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Nivasone 2010462040
Hyangmi Kim 2009461014
The Internet dilemma and control policy:
political and economic implications of theInternet in North Korea ( Ko et al)
North Korea·s Internet strategy and itspolitical implications (Chen et al)
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Table of Contentsy Introduction
y Literature Review
y Two authoritarian nations : Cuba & China
y
The internet in North Koreay Mosquito-Net Model
y Changes in North Korea·s Internet Policy
y Political economic implications of the Internet in North
Koreay Conclusion
y Findings
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Introduction
y North Korea or DPRK
y Political: the world·s most repressive regimes
y Economics: scarce in either capital or natural resources
y The Internet: The economic benefitsy Perfect control: the stability of the regime
effective control
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Literature review
Internet dilemma
Technological
Determinism Instrumentalism
Instability political
Disseminate political
propaganda and attracteconomic benefits
Reactive Proactive
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Two authoritarian nations (con·t)
Cuba China
y Carefully circumscribing
accessy Restrictive to individual
access
y Free access
y Boundaries of acceptablediscourse through acombination of harshregulations, censorship,monitoring, selectivearrests and other scaretactics
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Continuum of the Internet control in
authoritarian countries
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The internet in North Koreay The world·s most restrictive policy on the Internet access
e.g.) No ¶kp· domain has yet been seen on the Internet.
y A nationwide network or intranet, called Kwangmyong, was builtin November 2002.
y Limited internet access of domestic and outside N. K
y Two categories of N.K·s websites :
Political propaganda : ChosunTongsin, Choson Sinbo and the Pyongyang Times
Commercial purposes: Infobank, Sili Bank, tourism sites, and lotto sites
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The internet in North Korea
Mosquito-Net Model
y Set up such a ¶net· over the entire society to block theinfluence of capitalism.
Kim Jong Il suggested that the government should take strongmeasures to block the capitalists· broadcasting and publications
to prevent them from infiltrating the N.K society.
y Entails attempts to attract the inflow of foreign investmentwhile simultaneously blocking infiltrations of foreign ideas,news, and culture.
y Is reflected in the way the regime set up the ¶specialeconomic zones·.
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Table 1 comparison of Internet strategies of china, Cuba, and North Korea
China Cuba North Korea
Economicobjectives
Fully capitalizing on theinternet·s economic
benefits
Economic use of theinternet limited to sectors
such as tourism to directly
generate foreign currency
Utilizing the Internet·soverall economic benefits
Perceived
major
threats
Potential domestic
dissent
Military threat from the
US
Military threat from South
Korea, the US, and Japan
Internet
control
Allowing broad
individual access while
monitoring and
censoring content
Tightly restricting
individual access
¶Mosquito-net· approach
that allows controlled access
coupled with controlled
content and surveillance
Internetpenetration
26.9%(¶09) 12.7% (¶09) N/A; extremely low
Sources: Kalathil and Boas (2001); Internet World Stats:
Usage and Population Statistics.
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The internet in North Korea
yThree different strategies to control the Internet
Not allowing free personal access to the Internet but permittingNorth Korean internet users to access the internet within specific
time and limited hours, and with restricted sources and defined
ranges, and only for public benefits·
� One-Point Internet Connection Strategythe CIAST
� Single Gateway Strategythe KCC
� Comprehensive Internet ConnectionSecurity Strategy
the 6. 26 TechnologyService Centre
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Changes in N.K·s Internet policyy Firstly, changes are observed in perceptions
on the Internet·s usefulness.
y
Secondly, North Korea has begun to make proactive use of the Internet, at least for domestic purposes like therationalization of bureaucratic organizations.
y Thirdly, North Korea came to under-
stand the need for ordinary people·s
knowledge of the Internet.
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Political economic implications of Internet in NK
y When the top leader falters, and situations of politicaluncertainty or weakened central control arise, the intranetand the Internet in N.K might start playing a much moreunpredictable and profound political and social role than they
have been so far.
y Instrumentalism and examine the possible impacts of theInternet Opening in N.K in terms of the three factors:
Political flux
the rate of Internet penetration
Government control over the internet
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Political economic implications of Internet in NK
y Dual strategy toward the Internet
External : internet-based strategy for external economic exchangeand cooperation
Internal : intranet-based strategy for enhancing the efficiency of the
planned economy through the informatization of production and management.
A shift in the Internet policy in N.K : positive signal that theeconomy is trying to integrate with the global economy
Once N.K·s leadership sees that changes caused by the Internetpositively, N.K can take proactive measures to open the Internet inspecial economic zones.
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Conclusion
y North Korea hesitant to open the Internet because it bringsnegative social effects and posts a threat to the political stability of
the regime.
y Since the infrastructure of the Internet is still weak in North
Korea, it is easy for government to control Internet access.y Even if North Korea opens the Internet, its restrictive approach to
Internet will be taken.
y If North Korea is confident in external assurances, North Korea
could follow China·s Model, if not Cuba·s model. However, North
Korea·s model tend to be closer to Cuba than China
y No matter how hard the regime tires to control the internet, there
will be loopholes and ways for people to bypass censor and
surveillance.
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Findings
y The affect of the Internet on political and economics
y
Internet contributes authoritarian orsocialist governments to open to the new
information era and it may finally bring
changes to the regime.
y Hope for reunification of Korea to be accomplishedthrough the Internet in the future.
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