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The BAGOBO Tribe in MINDANAO
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BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBE
THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATION
PRESENT DAY SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS
CULTURAL BACKGROUND & TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
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The BAGOBO Tribe in MINDANAO
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A. BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBEPlace of Location | History | Physical Appearance
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PLACE OF LOCATION
Mindanao Islands: • Mountains south and east of Mount Apo East of
Cotabato.Religion:• indigenous• Christian
Language:• Bagobo(maanobo Family)
Population: • 58 601 (1994)
A. BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBEPlace of Location | History | Physical Appearance
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“Bagobo” comes from “bago” meaning “new” or “recent”, and “obo/obbo/uvu” meaning “growth” or “grow
Also known as:•Kulamanen •Manobo• Manuvu •Matigsalug•Matigsaug• Obo, Obbo •Tigwa-Salug
•Guingan •Jangan
HISTORY
A. BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBEPlace of Location | History | Physical Appearance
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•Light brown in complexion.•Hair is brown or brownish black, ranging from wavy to curly.•Men stand about 158 cm tall, the women 147 cm.•Wide face but the chickbones are not prominent.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
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A. BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBEPlace of Location | History | Physical Appearance
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•Eyes are dark and widely set, the eye slits slanting.•Eyebrows are deliberately shved to a thin line by both male and female.•The root of the nose is low, the ridge broad.•The lips are full, the chin rounded.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
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A. BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBEPlace of Location | History | Physical Appearance
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B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
•Hierarchy of God•Rituals•Diwata or Gods •Pantheon of demons•Offering Paghuaga (human sacrifice)
BELIEFS
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•The daily activities are marked by rituals.•Do the harvesting. •Offer areca nuts, betel leaves, food, clothing, and brass instruments, all placed on special altars for the blessing.
NORMS
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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•Parental Decision•Friendly Accommodation•Symbol of Obligation•Wedding Feast•Commitment and Privilege•Dowry Practices
MARRIAGE
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
•Summons “Mabalian”.•Midwife Tokens.•Kill the Triplets Babies.
BIRTH PRACTICES
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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Cloth are made from AbacaMen wear a close-fitting undershirtMen have a hemp cloth bagMen keep their log hairWomen wear close-fitting jacketWomen have bangs
APPAREL/ ACCESSORIES
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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PolygamySlavery
OTHER PRACTICES
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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Friendly-tradersIndustriousObedient
VALUES
B1. CULTURAL BACKGROUND B2. TRADITIONAL PRACTICESBeliefs | Norms Marriage | Birth Practices | Apparel/ Accessories | Other Practices | Values
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C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•The primary means of subsistence is swidden agriculture. Rice and corn are rotated.•Other products are: copra, coffee and cacao, fruits, and vegetables. •Trade has opened intertribal and interracial relations. •The money economy, while decreasing the level of self-sufficiency, has helped improve production, transportation, and communication.
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ECONOMY
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•Both men and women strip hemp for the abaca trade and for domestic purposes.•Blacksmithing, house building, and the making of kitchen utensils like rice mortars and meat blocks are done by the men. •Basketry is done by both sexes.
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ECONOMY
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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The Bagobo settlement became a municipality Administered by:•Mayor•Vice-mayor with the assistance of the municipal council•Barangay captain of the poblacion •Sangguniang Bayan members•Municipal development officer•Municipal planning and development coordinator
Republic of the Philippines•Province of Davao del Sur- Governor•Municipality of Santa Cruz- Mayor•Barangay- Brgy. Chairman
POLITICAL SYSTEM
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•Sibulan •Paghuaga(human sacrifice) •Matanom and mabahan •Gimukod •Pakakalangit •Karonaronawan (hell)•Balatik
•Gallat/gelat •Gatok-biaan or pakakaro•Bagkes •Langis•Buwis (monetary tribute) •Saksi (witnessing)•Pangulo (priest or minister)
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•Basag (hardwood planks) hewn from the palma brava tree trunk.•Biga (taro leaves) or bulig (banana leaves).•Tinatang •Rebbong (elevated firebox) •Sikado (bamboo water containers• Betill (clothesline) •Rokok goli (rice or corn granary)
ARCHITECTURE AND COMMUNITY PLANNING
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•Traditional clothes and jewelry.•Bagobo tie-dye abaca fibers in deep red, maroon, and black.
VISUAL ARTS AND CRAFTS
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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•Tagungguan
PERFORMING ARTS
C. THE PRESENT DAY CULTURAL SITUATIONEconomy | Political System | Religious Beliefs and Practices | Architecture and Community Planning Visual Arts and Crafts | Performing Arts
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D. PRESENT DAY SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUSLocation | Food | Jobs
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•Mountainous region between the upper Pulangi and Davao rivers.
D. PRESENT DAY SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUSLocation | Food | Jobs
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•Sweet potato•Corn• Bananas• Sago• Coconut•Cassava cake in a bamboo •Chicken in coconut milk meal•Green Veggie Salad for Breakfast•Chicken in the Bamboo
D. PRESENT DAY SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUSLocation | Food | Jobs
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IN HINTERLANDS: •Planting•Fishing•Embroidering
PROFESSIONALS•Doctors•Nurses•Teachers •Accountants •Lawyers •Government employees and officials
D. PRESENT DAY SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUSLocation | Food | Jobs
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