Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
Nouns and Pronouns
Ze RULES, ja? Ja!
Definition – part of speech
A NOUN names a person, place, thing or idea.
Definition
Idea – a concept; an idea is a thing, but it’s a thing you can’t touch: it’s abstract.
Definition
Abstract- An intangible idea: you cannot touch it.
Definition
Concrete- a tangible thing: you can touch it.
Function - definition
A noun can serve ONLY ONE FUNCTION in a sentence at a time
A function is a job or task
In a sentence, a noun can serve one of 6 functions or jobs:
SubjectPredicate
nominative (predicate noun)
Direct object
Indirect object
Object of a preposition
Possessive
Definition - function
Subject - what the sentence is about; usually found at the beginning of the sentence before the verb
Definition - function
Predicate nominative (also
predicate noun) – noun that renames or refers back to the subject
In the predicate, it must follow a linking verb
Definition - function
Direct object – receives the direct action of the verb by the subject.
The subject does something to it (the direct object).
Is acted upon by the subject
Placement
Direct object – in the predicate, it must follow an action verb and tell what or whom the subject is acting upon
Definition - function
Indirect object – receives the action of the subject indirectly
answers the questions:– to what? or to whom? – for what? or for whom?
Placement
Indirect object - in the predicate between the action verb and the direct object
Will never have an indirect object without a direct object
Definition – function
Object of preposition – noun/pronoun that completes a prepositional phrase– Prepositional phrase never contains a verb– Prepositions should always be accompanied by their complete
phrases– Never end a sentence with a lone preposition– Mark them off on worksheets and exercises with parentheses ( )
Placement
Prepositional phrases may appear in either the subject or the predicate of a sentence
Prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun
Definition - function
Possessives show ownership
The ‘red flag’ is the ’s or the s’ at the end of the noun
Placement
Possessives may appear anywhere in the sentence, either subject or predicate
Possessives may be part of other phrases or clauses
REMINDER:
A noun can serve ONLY ONE FUNCTION in a sentence at a time
Look for the ‘red flags’: placement, apostrophes, prepositions, types of verbs
Cases
Functions of nouns are classified into 3 cases:– Nominative: for naming, like a subject– Objective: directed or acted upon by
some other part of the sentence– Possessive: for showing ownership
Cases – put your toys away
Think of cases like boxes or actual suitcases that contain sorted items. Each case can hold only what it’s meant to hold, nothing more, nothing less. Each function can fit into one and only one case.
Cases
It’s easy to tell which functions go with or fit into each case: The function names echo the case names for all but one function!
Nominative case
SubjectPredicate nominative
(predicate noun)
Direct objectIndirect objectObject of preposition
Objective case
Possessive case
Possessives