Post on 06-Mar-2018
Nothing Down: How to start your GIS
project with little or no cost
Ruslan Rainis (Prof)
Opensource GIS Research Group
School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Email: rruslan@usm.my
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
Background
• Well-known that GIS is useful to many
organizations for various routine, tactical &
strategic decision making process.
• But still many organizations do not yet
implement/use GIS for various reasons.
• One major reason – cost
– Can we start GIS project with little or no cost?
GIS 101
COMPONENTS OF GIS
• Not just a technology - an integration of five basic components
Software
provides functions and tools to store, analyze, and display geographic information.
Data
integration of spatial data and tabular data
(attributes)
Methods
A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed
implementation plan and business rules
People
GIS specialists vs end users
Hardware
computer system on which a GIS
operates
Source: ESRI
GIS COMPONENT (1)
• hardware
– computers to run software
– other related software
• software
– computer program to process data
• custom-written software
• generic programs are more popular
• data
– processed for information retrieval
– most costly compared with hardware and software
– longer life span
– at times, have legal value
GIS COMPONENT (2)
• People/Institution
– individual and organisation that uses or
implements GIS
– critical components - decides the success of
implementation
• need for GIS professional to analyze,
research, design complex GIS systems
• difficult to change humans to adapt with new
technology
– always overlooked
Query
Analyze
Store Display
Capture
Output
GIS Software functions
GIS SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM (1)
• data acquisition
– define, entry and preliminary processing data
– digitizer, scanner, survey equipment, etc.
• data management
– control existence, update, recall and deletion of
data
– database management system
GIS SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM(2)
• analysis of data
– generation of information from data archives
– spatial analysis software
– value of GIS depends on the analytic functions it
provides
• information output
– generated information conveyed to the users
– information managed by computers can be
plotted, printed or exported into other systems.
A Quick look at the cost of GIS
implementation
Some strategies how to implement
gis with little or no cost
• Use freely or opensource softwares – many available of many kinds
• Use insider talents not money – use talents of existing staff
• Exchange data with other organisations
• Barter trade – offset cost of data capture with other equivalent values– E.g. give resell right to data (at agreed time period)
• Rent instead of purchase
• Provide incentive to staffs – extra leave or sponsor to family day
Some strategies how to implement
gis with little or no cost…2
• Sell ads space in newsletter to generate
income to cover cost of GIS implementation –
newsletter related to GIS.
• Setup membership site – let say sharing
experience & giving support using opensource
GIS
– Just imagine if you charge RM20/month & have 500
members, total income RM10,000 per month (make
money while you sleep).
How to implement gis with little
or no cost
What is Open Source and How
Does it Work
Freely available software and source code with limited licensing
restrictions on distribution
Collaborative, community-based software development process
Proactively engages software users with software developers
The Internet provides the backbone for a virtual software
development team
Tpyes of OpenSource GIS
• Software Development
– Desk-top
– Web-based (mapserver)
– Libraries
• Development team
– Individual-based
– Collaborative networks
– Corporation based
Why Opensource GIS?
• The Future of GIS – GIS for ALL & Spatially-
Enabled Society
Why Increasing Interests in OS GIS
(Benefits of the Open Source Model)
Lower Software Cost - No licensing fees Resources are allocated to building applications and enhancing software, not
licensing multiple machines
• Independence from proprietary technology
• Security – risks especially sensitive applications such as e-government, e-procurement
• Enables development of highly customized applications based on organisation’s needs – greater control Development priorities are driven by end-user needs
Issues can be resolved in-house
Vibrant user community – include corporate support
Standards support – Open GIS Consortium
Software quality - improved
Examples of OS GIS
Examples of OS GIS
• Google Map
• Quantum GIS
• Open Jump
• DIVA GIS
• MapWindow
• gvSIG
• SPRING
GoogleMap
Quantum GIS
OpenJUMP GIS
DIVA-GIS
MapWindow
MapWindow
MapWindow
SPRING
Thank you for listeningExample Projects
GIS for Lembah Bujang
Archeological study
• Use GoogleMap & MapServer – for easy access
– Locational data using GPS.
GIS for Secondary
School
• Use MapServer (web-based) & Open Jump
(desktop)
– Case study Form 1 Geography Subject
The uses of OpenJUMP in teaching geography subject to Form 1 students.
Web-based tourist
information system
• Use MapServer – to find shortest distance from
origin to various tourist destinations
Sistem Bantuan Pengurusan
KETENGAH-GIS
( SBPK-GIS )
http://gis.ketengah.gov.my
Courtesy of Spatialworks Sdn Bhd
An online web-GIS application for data sharing
among division in KETENGAH.
Functionalities:
• System Administration and User administration module
• Online map navigational Module
• Online dynamic Map Feature Search module
• Online attribute editing module
• Online dynamic map composition and printing module
• Online document/photo upload to feature
• User access and security control
• System log
SBPK-GIS KETENGAH
Online SBPK-GIS: http://gis.ketengah.gov.my
Toggle Button
Zooming tools
Pan
Information
Select Rectangle
Upload
Query
Ruler
Eraser
System Admin.
ONLINE
Map
Viewing
Data
layer list
Online SBPK-GIS
97 layers of topo data
48 layers of as-built plan data
271 layers of scanned images
30 layers of other data layers
Total: 446 data layers in SBPK-GIS
Online Irrigation Schemes
Information System
( OISIS )
Development of Pilot GIS for the KETARA and Trans Perak Irrigation Scheme
http://bpsp.moa.my/website/
http://spatialworks.mine.nu/website/
Courtesy of Spatialworks Sdn Bhd
Scheduling
Monitoring
Benchmarking
GIS
Maintenance
Administrator
• to support irrigation
scheduling
• to support irrigation
infrastructures
management and
maintenance
• to measure the
effectiveness of
irrigation against
paddy productivity
• to support system
administration function
that include assigning user ids, passwords,
and their access level
• spatial database
management of
irrigation infrastructures
• to support water supply
monitoring at intake
points and water level
in the paddy field
OISIS System Modules
http://spatialworks.mine.nu/dbkk/
Contoh Sistem Pangkalan Data GIS Berpusat - Sistem Maklumat Pemetaan & Geospatial (SiMPeG), DBKK
Open Source GIS Application for DBKK
Open Source GIS Application for DBKK
Shortest Path Routing Application using Open Source
http://spatialworks.mine.nu/fastroute/
EIA-GIS Web GIS Application (DOE)
Open Source GIS Application for JKNNS
Vehicle Tracking System
• Task
– Find a suitable site for a new university aquaculture
lab using the following selection criteria:
• Preferred land use is brushland (i.e. locode = 300 in
landuse.shp)
• Choose soil types suitable for development (i.e. suit >=
2 in soils.shp)
• Site must be within 300 meters of sewer lines
– Calculate the total area of the suitable site(s).
Comparison of several
opensource gis softwares
No Indicators OpenJump gvSIG QGIS 1.4.0 QGIS 1.5.0 GIS A
1 Time (minute:second) to 'Create 300mbuffer of sewers.shp'
00:02 00:03 00:01 00:01 00:02
2 Time (minute:second) to 'Unionsoils.shp and landuse.shp'
00:05 00:06 00:05 00:05 00:03
3 Time (minute:second) to 'Intersectresult of step 1 (buffer) and step 2(union)'
00:06 00:03 00:03 00:02 00:03
4 Time (minute:second) to 'Dissolve finalselected polygon'
00:01 00:03 00:02 00:01 00:02
5 Number of steps required to completethe task
8 10 9 9 8
6 Total time (minute:second) to completethe task
04:09 07:31 05:15 04:04 03:47
7 Total of suitable area (m2) 48158.3 47205.8 47618.2 47618.2 48171.0
Comparison of geoprocessing operations in open source GIS and
Commercial GIS (GIS A).
The Future for Open Source
Technologies
More accessible Internet
Adoption of open standards
Tighter integration among open source technologies
More demanding applications
Rapidly maturing and growing user and developer communities
Summary & Conclusion
• It is possible to start GIS project with little or no cost if there is willingness to try & change in mindset.
• One possible approach is to use Opensource GIS software to minimize software licensing cost.
• Most OS GIS softwares provide at least the basic GIS functions – data capture, management, manipulation, analysis & display – sufficient to start using GIS – especially for data input.
Summary & Conclusion
• Increasing availability of Open source GIS will
enable new users to start using GIS for free or
low-cost – suitable for developing countries
– In long-run all interested parties will have access to
GIS and able to optimise the use of digital data –
create spatially-enabled society.
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
Acknowledgment:
This research partly benefitted from Science Fund
research grant for “The design and development of
Open Source Web-based GIS for promoting spatial
thingking/skills in secondary school education”
sponsored by MOSTI.
Open Source GIS Training
Series
To learn more about Open Source GIS:
• GIS for All – Training on Open Source GIS, 5-7 August at USM – cost only RM600.
• Report – Opensource GIS Softwares: A Comparative Study (RM50) email: rruslan@usm.my
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
Announcement
• New Malaysia GIS Users Community
Forum setup in May 2010.
• Free and independent
• All are invited to join.
• Maintained & supported by Prof. Ruslan
& Opensource GIS Research Group,
USM.
http://gismalaysia.org/forum
Thank you for listeningThank you for your attention