Non‐TimberForestProducts:contributiontonationaleconomyandsustainableuseintheCongoBasin

RobertNasiJRC‐CIFORSideEvent

CBDCOP11,Hyderabad,India,10/10/2012

Forestsaremorethantimber

Forest Good orService (in discounted

US$/ha or inUS$/ha/yr)

General(Pearce &

Pearce 2001)

Cameroon(Lescuyer

2007)

Gabon(National Park)

(Lescuyer2006)

Cameroon(community

forests)(Akoa Akoa,

2007)

Timber 200‐4,400 560 98 25‐78

Fuelwood 40 61Not

assessed165

NTFPs 0‐100 41‐70 3 172

Geneticresources 0‐3,000 7 1< Notassessed

Recreation 2‐470 19 4 34

Watershedbenefits

15‐850 54‐270 0 998

Climatebenefits 360‐2,200 842‐2,265 211 632

Optionvalues 2‐12 3Not

assessedNotassessed

Non‐usevalues 4,400 19‐32 24 Notassessed

Whatistheimportanceofnon‐timberforestproductsforthelivelihoodsoftheCongoBasinpeopleandfortheenvironment?

Isthelevelofusesustainable?

Canwemanage?

Non-wood forestproducts

•Chap.7:Non‐timberforestproducts:contributiontonationaleconomyandstrategiesforsustainablemanagement(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_7.pdf

PriorityNTFPS(trade

&/orconsumption)

Regional

priority

Countries

EqGuinea Congo DRC Cameroon CAR Gabon

Bushmeat

6 countries

√ √ √ √ √ √

Fuelwood- - √ √ √ √

Colaacuminata&C.Nítida√ √ √ √ √ √

Gnetumspp

5 countries

√ √ √ √ √

Rattans√ √ √ √ √

Darcyodesedulis √ √ √ √ √

Elaeisguineensis √ √ √ √ √

Raphiaspp. √ √ √ √ √

Snails,larvae&insects √ √ √ √ √

Piperguineensis

4 countries

√ √ √ √

Aframomumspp. √ √ √ √

Irvingiaspp.√ √ √ √

Prunusafricana

3 countries

√ √ √

Marantaceae √ √ √

Rauwolfiavomitoria√ √ √

Baillonellatoxisperma√ √ √

Coulaedulis √ √ √

Mushrooms √ √ √

Honey √ √ √

Garciniakola √ √ √ √

Ricinodendronheudelotii

2 countries

√ √

Garcinialucida √ √

Dioscorealiebrechtsiana √ √

Alstoniaboonei √ √ √

Wood energy:fuelwood and

charcoal

•Chap.5:ContributionofwoodfueltomeettheenergyneedsofthepopulationofCentralAfrica:prospectsforsustainablemanagementofavailableresources(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_5.pdf)

Fuelwoodandcharcoalrepresent90%ofallwoodremovalfromforestsinAfrica(FAO,2011)

Schureetal.2011

WoodforenergytradedinKinshasaandKisanganivs.officialtimberproduction

Bushmeat

•Chap.6:TheroleofwildlifeforfoodsecurityinCentralAfrica:athreattobiodiversity?(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/docs/edf2010/EN/SOF_2010_EN_Chap_6.pdf)

THINKING beyond the canopy

• TheestimatedvalueofbushmeattraderangesfromUS$42toUS$205millionperyearinWest‐CentralAfrica.

• 30to80%oftheproteinintakeofmanyruralpopulationswithfewexistingalternatives

BushmeathuntinginCongoBasin

(Nasi et al., 2011)

Bushmeat

BasinDenseForest(km2)

Population (x1000) Consumption(tonne/meat/yr)

Extracted(t/yr)Rural Urban Rural Urban

Amazon3,938,000 14,425 24,352 909,000 small 1,299,000

Congo1,612,000 57,046 41,199 2,909,000 289,000 4,569,000

Nasi,VanVliet,Taber2011

IfbushmeatconsumptionintheCongoBasinwastobereplacedbylocallyproducedbeef,anareaaslargeas25millionhectaresmighthavetobeconvertedtopastures.

Common managementissues

Factorsaffectingsustainability

• Natureoftheresource

• Informalnatureofthevaluechains

• Lackofknowledgeandrecognitionofthesector

• Inappropriatepoliciesandgovernance

• Demography,povertyandhunger

• Increasedcommercialization

• Loggingandotherresourceextractionactivities

• Fragmentationandland‐usechanges

• Agriculturalsectorexpansion

Main Barriers Specific solutions

Bad governance, influence ofelites and corruption

Sensitization at the level of elites

Strengthen local governance

Strengthen law enforcement capacity

Lack of motivation fromsmall or economically

unstable logging companies

Create incentives to encourage the privatesector to engage in taking NTFP into accountStrengthen technical capacities at the level of

national services and the private sectorUnclear definition of

responsabilities amongstakeholders

Clarify and formalize roles andresponsabilities

Barriers and solutions

( modified from TRAFFIC workshop, Libreville, June 2010)

Main barriers Specific solutions

Additional costs areincurred to consider NTFP in

management

Allocation of a specific budget for wildlifeisssues

Logging revenues (taxes etc.) should also beallocated to support management efforts

Partnerships among stakeholders are crucial

External funding is needed

High demand of bushmeatfrom external urban areas

and little control/knowledgeabout the market chain

Sensitization of urban consumers

Better knowledge of the market chain

Lack of largely validatedscientific methods and

protocols to monitor NTFP

Develop research and coordinate thevalidation of monitoring methods

Barriers and solutions

Gender issues

• NTFPplayadisproportionatelyimportantroleinthelivelihoodsandwell‐beingofwomen(andchildren)

• Thecollectionoffuelwoodorotherwildproductsisoftenataskforwomenandchildren

• Womenplayanimportantroleinthedifferentvaluechainsoftheseproductsandderivecrucialincomefromthesales

• Womengenerallyinvestbacktheirincomeintohouseholdfoodandwellbeing;menmoreintononessentialgoods

LesforêtsdubassinduCongo‐EtatdesForêts2010.

TheForestsoftheCongoBasin–StateoftheForests2010.(http://www.observatoire‐comifac.net/index.php)

Eds:deWasseigeC.,deMarckenP.,BayolN.,HiolHiolF.,MayauxPh.,DescléeB.,NasiR.,BillandA.,DefournyPetEba’aR.

Pictures:CIFOR,R.Nasi,N.VanVliet,J.OkouyiOkouyi,C.Doumenge,D.Wilkie,E.Mvula,J.M.Kahindo,T.Kilensele