Northeast High SchoolGHSGT Junior Academy

Domain: Cells and HeredityMrs. C. Dinkins-InstructorMarch 2009

Domain 1: Cells and HeredityOverview of the Domain

Students describe the structures of cells and the structure and function of their components.

o Students examine the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Students explain the process of inheritance of genetic traits.

o Students differentiate between DNA and RNA, recognizing the role of each in heredity.

o Students demonstrate understanding of Mendel’s Laws in genetic inheritance and variability.

o Students discuss the use of DNA technology in the fields of medicine and agriculture.

Students analyze the similarities and differences between organisms of different kingdoms.

Assessment of this domain focuses on the following:

Describing the roles of cell organelles in the following:

• information feedback• motility • obtaining, storing, and

using energy • protein construction • reproduction • transport of material • waste disposal

Differentiating the functions of the macromolecules:

• carbohydrates • lipids • nucleic acids • proteins

• understanding the relationships between single-celled and multi-celled organisms, on a broad, conceptual level

• differentiating how organisms from different kingdoms obtain, transform, and transport, energy and/or material.

Inorganic vs. Organic Compounds

InorganicWaterAcids and Bases-pH

Organic

CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids

Water About 60-90% of an

organism is water

Water is used in most reactions in the body

Water is called the universal solvent

Water Properties

Polarity

Cohesion

Adhesion

Surface Tension

Acids

Taste sour Examples:

citric acid (think lemons) vinegar (5% acetic acid) carbonic acid (for carbonation of pop) stomach acid, sweat

Bases

Taste bitter Feel slippery Examples:

detergents soap household ammonia  Blood (slightly)

Acids

Number of hydrogen ions in solutions is greater than water

HCl H+ + Cl-

Bases Number of hydroxide ions in solution is

greater than waterNaOH Na+ + OH-

pH Scale Compares the

concentrations of H+ ions

ranges from 0 to 14

7 is neutral (pure water)

Macromolecules

Macromolecules

Scientists of Cell Discovery and the Cell Theory

Robert Hooke Anton van Leewenhoek Robert Brown Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolph Virchow

The Cell Theory

The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include:     1. All known living things are made up of cells.    2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things.   3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.             (Spontaneous Generation does not occur).    4. Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.    5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.    6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.    

Types of Cells

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Single-celled and Multi-celled organism

Plant vs. Animal

Plant vs. Animal Cells

Cell Organelles

http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/drag_gr11/organell.htm

http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/Sbi3a1/cells/cellquiz.htm

http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellquiz.html

Cell Transport

Cell Membrane Structure Passive vs. Active Transport Homeostasis Tonicity- Isotonic, Hypertonic and

Hypotonic Solutions

Crossing the Plasma Membrane

Passive Transport

No energy needed

WITH the gradient

Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport

ENERGY used

AGAINST the gradient

Can be through a protein

Bulk transport and pumping

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Cellular Energy

ATP-ADP Cycle Photosynthesis Cell Respiration

Six Kingdoms