Post on 31-Dec-2015
NeoplasiaAn autonomous growth of tissue that has
escaped all restrains on cell proliferation and exhibits varying degrees of fidelity to their precursors.
NomenclatureLocalized tumor or benign – OMA’sThose which spread are malignantCarcinoma / Sarcoma / Lymphoma /
Melanoma
Exception… Borderline caseBasal cell carcinoma (rodents ulcer)
Locally invasive, never metastasizePleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland
(parotid’s), fibrobatosis, Giant Cell Tumor of soft tissue / bone.
Eponymous TumorsA person after when something is named.Eg.Ewing’s sarcoma of boneHodgkin’s disease – Reed-sternberg Cells,
and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma.Brener tumor of the ovary.
Benign TumorBenign tumor do not penetrate adjacent
tissue border and do not metastasize.It resembles tissue of origin, they are
differentiated.Benign tumor do not kill the patient. (usually)Benign tumor resemble parent tissue.Histologically, cytologically and functionally
similar.
Benign TumorNo invasive / metastatic properties.Named after the cell of origin
E.g. – Lipocyte = Lipoma Blood Vessel = Haemangioma / angioma Squamous Epithelium = epithelioma (?!), papilloma Glands = Adenoma
Malignant TumorMalignant Tumor invade contiguous tissue,
metastasize to different sites and again grow.It can kill the patient… usually.E.g.
Stomach = Gastric adenocarcinomaOesophagus = Squamous carcinomaChondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma
ExceptionsHepatoma = Hepatocellular CarcinomaMelanoma = Malignant melanomaNon hodgkin’s lymphomaSeminoma of testis, dysgerminoma of ovary,
and granuloma.
Other TumorTeratoma = Germ cell tumor, dermoid cyst of
the ovaryHamartoma = Abnormal amounts of normal
tissue, pulmonary chondromaChoristoma = Normal tissue in a ectopic site;
spleneculi, pancreas in stomach, salivary gland in rectum.
Histologic diagnosis of cancerHistopathology is the gold standard for the
diagnosis of cancer.Cytology and pap smears.
ExceptionCancer which will not killE.g.
Prostetic cancer, Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Benign tumor that can killE.g.
Meningioma
Why type a cancer?Treatment option are different.Prognosis are different.Follow up investigation are differentE.g.
Gastric Carcinoma v/s lymphomaPapillary v/s Follicuar Carcinoma of thyroid