Post on 10-Jul-2015
description
Non-invasive Techniques
Tools for Preventive Archaeology?
Axel G. PosluschnyRoman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Inst ituteposluschny@rgk.dainst.de
Martin PosseltPosselt & Zickgraf -
Archäologisch-geophysikal ische Prospektionen GbR
posselt@pzp.de
ArcLand PZP GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Content
• Introduction of methods & techniques• Aerial Archaeology• LiDAR/ALS• Geophysical surveying
• Case studies – advantages and pitfalls• Resume
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
http://www.ohiotraveler.com/images/serpent%20mound.jpghttp://www.ohiotraveler.com/images/serpent%20mound.jpg
http://www.online-reisefuehrer.com/bilder-reisen/tuerkei/ephesos.jpghttp://www.online-reisefuehrer.com/bilder-reisen/tuerkei/ephesos.jpg
http://www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/Landeskunde/w3/provence/vienne/http://www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/Landeskunde/w3/provence/vienne/augustus1.jpgaugustus1.jpg
http://www.aegypten-spezialist.de/uploads/pics/gizeh-cheops-sphinx.jpghttp://www.aegypten-spezialist.de/uploads/pics/gizeh-cheops-sphinx.jpg
Visible features in Cultural Heritage Management
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
Braasch/Christlein1982
Invisible Features in Cultural Heritage Management
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Non-invasive methods
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Aerial Archaeology
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
• dependent on weather, climate, etc. so cannot be used at all times
• not all features show on aerial pictures (at all times)
• relatively coarse as regards the details of the documented sites
• very time effective• can give a first glimpse of
what is there• can cover very large areas in
a short time
LiDAR/ALSRoman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning)• only shows
3dimensional features• semi automatic
analyses are possible (highlighting potentially interesting features)
• works in forested areas• covers large areas
LiDAR/ALS
Celtic hillfort Vlada in Bohemia – with forest canopyř
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
LiDAR/ALS
Celtic hillfort Vlada in Bohemia – without forest řcanopy
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
LiDAR/ALS
Detecting so far unknown grave mounds in the forest near a Celtic hillfort in Germany
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Geophysical Surveys
• Geophysical surveying methods comprise a variety of different techniques:• Magnetometer survey• Earth resistance survey (geoelectric survey)• Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
• They are:• non-destructive• machine-based• in most cases less expensive than excavations• can cover very large areas• their disadvantage is the expert knowledge one has to have in
many cases to be able to handle the data derived from various measurements and the interdependency of features and surrounding soil
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Friedberg-Bruchenbrücken, Germany. Magnetogram pasted to a cadastre map.
1 Detail with groundplan of house 10.
2. Excavation of 1984-85.
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Typology of groundplans of early neolithic houses.
To the left: earliest type, to the right developed type
(Lüning u. Stehli).
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Phases of contruction of the Roman limes. Phases 1-4 (E. Schallmayer, Der Odenwaldlimes).
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
(W. Reinhard, Die keltische Fürstin von Reinheim)
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Area of magnetometer survey
Outline of the planned by-pass-road
Motorway A5
Bad Homburg-Ober-Eschbach/Ober-Erlenbach (Hochtaunuskreis) 2001.
Geophysics and Magnetic ghosts.
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
MagnetogramBad Homburg-Ober-Eschbach/Ober-Erlenbach (Hochtaunuskreis)2001, Posselt & Zickgraf (PZP)
Fluxgate-Magnetometer (Ferex)dynamics +/- 3 nT (white/black)
Details with ground plans of houses
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Bad Homburg-Ober-Eschbach/Ober-Erlenbach 2001.Fluxgate-Magnetometer (Ferex) dynamics +/- 3 nT(white/black)Magnetogram and interpretive drawing of LBK-houses 1 and 2
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Bad Homburg-Ober-Eschbach/Ober-Erlenbach 2001. Section of circular ditch with invisible feature.
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Posselt & Zickgraf Prospektionen GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
• The large variety of modern surveying methods have a number of great advantages:
• non-destructive
• amend each other
• very precise
• nearly complete
• cover large areas
• fast
• much lower costs than caused by excavations
Resume
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
• One can only protect, monitor and manage what s/he knows
–> Large scale surveys are not only a technique for archaeological research but also for Cultural Heritage Management
• Site protection is an expensive as well as a time consuming task
–> Modern geophysical and remote sensing methods are a possible solution
• Surveying data is the ideal basis for decision making in urban land-use planning, to assess the threads from erosion, looting and plundering or from ploughing and to monitor archaeological sites
• During building and construction planning the areas of archaeological interest can be taken into account
–> not only Archaeology or Cultural Heritage Management benefit from large scale surveys but also investors and stakeholders
Resume
Roman-Germanic Commission/DAI
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de
Thank you very muchfor your attention
posluschny@rgk.dainst.deposselt@pzp.de
ArcLand PZP GbR
www.archaeolandscapes.eu www.pzp.de