Post on 24-Apr-2018
Presented by:
Richard Soden
Agilent Technologies
Next Generation Very High Throughput
802.11ac WLAN MIMO
Design & Test Challenges
2
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac Digital Pre-distortion (DPD)
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
4
New Applications for WLAN
Growth of high-definition video and desire for wireless connections is
driving need for higher data rates for applications such as:
• Wireless display
• Distribution of video/media content throughout the home or office
• Rapid file upload/download (sync devices, movie kiosks)
Example data rates:
Application Data Rate (Mbps)
Interactive videoconferencing 0.38 to 0.5
Internet video streaming 2.5 to 8
HDTV 19.4 to 25
Blu-Ray 40
Uncompressed video, “good” quality
(8-bits/color, 1920x1080p, 24 fps, 4:2:2)
796
Uncompressed video, “best” quality
(10-bits/color, 1920x1080p, 60 fps, 4:4:4)
3730
5
Enhancements for 802.11ac
• Wider channels
• Higher-order modulation
• MIMO: More spatial streams and antennas (up to 8)
• Multi-user MIMO
•
5
Feature Mandatory Optional
Channel bandwidth 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz 160 MHz, 80+80 MHz
FFT size 64, 128, 256 512
Data subcarriers / pilots 52 / 4, 108 / 6, 234 / 8 468 / 16
Modulation types BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 256QAM
MCS supported 0 to 7 8 and 9
Spatial streams and MIMO 1 2 to 8 Tx beamforming, STBC
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
Operating mode / PPDU format Very high throughput / VHT
Data rates: 1.56 Gbps (80 MHz, 4 Tx, MCS9) “reasonable” case
6.93 Gbps (160 MHz, 8 Tx, MCS9, short GI) best case
6
802.11ac Design & Test Challenges
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
Channel
A/D
IQ Mod Impairments
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
PA Linearity
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Transmitter Design - LO phase noise needed to meet EVM for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
- PA linearity, IQ modulator, mixer, filter impairments
- PA digital pre-distortion?
• Transmitter MIMO Hardware Performance - RF MIMO EVM - how to generate and analyze R&D test signals (two or
more spatial streams, different bandwidths, different modulation orders…)
- Debug IQ and IF stages?
- Crosstalk and timing issues
• Receiver Hardware Performance - Coded BER performance of RF hardware…baseband HW available?
- Rx sensitivity and LO phase noise to meet BER for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
7
802.11ac MIMO System Design & Test Minimizing System Integration Risks…
MIMO Receiver
Design
PA Nonlinearities
/ Digital Pre-Distortion
MIMO Transmitter
Testing & Debug MIMO Receiver
Testing & Debug
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
RF Channel
A/D
MIMO Transmitter
Design
With 802.11ac needing higher
performance designs, every
part of the transmit and receive
chain becomes critical to the
link budget
So how to decide the optimum
balance, without over-
designing?
How are design requirements
impacted for 64QAM vs.
256QAM? ..for 80 MHz vs.
160MHz?...for SISO vs. MIMO?
8
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
Transmit
Antennas
Receive
Antennas
SISO
The Radio
Channel
MISO
Single Input Single Output
Multiple Input Single Output
(Transmit diversity)
Receive
Antennas
Transmit
Antennas
MIMO
The Radio
Channel
SIMO
Single Input Multiple Output
(Receive diversity)
Multiple Input Multiple Output
(Multiple data streams)
MIMO: Increased Capacity
(and Test Complexity)
9
10
Diversity
Improve robustness
Spatial Expansion
(Transmit Diversity)
Receive Diversity
Multiple Antenna Techniques in
802.11ac
Space-time block
coding (STBC)
X1, X2
-X2, X1*
y1, y2
Spatial division multiplexing
(direct mapping) Multi-user MIMO
Transmit Beamforming
Spatial multiplexing
Improve user throughput
Multi-user Increase system
efficiency
MIMO
MIMO (4x2)
Matrix
4 streams, 3 users X1
X2
y1
y2
Downlink only
Up to 4 users
Up to 4 streams/user
Total 8 streams max
11
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
12
802.11ac MIMO Transmitter Design
Design Considerations:
• LO phase noise needed for 64QAM vs. 256QAM?
• IQ modulator, mixer, and filter impairments?
• PA linearity?
• 80 MHz vs. 160 MHz bandwidth?
14
802.11ac MIMO Simulation Results
160 MHz 64 QAM
How do the design consideration change for 64 QAM, or maybe for 80 MHz bandwidth ??
15
Section Summary:
MIMO Transmitter Design
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
Channel
A/D
IQ Mod Impairments
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
PA Linearity
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Transmitter Design Performance - LO phase noise needed to meet EVM for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
- PA linearity, IQ modulator, mixer, filter impairments
17
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
Notes: MIMO simulation & download is run from a math script instead of a single
controller UI, in order to set the master/slave configuration after the AWG download
Master 81180
Slave 81180
802.11ac MIMO Transmitter Testing Generate 5.8 GHz 160 MHz MIMO Waveforms
18
Test Results- Waveform Time Synchronization Multi-channel Oscilloscope Used for MIMO Wideband Analysis
20
13 GHz Digital
Oscilloscope
Test Results- 5.8 GHz 160 MHz 2x2 MIMO Demod Equalizer Trained by Preamble, Pilots, and Data for Better EVM
21
13 GHz Digital
Oscilloscope +
89600 VSA SW
Test Results- 5.8 GHz 160 MHz 2x2 MIMO Demod Equalizer Trained by Preamble Only
22
13 GHz Digital
Oscilloscope +
89600 VSA SW
23
D/A PA FGPA/DSP
Digital oscilloscope with
VSA software (IQ, IF, RF) Digital oscilloscope with VSA
software for 2 or 4 channel
RF MIMO analysis
IF RF Analog
(IF or IQ)
D/A PA
Two or Four
RF MIMO
Transmitters
PA
PA
Troubleshooting IQ, IF, and RF Issues
802.11ac MIMO Hardware Testing 3x3 MIMO with Wideband PXI MIMO Signal Analyzer
N5182B MXG Channel 1
N5182B MXG Channel 2
• MXG Signal Generators with up
to 160 MHz modulated bandwidth
• Wideband MIMO PXI VSA
• 800 MHz IF BW
89600B VSA software, Opt BHJ
W1461BP SystemVue Environment
W1917EP WLAN library with 802.11ac
24
N5182B MXG Channel 3
Test Results- 5.8 GHz 80 MHz 2x2 MIMO Demod PXI Wideband VSA Results
25
Wideband
MIMO PXI VSA
With 89600
VSA software
26
Section Summary 802.11ac MIMO Transmitter Testing
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
Channel
A/D
IQ Mod Impairments
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
PA Linearity
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Transmitter MIMO Hardware Performance - RF MIMO EVM - how to generate and analyze R&D test signals (two or
more spatial streams, different bandwidths, different modulation orders…)
- Debug IQ and IF stages?
- Crosstalk and timing issues
27
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
Digital Pre-Distortion Problem Statement
Conflicting requirements
How to handle signals with high PAPR, while driving the PA to operate
with high PAE, while also having low signal distortion?
High
PAE
Signals
with high
PAPR
High
Spectral
Efficiency
Higher
Drive
levels
High
Distortion
levels
“Back off”
the drive
levels
28
29
High DC-RF
Efficiency High
Crest
Factor
High
Spectral
Efficiency
Increase
Drive
levels
Causes high
distortion
levels
Higher
Throughput
rates for
subscribers
CFR
DPD
CFR
DPD
Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
30
• W1917 WLAN library can
generate signals for Agilent
W1716 DPD module
• DPD extends RF performance
and helps increase battery life
thru higher efficiency
• DPD requires 3-5x the signal
bandwidth of the PA
• Integrated crest factor reduction
(CFR)
• Agilent provides an open system
for wideband RX/TX modeling
Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
Advanced Modeling:
Sweep Power, Watch EVM, ACP
Input waveform: • IEEE 802.11ac, 5 GHz WLAN
• No CFR (PAPR is 8.7dB)
• Bandwidth = 80MHz system
• 4x Oversampling rate=320 MHz
Device Under Test: • WLAN “FCE” model extracted from
Agilent GoldenGate RFIC simulator
EVM with DPD
EVM w/o DPD
ACLR with DPD
Lower/Upper ACLR
w/o DPD
Output < 0 dBm
DPD offers little benefit
0 < Output < +16.5 dBm
DPD offers significant benefit
+16.5 dBm < Output PA is not correctable
EVM vs. Output Power ACP vs. Output Power
32
33
Section Summary: Digital Pre-Distortion
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
Baseband DPD algorithms
And PA Modeling
A/D
IQ Mod Impairments
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
PA Linearity
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Transmitter MIMO Performance Required for Higher Order Modulation - PA digital pre-distortion?
34
Agenda
• Market Drivers and Resulting Design & Test Challenges
• Quick Review: What is MIMO?
• MIMO Simulation Case Study
• MIMO Transmitter Hardware EVM Testing
• Advanced Modeling: 802.11ac DPD
• MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
WLAN 802.11ac Receiver Design
35
WLAN 802.11ac coded BER/FER measurements with AWGN channel
Re
Im
C2
Fc
CxEnv
E1
ModOUT
QUAD
OUT
FreqPhaseQ
IAmp
FCarrier=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
InputType=I/Q
Modulator
Power=0.1W [SignalPower]
Frequency=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
O1
TEST
REF
BitsPerFrame=8192 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]
StartStopOption=Samples
B2
Noise
Density
NDensity=-64.044dBm [NDensity]
NDensityType=Constant noise density
AWGN
WLAN_11ac _Receiver
Cons te l la tion
SigAftM atrix
ChCodedBits
M SDU
input
ShortGI=NO
SpatialMappingMatrix=1 [[1]]
SpatialMappingScheme=DirectMapping
ReInitialize=YES
ScrambleSeed=1;0;1;1;1;0;1 [[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1]]User3_MPDUMACHeader=0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]
User3_MPDUDataLength=1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024 [[1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024]]
User2_MPDUMACHeader=0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]
User2_MPDUDataLength=1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024 [[1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024]]
User1_MPDUMACHeader=0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]]
User1_MPDUDataLength=1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024;1024 [[1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024,1024]]
User0_MPDUMACHeader=0 [User0_MPDUMACHeader]
User0_MPDUDataLength=1024 [User0_MPDUDataLength]NumMPDUPerUser=1 [NumMPDUPerUser]
AggregatedMPDU=1 [AggregatedMPDU]
CodingType=0;0;0;0 [[0,0,0,0]]FrameFormat=DataFrames
STBC=NO
N_SS=1;1;1;1 [[1,1,1,1]]NumUsers=1
IdleInterval=12e-6s
MCS=2 [MCS]OversampleRatio=x2 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 40 MHz [Bandwidth]NumRx=1
WLAN_11ac_Receiver_1
WLAN_11ac _Sourc e
UE0_ChCodedBits
UE0_Cons te l lation
SigAftSpatia lM apSeg1
SigAftSpatia lM apSeg0
Output_IQSeg1
Output_IQSeg0
UEs Bi ts
WindowingLength=2ShortGI=NO
SpatialMappingScheme=DirectMappingScrambleSeed=1;0;1;1;1;0;1 [[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1]]
User0_MPDUMACHeader=0 [User0_MPDUMACHeader]
User0_MPDUDataLength=1024 [User0_MPDUDataLength]NumMPDUPerUser=1 [NumMPDUPerUser]
AggregatedMPDU=1 [AggregatedMPDU]
CodingType=0 [[0]]STBC=NO
N_SS=1 [[1]]
NumUsers=1
TransmissionMode=MultiUser
IdleInterval=12e-6s
MCS=2 [MCS]
OversampleRatio=x2 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 40 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumTx=1
WLAN_11ac_Source_1
1 1 0 1 0
DataPattern=PN15
B1
OutputTiming=EqualToInput
N=8192 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]D1
802.11acparameterized
Coded TX source
802.11acparameterized
Reference RX
BER/FER
tester
36
WLAN 802.11ac Receiver Design System-Level Interference Scenarios
Add Interferers, Fading
RF nonlinearities
Phase noise
ADC/DAC
Filtering, and more
Interference
NoiseDensity
NDensity=-173.975dBm
NDensityType=Constant noise density
Receiver_Thermal_Noise
OutputTiming=EqualToInput
N=32768 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]
D1
Re
Im
C2
ModOUT
QUADOUT
Freq
PhaseQ
IAmp
FCarrier=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
InputType=I/Q
Modulator
Power=0.1W [SignalPower]
Frequency=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
O1
1 1 0 1 0
DataPattern=PN15
B1
Env
OutputFc=Min
A1
Order=5
PassAtten=3
PassBandwidth=80e6Hz
FCenter=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
F3 {BPF_Butterworth@Data Flow Models}
Fc
CxEnv
E1
WLAN_11ac_Receiver
Const ellat ion
SigAf t M at r ix
ChCodedBit s
M SDU
input
IdleInterval=12e-6s
MCS=8 [MCS]
OversampleRatio=x8 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 80 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumRx=1
WLAN_11ac_Receiver_1
WLAN 11ac measurementsNon-adjacent Channel Rejection
Amplifier
NoiseFigure=0
Gain=-68 [-48-SignalPower_dBm]
GainUnit=dB
RF_Gain
Spectrum Analyzer
ResBW=100e3Hz
Start=12e-6s
Mode=ResBW
Spectrum
WLAN_11ac_Sour ce
U E0_ChCodedBit s
U E0_Const ellat ion
S igAf t Spat ialM apSeg1
S igAf t Spat ialM apSeg0
O ut put _I Q Seg1
O ut put _I Q Seg0
UEsBit s
TransmissionMode=MultiUser
IdleInterval=12e-6s
MCS=8 [MCS]
OversampleRatio=x8 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 80 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumTx=1
WLAN_11ac_Source_1
Desired Signal
802.11ac, Fc=5.16GHz, BW=80MHz
802.11ac, Fc=5.00GHz, BW=80MHz
1 1 0 1 0
DataPattern=PN15
B3
Re
Im
C1
Power=0.1W [SignalPower]
Frequency=5.16e+9Hz [FCarrier+2*80e6]
O2
ModOUT
QUADOUT
Freq
PhaseQ
IAmp
FCarrier=5.16e+9Hz [FCarrier+2*80e6]
InputType=I/Q
Modulator1
Amplifier
NoiseFigure=0
Gain=-61 [-48-SignalPower_dBm+7]
GainUnit=dB
RF_Gain1
WLAN_11ac_Sour ce
U E0_ChCodedBit s
U E0_Const ellat ion
S igAf t Spat ialM apSeg1
S igAf t Spat ialM apSeg0
O ut put _I Q Seg1
O ut put _I Q Seg0
UEsBit s
TransmissionMode=MultiUser
IdleInterval=0s
MCS=0 [[0]]
OversampleRatio=x8 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 80 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumTx=1
WLAN_11ac_Source_2
802.11ac Reference RX
TEST
REF
BitsPerFrame=32768 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]
StartStopOption=Samples
B2
AWGN
Interferer Signal for BER Test
39
WLAN 802.11ac Receiver Hardware Testing: BER Example Detailed Connections
Ref Out
IQ data via LAN
SystemVue running
on PXI controller
89600 VSA software
running
on PXI controller
Wideband PXI MIMO
Signal Analyzer
N5182A MXG
WLAN 802.11ac Receiver Hardware Testing: Signal Generation
40
ModOUT
QUADOUT
FreqPhase
Q
IAmp
FCarrier=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
InputType=I/Q
Modulator
Re
Im
C2
1 1 0 1 0
DataPattern=PN15
B1
WLAN_11ac_Source
UE0_ChCodedBits
UE0_Constellation
SigAftSpatialMapSeg1
SigAftSpatialMapSeg0
Output_IQSeg1
Output_IQSeg0
UEsBits
MCS=2 [MCS]
TransmissionMode=MultiUser
IdleInterval=12e-6s
OversampleRatio=x1 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 40 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumTx=1
WLAN_11ac_Source_1
Power=0.1W [SignalPower]
Frequency=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
O1
Fc
CxEnv
E1
WLAN_11ac_EVM
TimeStep=25e-9 [1/SampleRate]
NumTx=1
Bandwidth=BW40MHz [Bandwidth]
TrackTiming=YES
TrackPhase=YES
TrackAmplitude=YES
SymbolTimingAdjust=-3.125
SubcarrierSpacing=312.5e3Hz
MeasurementInterval=53 [Nsym]
MeasurementOffset=0
SearchLength=1e-3s
GuardIntervalSel=Auto Detect Guard
FramesToAverage=4
AverageType=RMS (Video)
Start=0s
MirrorSpectrum=NO
W1
ESG4438C Downloader
AutoScale=YES
PrimAddress='141.121.94.223
HWAvailable=YES
S3
802.11ac source IP download directly to MXG
WLAN 802.11ac Receiver Hardware Testing: Signal Capture and Analysis
41
TEST
REF
BitsPerFrame=8192 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]
StartStopOption=Samples
B2
Re
Im
R2
1 1 0 1 0
DataPattern=PN15
B1
OutputTiming=EqualToInput
N=8192 [User0_MPDUDataLength(1)*8]
D1
DeModI
Amp
Freq
PhaseQ
FCarrier=5e+9Hz [FCarrier]
OutputType=I/Q
D2
WLAN_11ac_Receiver
Constellation
SigAftMatrix
ChCodedBits
MSDU
input
MCS=2 [MCS]
IdleInterval=12e-6s
OversampleRatio=x2 [OversampleRatio]
Bandwidth=BW 40 MHz [Bandwidth]
NumRx=1
WLAN_11ac_Receiver_1
123
StartStopOption=Samples
S1
123
StartStopOption=Time
S2
Fc
CxEnv
E1
WLAN_11ac_EVM
TimeStep=12.5e-9 [1/SampleRate]
NumTx=1
Bandwidth=BW40MHz [Bandwidth]
TrackTiming=YES
TrackPhase=YES
TrackAmplitude=YES
SymbolTimingAdjust=-3.125
SubcarrierSpacing=312.5e3Hz
MeasurementInterval=53 [Nsym]
MeasurementOffset=0
SearchLength=1e-3s
GuardIntervalSel=Auto Detect Guard
FramesToAverage=4
AverageType=RMS (Video)
Start=0s
MirrorSpectrum=NO
W1
Spectrum Analyzer
SegmentTime=1e-3s [Stop_Time - Start_Time + Time_Spacing]
Start=0s [Start_Time]
Mode=TimeGate
S3 {SpectrumAnalyzerEnv@Data Flow Models}
VSA_89600B_Source
gap
out
VSATrace=B
OutputType=Timed (Envelope/Real Baseband)
VSATitle='Simulation output
V1
802.11ac receiver IP demodulates,
BER calculated
89600 VSA
software
Captures IQ
data from PXI
analyzer
43
Section Summary:
MIMO Receiver Design and Testing
RF Rx Coding
Algorithms
(Simulated)
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms
(Simulated)
Bits Out
Measure RF
Receiver
Components
A/D
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Receiver BER Performance - Coded BER performance of RF hardware…baseband HW available?
- Rx sensitivity and LO phase noise to meet BER for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
Receiver Test
Signal
44
Summary:
802.11ac Design & Test Challenges
Tx Rx Coding
Algorithms
D/A
Bits In Decoding
Algorithms Bits Out
Channel A/D
IQ Mod Impairments
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
PA Linearity
Rx Sensitivity
LO Phase Noise
Filter Impairments
Considerations:
• Transmitter Design - LO phase noise needed to meet EVM for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
- PA linearity, IQ modulator, mixer, filter impairments
- PA digital pre-distortion?
• Transmitter MIMO Hardware Performance - RF MIMO EVM - how to generate and analyze R&D test signals (two or
more spatial streams, different bandwidths, different modulation orders…)
- Debug IQ and IF stages?
- Crosstalk and timing issues
• Receiver Hardware Performance - Coded BER performance of RF hardware…baseband HW available?
- Rx sensitivity and LO phase noise to meet BER for 256QAM vs. 64QAM
Additional Resources Webcasts
45
• Introduction to 802.11ac WLAN Technology and Testing
Webcast
• http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/eventDetail.jspx?cc=US&lc
=eng&ckey=2067515&nid=-11143.0.00&id=2067515
• Innovations in EDA: High Performance Digital Pre-Distortion
(DPD) for Wideband Systems
• http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/redirector.jspx?action=ref&l
c=eng&cc=US&nfr=-
34867.0.08&ckey=2021229&cname=AGILENT_EVENT
• Accelerate 802.11ac/ad system-level design & verification for
next-generation WLAN
• http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/eventDetail.jspx?cc=US&lc
=eng&ckey=2112408&nid=-52844.3383972.08&id=2112408
Additional Resources Articles and Application Notes
46
• Tackling MIMO Design and Test Challenges for 802.11ac WLAN
– Microwave Journal
• http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/17140-tackling-mimo-
design-and-test-challenges-for-802-11ac-wlan
• Wideband Digital Pre-Distortion with Agilent SystemVue and PXI
Modular Instrument
• http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-8883EN.pdf
• Accelerate Development of Next Generation 802.11ac Wireless
LAN Transmitters-Overview
• http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-9872EN.pdf
• Agilent’s WLAN 802.11ac Test and Design Home Page
• http://www.agilent.com/find/80211ac
Thank You!
47
http://www.agilent.com/find/80211ac