THE GREAT WARTHE GREAT WAR

Nationalism devotion to the interests and

culture of one’s nations Various ethnic groups

resented domination by others and longed for independence

Small nations looked to larger nations for protection

Another Look at Nationalisma sense of greatness of who they werepatriotism + sense of superiority that

calls for the conquering of the inferior

ImperialismImperialismEuropean nations building empires, extending their control over various peoples of the world

As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britain in a contest for colonies

By 1890, the strongest nation on the European continent was Germany, which had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men

Britain was initially alarmed by Germany’s military expansion

As an island, British always relied on naval power (strongest in the world)

Wilhelm II, Germany’s Kaiser, said that his nation should become a major sea power in order to compete successfully against British

British & German shipyards compete to build the largest battleships and destroyers

France, Italy, Japan, & U.S. join naval arms race

Let’s Meet the Powers Great Britain France Russia Germany Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary

Alliance SystemAlliance System Designed to keep the balance of

power in Europe By 1907 there were two major

defense alliances:The Triple Entente (the Allies)-France, Britain, and Russia

The Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Alliances provided international security as nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power

It would later cause a “Great War”

The “Powder Keg”The Balkan Peninsula:World Powers fighting over land for years

Russia wanted warm water routeGermany wanted rail linkAustria-Hungary wanted to expand

France and Great Britain wanted Ottoman Empire to remain

Events of Leading to War

June 28Archduke Franz Ferdinand

assassinatedJuly 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on

Serbia

July 30 Russia mobilizes; France sends troops close to German border

July 31Germany sends the “Blank Check” to Austria-Hungary

August 1France & Germany fully mobilize; Germany declares war on Russia

August 3 France and Germany declare war on each other

August 4 Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany

August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

Domino Effect Review:Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

Serbia’s big brother (Russia) joins the fight

Germany declares war on France Germany attacks through Belgium

Great Britain declares war on Germany

The Schlieffen Plan

The Pinwheel MovementGermany’s plan of attackBoth offensive and defensive

Relied on rapid defeat of FranceRussian army take 6 weeks to

mobilizeAvoiding two-front war Violated Belgium’s neutrality

Enticing French by putting men at the border

While French focus on them, the largest portion of German army come behind them

ProblemsUnderestimated Speed of the French

Did not understand the difficulty of communication to its many armies

Not all commanders going according to plan

France Plan XVII

The PlanRecapture land lost in the Lorraine Gap

Go south, through the Lorraine Gap, and attack the Germans

PROBLEM:Didn’t count on Germans going through Belgium

The BattlesMarneYpresVerdunSommeTennenburg

Battle of the MarneSeptember 5–9, 1914Marne River, East of ParisStopped Germany’s rapid advancePrevented the fall of ParisSet the stage for trench warfare

Battle of Ypres: The first time Germany used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front

Battle of VerdunFeb. 21–Dec. 18, 1916Verdun, France, 120 miles east of

ParisDemoralized both sidesFirst extensive use of the

flamethrowerLongest Battle

Battle of the SommeJuly 1–Nov. 18, 1916Somme River, FranceDrew Germans away from VerdunTactics became more sophisticated

and supply lines became more efficient

First use of tanks (British)

Battle of TannenbergRussian Empire Versus German Empire

17 August and 2 September 1914. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Germans

Series of battles keeping stalemate on Eastern Front.

“No Man’s Land”Long strip of land pounded by artillery (the space between the trenches

Armies dug rat infested trenches

Soldiers charge enemy to be attacked by machine gun fire

fighting for yards of land for 3 years