Post on 02-Apr-2020
ICI Update – January 2011 01
It was a great experience in participating in the Roving National Seminars on “Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials and Techniques” held at Bengaluru, Jaipur, Nagpur and Kolkata during the second week of January 2011. I was overwhelmed to witness enthusiastic response at all four locations. Initial estimate indicates that the total number of delegates who attended the seminars exceeded 1500. At Nagpur, the response was so overwhelming that the local organizers were constrained to refuse registration of delegates as the seminar hall had a capacity to accommodate only 550 chairs! Coinciding with the seminar in Bengaluru, the local center of ICI has taken a lead in organizing a three-day Deminar, which
Contents
attracted participation from different segments of the industry on the one hand and engineering fraternity on the other.
Joint participation of experts from ICI, SINTEF, Norway; and Committee for Organization International Conferences, Canada was an experiment in sharing knowledge on latest developments in the use of innovative materials and techniques. Looking at the success of the seminars one must admit that this objective was fulfilled beyond expectations. We are yet to receive full reports of the seminars. However, in this issue a preliminary report is included along with the lead paper by Prof. V. M. Malhotra for wider dissemination.
During the next month, ICI will be holding a series of Round Table Meetings on the theme “Concrete Pavements and White Topping” at five locations — Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai. I am happy to announce that for these
From the President’s Deskround tables, ICI is successful in garnering the support of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), USA. Two leading experts from FHWA – Mr. Sunil Vanikar and Dr. Tom Van Dam will share their experience and highlight the latest technological developments from their country. ICI will bring all Indian stakeholders including concrete pavement contractors, BOT Operators, decision makers in government and semi-government bodies, leading project management consultants, leading material suppliers, equipment manufacturers together on one platform. The objective of this exercise is mainly to clarify doubts amongst the stakeholders in India and encourage them to adopt concrete pavement/white topping in new projects. I am requesting the concerned local centers of ICI to take a lead and make the round table meetings successful.
Vijay R KulkarniPresident
January 2011 Vol. 2 Issue: 01
STEWOLS INDIA (P) LTD.5-10B & NS-6, Nagpur Industrial Estate,Kamnptee Road Uppalwadi Nagpur-440 026 INDIATel.: +91-712-2641040, 2640613, Fax No.: +91-712-2641760E-mail: sales@stewols.com Website: www.stewols.com
• From the President’s Desk 1
• Upcoming Events 2
• Roving Seminars 3
• ICI ACECON Cultural Event 15
• Selected Seminar Papers 17
• News from Centres 30
• Student Chapters 32
• New Members 34
Upcoming Events
ROUND TABLE MEETINGS ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
AND WHITE TOPPING
ICI will be holding a series of Round Table Meetings on the theme "Concrete Pavements and White
Topping: Critical Issues" at five locations, namely, Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai
during the last week of February 2010. ICI is successful in registering the support of Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), USA, for these events. The FHWA has agreed to depute two of their leading
experts - Mr. Sunil Vanikar and Dr. Tom Van Dam to participate in the round tables. The dates of the
round table are as below.
lMumbai : February 21, 2011
lBengaluru : February 22, 2011
lChennai : February 23, 2011
lHyderabad : February 24, 2011
lDelhi : February 25, 2011
It is proposed that the Round Table Meetings be restricted to selected invitees - mainly the stakeholders
in the industry, such as concrete pavement contractors, BOT Operators, decision makers in government
and semi-government bodies, leading project management consultants, leading material suppliers,
concerned equipment manufacturers, etc. The duration of the round table will be around 3-4 hours,
during which critical issues hindering the adoption of concrete pavements and white-topping will be
discussed threadbare. The experts from the USA will share their experience and highlight the latest
technological developments from their country. The objective of this exercise is mainly to clarify doubts
amongst the stakeholders in India and encourage them to adopt concrete pavement/white topping in
new projects.
One day workshop on “Trends & Techniques in
Concrete Pavement for 21st Century” is organized
by ACCE in association with ICI–TN Chennai
Centre at ICSR Auditorium, IIT Madras on 12th
February 2011. For further details, kindly contact:
R.J.Tamilselvan, Convenor (M) 9444470402 Email :
jtamilselvan67@gmail.com.
Seminar on’ Fiber concrete’ is to be organised by
ICI Nagpur Centre on 25-26 June 2011. For further
details, kindly contact : Er.Ish Jain, Org. Secretary.
(M) : +91-9423101454, Email :
fibcon2011@gmail.com, ishjain@gmail.com.
Seminar on Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
Trends & Techniques in Concrete
Pavement for 21st Century
ICI Update – January 2011 02
Prof. T Noguchi -
University of Tokyo
Sustainable Recycling Of
Concrete Structures
Dr. Per Jahren -
CEO, PJ Consult, Norway
CO2 Emission – Triple Focus
MS# AD - 12
Dr. V.Ramakrishnan -
Professor, Emeritus,
North Dakota University
Construction of Structures with
Synthetic Structural Fiber
Reinforced Concrete for
Sustainability and Durability
Mr. Per Fidjestol -
Global Technical Marketing
Manager, Elkem
High Performance Concrete for
more Sustainable Concrete
Construction
Mr. Christian J. Engelsen -
Senior Scientist at SINTEF,
Norway,
The Indo-Norwegian Initiative
on Sustainable Utilization of
Alternative Materials in
Cement and Concrete
Prof. Muhammed Basheer -
Asst. Professor, Queen's
University, Belfast, U.K
Sustainability Issues and
Concrete Technology
Roving Seminars
National Seminars on 'Concrete Sustainability through Innovative
Materials and Techniques'
The recently concluded Roving National Seminars on ‘Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials
and Techniques’ at Bengaluru, Jaipur, Nagpur and Kolkata on 10th, 11th, 13th and 14th January 2011 respectively
evoked over whelming response in all four centres of ICI. The topic was covered widely by the contents of the
papers presented by the International and National speakers. Interaction by the participants with the speakers
was the testimony for the success of the programme in meeting the objective of ICI, i.e., to disseminate the
knowledge of latest in the concrete world. The overseas speakers and programme associates were all in
appreciation for the responsiveness of the participants and the excellent arrangements made by all the centres.
The event opened a new avenue for dialogue between the different sections of the people.
Detailed reports of the seminars are awaited from ICI Centres. However, we have obtained certain photographs
of the events. These are included here.
MAIN SPEAKEERS
ICI Update – January 2011 03
Roving Seminars
MAIN SPEAKEERS
Dr. Harald Justnes -Chief Scientist SINTEF Building and Infrastructure
Concrete with High Volume of Supplementary Cementing Materials and Admixtures for Sustainable and Productive Construction
Mr. A. K. Jain -
Advisor, Grasim Industries Ltd
(Cement division)
Fly Ash Utilization in Indian
Cement Industry: Current
Status and Future Prospects
Mr. Ajay Pathik -
Heading Counto Microfine
Products Private Ltd as Chief
Operator.
Microtechnology for High
Performance Concrete
Dr.Manu Santhanam
Associate Professor,
IIT Madras
Evolving Performance
Specifications for Concrete
Performance in India
Mr. Vijay R. Kulkarni -
President, ICI
Principal Consultant, RMC
Manufacturers'Association
Concrete Sustainability: Indian
Scenario and Crucial Issues for
Future
ICI Update – January 2011 04
BENGALURU
Inaugural Function L-R : Dr.M.N.Hegde, Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, Mr.Raj Pillai,
Mr.R.D.John and Dr.M.R. Kalgal
Seminar speakers with Mr.Raj Pillai, Chairman, ICI-KBC and Dr.M.N.Hegde, Secretary, ICI-KBC
Roving Seminars
ICI Update – January 2011 05
Roving Seminars
BENGALURU
A section of the audience
ICI Update – January 2011 06
TARIFF FOR ADVERTISEMENT IN OUR E-BULLETIN
PANEL ON FRONT PAGE.
6.5 (w) X 7 (h) cm top right ` 6000
5.0 X 4.5 4000
5.0 X 2.25 2500
Quarter page on specific page 4500
Half page inside pages 8000
Full page color inside pages 15000
`
`
`
`
`
Roving Seminars
Prof.A.K.Tiwari, Vice-President (N) explaining the salient features of the seminar
Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI compering the programme
Mr.S.Chauhan, Chairman, ICI-Rajasthan Jaipur Centre welcoming the participants.
JAIPUR
ICI Update – January 2011 07
Participants interact with Guest Speaker Dr. Harald Justnes
Prof.A.K.Tiwari, handing over the memento to Guest Speaker Prof.Muhammed Basheer
Roving Seminars
JAIPUR
ICI Update – January 2011 08
Roving Seminars
ICI-Rajasthan Jaipur centre Executive Committee Members with Guests
A view of the audience
JAIPUR
ICI Update – January 2011 09
Roving Seminars
NAGPUR
Mr. L. K. Jain, Past President releasing seminar proceedings –Mr. Manoj Kawalkar, Mr. Vivek Naik, Mr. Radhakrishnan,
Mr. L. K. Jain and Mr. V. R. Kulkarni
Mr.V.R.Kulkarni presenting his paper
ICI Update – January 2011 10
Roving Seminars
Mr.Vivek Naik, Vice-President (W) ICI interacting with the speakers
Mr.Keshav Tayade, Chairman, ICI-NC addressing the gathering
NAGPUR
ICI Update – January 2011 11
Roving Seminars
Mr. L. K. Jain past president ICI-NC in discussion with Guests
A section of the audience
NAGPUR
ICI Update – January 2011 12
KOLKATA
Inaugural Session - Seating left to right : Mr.Partha Gangopadhyay, Prof.S.Saraswati, Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, Prof.Muhammed Basheer,
Mr.Aparesh Chaudhuri and Dr.Harald Justnes
Prof.S.Saraswati, Chairman, ICI-WBC welcoming the participants
Roving Seminars
ICI Update – January 2011 13
Roving Seminars
Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, President, ICI delivering his Presidential address at the inaugural function
A section of the audience
KOLKATA
ICI Update – January 2011 14
ICI ACECON Cultural Event
5th December 2010 6th December 2010
Carnatic music on Veena Cultural programme by Jus fusion, a band led by percussionist S.Muralikrishnan, who has performed alongside acclaimed musicians like Sivamani, Umayalpuram Vishvanathan and Zakir Hussain. It is a popular Chennai based fusion band, playing a variety of rhythm based music.
ICI Update – January 2011 15
7th December 2010
Guided visit to Rock Temples and Sculptures of Mahabalipuram, a UNESCO sponsored heritage site.
... cont.
Music programme by Yodhakaa, a contemporary Indian music band that plays a collage layering
traditional Sanskrit 'slokans' with broad vistas of musical influences from around the world, creating emotions,
imagination, sounds, thoughts and soul.
A theme village with an ambience representing a typical rural village with shops, entertainers,
soothsayer and temple.
ICI ACECON Cultural Event
ICI Update – January 2011 16
Typical Rural Village
Guided visit to Rock Temples and Sculptures of Mahabalipuram, a UNESCO sponsored heritage site.
Selected Seminar Papers
The February 2007 report issued by the International
Panel on climate Change (IPCC) has stated in no
uncertain terms that global warming is no longer an
issue that has to be debated. According to the report,
global warming is here, and drastic actions are
needed for the long-term sustainability of our
environment. It is in this context that this paper
discusses the role of supplementary cementing
materials as partial replacement for cement in
concrete in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Primary emphasis is on the use of high volumes of fly
ash in concrete because this is available in huge
quantities worldwide, and this vast supply will
continue to be available at least up to the year 2050.
Other supplementary cementing materials
discussed include granulated, blast-furnace slag,
rice-husk ash, silica fume and metakaolin. The paper
is concluded by referring to the tradable emission
rights, and the role of developing countries as
regards to the CO2emissions and sustainability.
Keywords: CO2 emissions, concrete, environment,
fly ash, global warming, portland cement,
supplementary cementing materials, sustainable
development.
Introduction
The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
made up of 600 scientists from 40 countries in a
landmark report issued in February 2007 has laid to
rest any doubts about global warming. According to
the IPCC, the global warming is here and it is
primarily due to human activity and is irreversible. It
recommends drastic measures to reduce CO2
emissions, the primary source of global warming, if
present–day environment is to be sustained. The
report also stresses that if no actions is taken to curb
the CO2 emissions, it is most likely that the earth’s
average temperature could increaseby 40C by the
end of this century. According to Nicholas Stern, a
former Chief economist of the World Bank and Head
of the U.K. government Economic Service, the
SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES AND CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
V. M. Malhotra
temperature rise of 40C and above would have
serious impacts on food production, water
availability and extreme weather events worldwide
[1]. It is in this context that this paper discusses the
role of supplementary cementing materials as partial
replacement for cement in concrete in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
Worldwide CO2 Emissions
CO2 Emissions by Different Countries and Global
Warming
According to the latest estimates, China now has the
dubious honour of being the largest emitter of CO2
emissions having overtaken the U.S.A. in 2009. The
other big emitters are the E.U. India and Russia.
However, it must be stated that the per capita
emissions by developing countries are much lower
than by the developed countries such as Australia,
Canada and the U.S.A. (Table 1)
Table 1 - CO2 Emissions in Tons per Capita and the
Total Emissions*
Country Per Capita (Tons) Total (Megatons)
Australia 26.2 529
U.S.A. 24.0 7,065
Canada 23.7 758
Russia 13.5 1,938
Germany 12.3 1,015
U.K. 11.0 656
Japan 10.6 1,355
Brazil 5.3 983
China 5.0 6,467
India 1.6 1,744
* From: “The Hot Topic” by Walker and King (2008)
According to the published data, the global CO2
emissions had reached 36.5 billion tonnes in 2008.
Given the current rate of increase in the CO2
emissions by China and India, it is reasonable to
assume that by the end of 2010, the total worldwide
emissions would reach or exceed 38 billion tonnes.
Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials & Techniques.
ICI Update – January 2011 17
Unfortunately, the World Earth Summit in
Copenhagen, Denmark in December 2009, a follow-
up of the former World Earth Summit in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and in Kyoto, Japan in 1997
was a tragic failure in that there was no agreement
among the delegates on establishing binding limits
on the rise of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, there was
a general consensus that if we are to avoid major
catastrophic events in the future, the temperature
rise by the end of the century should not exceed 2.0
oC. However, given the past record of countries like
the U.S.A., China, India and Canada.
Concentration of CO2 in the Atmosphere
The concentration of CO2 has been increasing
steadily in the world since the industrial revolution
in the 1800’s. At the time of the industrial
revolution, the concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere was 260 ppm, in 1988 the concentration
of CO2 observed in Hawaii was 350 ppm. If no
action is taken on global warming, the rate of
concentration in the atmosphere is going to increase
dramatically (Fig. 1).
CO2 Emissions by Category
The total CO2 emissions in 2007 were 36 billion
tonnes [2], of which fossil fuels contributed about 29
billion tonnes, i.e. 81% of the total. The breakdown by
category is shown in Table 2.
Fig. 1 - Concentration of CO2 in the atmospheresince 1800’s
Table 2 - CO2 Emissions in 2007*
(in billion of tonnes and percent of total)
Billions of Tons %
Total 36 100
Fossil Fuels 29 81
of Which:
• Electricity 11.5 32
• Industry 8.0 22
• Transportation 6.5 18
• Residential 2.0 6
• Commercial 1.0 3
• Deforestation 7.0 19
* Economics for “Crowded Planet: Common Wealth”, by
Jeffrey D. Sachs, 2008
Technologies for Capturing and Storing CO2, and
for Using Co2 for Making New Products
Considerable research is being undertaken in
various countries especially in the U.S.A. to develop
technologies to capture and store CO2, and for using
CO2 for making new products.
These are:
• Sequestration of CO2
The sequestration of CO2 involves capturing of
greenhouse gas emissions so that they can be stored
underground rather than be allowed to enter into the
atmosphere. Several pilot projects have been
undertaken in the U.S.A., Canada and Norway. These
technologies are very expensive and difficult, and
there is no guarantee that GHG will not leak into he
underground water over the years. For the
immediate future, sequestration of Co2 is not an
option.
• Sea Water and CO2
Since 2008 Research has bee underway by the Calera
Corporation, U.S.A., to use sea water to react with
captured CO2 to develop aggregates and or
cementitious products. The
technology is promising and the pilot projects are
under consideration.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 18
• Converting atmosphere Co2 into Commercial
Grade gasoline
In January 2010, Carbon Sciences Inc. of Santa
Barbara, U.S.A. announced that it has developed a
breakthrough technology that
converts atmospheric CO2 into commercial grade
gasoline. According to the information available, this
technology combines chemical and biological
processes in a bio-catalytic process that converts
CO2 into a cost efficient energy source. This is an
interesting development but it has a long way to go
before it can be commercialized.
• Absorption of CO2 Emissions by the Oceans
The world’s oceans have absorbed nearly half of the
Co2 emissions during the past 200 years. This
amounts to nearly 118 billion tonnes of the CO2
emissions since the 1800’s. This is the positive aspect.
However, there are also negative aspects of the
phenomenon. Because as CO2 dissolves in seawater,
it triggers the formation of acids that can dissolve the
shells and skeletons of marine animals and reduces
their ability to produce calcium carbonate shells.
This, in turn, can affect productivity of the oceans in
terms of marine life and reefs.
Global Temperature Rise and Climate Change
An increase in CO2 emissions affects adversely the
global climate. The Inter-governmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), meeting in Geneva, recently
warned that the average global temperature is
expected to rise between 1.4 and 5.8 ºC over the next
100 years. Only seven years ago, the Panel had
predicted a maximum temperature rise of 3.5 ºC over
the same period. It is of interest to note that the
average global temperature has risen only 0.6 ºC over
the past 100 years. In July 2009, the world leaders at
their G8 meeting in Italy agreed to limit the
temperature rise 2.0 ºC from that in the pre-
industrial times. In this regard, analysis by Nicholas
Stern should be of interest [3] .
“However, to have a reasonable change of cost
effectively limiting a rise in global average
temperature to no more thaw 2.0 oC, beyond which
scientists regard as “dangerous” to go, annual
emissions must be reduced to below 44 billion tonnes
by 2020, well below 20 billion tonnes by 2050.
Put another way, today’s average world emissions per
capita are nearly 7 tonnes of carbon dioxide-
equivalent each year, with big variations between
countries; for instance, the United States emits about
24 tonnes per head while the figure for India is below
2 tonnes.
By 2050, the global population is projected to rise to 9
billion, so average per head emissions will have to be
lower than 2 tonnes per year on average. For rich
countries, this will require a cut in annual emissions
by at least 80 percent by 2050.”
Linearity and Ecology
Ecology is non linear [4]. It may follow a straight line
for a while, then it hits a point of no return, that is a
threshold, and then it crashes. The recent collapse of
the massive shelf ice in the Antarctic is the perfect
example of this threshold concept. The scientific
community knew that there were warming trends
but could not foresee that more than five billion
tonnes of Antarctic ice would crumble in a matter of
months.
Retreating of Arctic Ice
A scientific commission consisting of scientists from
eight countries including Canada and the U.S.A.,
have recently completed a four year study on the
retreating of Arctic ice.
The Commission has concluded that the retreat of
Arctic ice and thawing of tundra are a direct result of
the accumulating carbon dioxide and other
emissions from human activities worldwide.
The recent collapse of the massive ice shelf of more
than five billion tonnes, in the Antarctic is a perfect
example of accelerating flows of ice to the sea with
serious consequences of rise in sea levels. This can
also lead to the potential of intensified droughts and
floods.
World Leader in Global Warming
North America is the world leader in global warming
as it can be seem from the following statistics:
• In 1998, the North American continent accounted
for 25.8 per cent of the global emissions of carbon
dioxide, a leading greenhouse gas.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 19
• North American per capita annual gasoline
consumption for motor vehicles is nine times the
global average.
• By 1996, the North American continent’s
impact on the environment also called the
‘ecological imprint’ has grown 4.4 times the
world’s average.
• North Americans burn an estimated 25.7 billion
litres of fuel annually in traffic jams [5].
• Canada and the U.S. consume 25 per cent of global
energy used each year, despite having only about
5 per cent of the world’s population.
• Although today’s cars are 90 per cent cleaner than
those of the 1970’s, U.S. drivers now drive on
average twice as many kilometres as they did in
the 70’s. Also, automobile fuel efficiency gains
have been offset by an 18-year old trend towards
heavier cars such as SUVs. However, the recent
increase in the price of oil has reduced demand for
the SUVs, and people are driving less.
• Total energy use in North America grew 31 per
cent between 1972 and 1997[6]
• Although the average U.S. family size has fallen 16
per cent, the size of new homes has risen 48 per
cent, with resulting increase in energy use.
• Figure 2 shows the percentage of different
greenhouse gas emission in the U.S.A. for the year
2002.
CO2 Emissions by Automobiles in the U.S.A.[7]
Cars are the largest single source of CO2 emissions
into the atmosphere, and every litre of gasoline
burned produces about 2.5 kg of CO2. The average
car getting 10.6 km/L (25 miles per gallon) and
travelling 20,000 km (12,500 miles) per year emits
about 4.7 tonnes of Co2.
Therefore, 25 million passenger cars (10 per cent of
the total number of cars in the U.S.A.) will emit about
120 million tonnes of Co2 into the atmosphere.
This amount of CO2 is about the same as emitted
by the cement plants in the U.S.A. The data given
below gives some idea of the magnitude of the
problem.
Total number of cars in the world 900 Million
Total number of cars in the U.S.A. 250 Million
Population of the U.S.A. 300 Million
Number of cars for the remaining
six billion people 650 Million
CO2 Emissions and Tropical Deforestation
Tropical deforestation is the second biggest cause of
global climate change, second only to the burning of
fossil fuels. Two and a half acres of rain forest
contains between 120 and 300 tons of carbon. It is
estimated that half a million acres of rain forest would
keep the atmosphere free of as much CO2 emissions
as a 500 megawatt coal powered plant in 50 years.
Because of deforestation, Indonesia and Brazil rank
third and fourth in the world in GHG emissions. The
first and the second countries are China and the
U.S.A.
Tibet and Global Warming
According to experts, Tibet will be one of the most
harmed regions of the world by global warning. In
recent years, Tibet has experienced receding ice
lines, melting glaciers and ice caps, extreme weather
changing landscapes and a decrease in bio diversity.
Tibet’s altitude of above 4,000 meters makes it a
barometer of the world’s climate and very sensitive to
temperature changes. According to the China
Meteorological Administration, thetemperature in
Tibet increased 0.32 oC every ten years from the year
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 20
1961 to 2008. This was up to six times the temperature
increase in other parts of China which was 0.05 to
0.08 oC per decade.
Potential Impact of Global Warming
At present, there are no means of quantifying the
potential effect of global warming. Different research
groups involved in this area have different forecasts,
and these range from gloomy to very gloomy.
According to the most recent reports (2007) by IPCC,
the following events are the most likely outcome of
climate change:
1. Disappearance of glaciers that feed major river
systems in south and south east Asia
2. Melting of the Antarctic glaciers
3. Melting of the permafrost in the north
4. Flooding that endangers coastal low-lying areas
5. Damaged ecosystem that endanger fisheries
6. Danger of very serious air pollution
7. Increased danger of insect-born diseases
8. Increased threat of forest fires and very serious
floods
9. Forests turning to grasslands
10.Extremely serious shortages of water in parts of
Africa and Asia
Water - The World’s Next Crisis!
Water Shortage
The IPCC reports on climate change issued in 2007
warn that global warming will affect very seriously
the availability of water in the future. The Himalayan
glaciers are melting fast. This could lead to water
shortages for hundreds of millions of people. The
glaciers that regulate the water supply to Ganges,
Indus, Brahmaputra, Mekong, Thanklwin, Yangtze
and Yellow Rivers are believed to be retreating at a
rate of about 10 to 15 metres each year. It is estimated
that 500 million people on the planet live in countries
critically short of water, and by 2025, the above
number will leap to 3 billion. According to Sachs
(2008), several regions of the world primed for real
trouble are:
• The Sahel region in Africa
• The horn of Africa
• Israel-Palestine areas
• The Middle-East, Pakistan and Central Asia
• The Indo-Gangetic Plains
• The North China Plain
• The southwest of the U.S.A. and Mexico
• Murray-Darling Basins in Australia
According to the Pacific Institute for Studies in
Development and Security, water shortages have
risen in recent years across the southwest and
northwest of the U.S.A. These have also occurred in
India, China and Africa. As a result, some industrial
plants had to close or had disruptions.
For example, in 2004, in the southwest Indian state of
Kerala, PepsiCo Inc. and Coco-Cola Co. plants were
ordered closed amid drought-induced water
shortages. Once again, the U.S.A. is the world leader
in water usage as shown below:
Continent Water Consumption
litres/day
North America 600
Europe 300
Africa 30
Water Wastage
In spite of the looming water crisis in the not too
distant future, there is a huge wastage of water
worldwide. For example, 9.5 billion litres of water it
would take to support 4.76 billion people of their daily
needs as set by the United Nations. On the other
hand, currently 9.5 billion litres of water are being
used to irrigate the world’s golf courses.
Furthermore, there seems to be no end in sight for the
building of new golf courses, especially in China and
Southeast Asia and, to a lesser extent, in India.
Irrigation and Water Table
The intense irrigation has a dramatic effect on the
water tables. For example, the number of bore holes
that pump irrigation water to India’s farmland was
10,000 in 1960, and the number increased to
20,000,000 in 2007. This has caused declines of water
tables from 100 to 150 meters in some places.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 21
Energy Type and Water Consumption
The consumption of water differs for different type of energy sources as shown below. This includes water consumed during extraction, refining and power plant operation.
*From: Journal of Policy Engagement (Canada) Vol. 2, No.
1 January 2010 (Data are for U.S.A. only)
Portland Cement and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
During its Manufacturing
Portland Cement Production
Ordinary portland cement is a major construction material worldwide, and will remain so for the foreseeable future (Table 3). The net cement production is expected to rise from about 1.4 billion tonnes in 2000 to about 3 billion tonnes in 2010. (These figures can change depending upon the economy of the world). The major increases will take place in China and India, and to a lesser extent in the former Soviet Union. In the U.S.A., it is expected that the cement production will increase from about 100 million tonnes in year 2000 to about 130 million tonnes in 2010. In view of the huge tonnage involved, it is imperative that the manufacturing of cement be made as environmentally friendly as possible.
Table 3 - Production of Cement/Population/GDP
of Selected Countries - 2008 (Estimates)
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the
Manufacturing of Portland Cement
Not only is the manufacturing of portland cement
highly energy intensive, it also is a significant
contributor of the greenhouse gases. As mentioned
earlier, the production of one tonne of cement
contributes about 1 tonne of CO2 to the atmosphere,
together with minor amount of NOx and CH4. Even
though the amount of GHG other than CO2, is small,
these are much more damaging than the former. The
relative damage index of different GHG is given
below, with CO2 taken as one:
CO2 1x
Methane 20x
Nitrous Oxide 200x
Fluorine 15000x
The total CO2 emissions per tonne of cement can
range from about 1.1 tonne of CO2 from the wet
processing plants to about 0.8 tonnes from a plant
with precalcinators.
About half of the CO2 emissions are due to the
calcination of limestone and the other half are due to
the combustion of fossil fuels. The emissions from the
calcination of limestone are fairly constant at about
0.54 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of cement; the emissions
from the combustion depend on the carbon content
of the fuels being used and the fuel efficiency.
Global Perspective
Globally, in 1995, the production of cement was about
1.4 billion tonnes, thus emitting about 1.4 billion
tonnes of CO2 to the atmosphere. According to world
energy outlook 1995, issued by the International
Energy Authority (IEA), the worldwide Co2
emissions from all sources were 21.6 billion tonnes.
Thus, the worldwide cement production accounted
for almost 7 percent of the total world CO2 emissions.
This proportion is expected to remain steady for the
immediate future (Table 4). This implies that the
cement companies are not expecting the
emergenceof major environmentally friendly cement
manufacturing technologies in the near future.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 22
Table 4 - Worldwide Cement Production and CO2
Emissions
Table 5 - Developing Countries
Regional and World Cement Production to Year
2010* (million tonnes)
The infrastructure needs of the developing countries
have led to huge increases in demand for portland
cement (Table 5). This has led to the installation of a
large number of new cement plants in China and
India. For example, a new plant with a capacity of 2
million tonnes of clinker has just been commissioned
in India, and the plans are to double the capacity of
this plant to 4 million tonnes per year in the near
future, thus making it the world’s largest single
cement clinker plant [8]. Paradoxically, the above
countries are also installing huge coal-fired power
plants to supply electricity to meet the growing needs
of the population and manufacturing industries. For
example, it is anticipated that by year 2010, India will
double the capacity of the electric power generation
from what is being generated today, resulting in an
increase in fly ash availability to about 160 million
tonnes annually. ln that year, the portland cement
production is expected to reach 150 million tonnes.
Table 6 presents current production and anticipated
production for the world for portland cement, fly ash
and other cementitious and pozzolanic materials.
Table 6 - World-wide Production of Cement, Fly Ash
and Other Supplementary Cementing Materials
(Million Tonnes)*
It is evident from Table 6 that fly ash is, and will
remain the major supplementary cementing material
for years to come. It is, therefore, important that we
concentrate our major efforts for the increased use of
fly ash in concrete. Unfortunately, the much needed
industrial developments in China and India are
affecting adversely the environment in two ways. The
installation of new cement plants is increasing
substantially the CO2 emissions, and the
construction of very large capacity thermal power
stations is resulting in hugeamounts of CO2
emissions, in addition to the vast quantities fly ash
and bottom ash becoming available that are not being
recycled in any meaningful manner. A considerable
amount of the fly ash is being dumped in lagoons,
landfill sites and abandoned quarries. Thus,
potentially valuable cementing resources are being
wasted in precisely the countries that need it most to
reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, and to make
economical and durable concrete structures.
Role of Fly Ash and Other Supplementary
Cementing Materials in Reducing CO2 Emissions
Because of the very complex chemical composition of
portland cement clinker, one cannot expect the
emergence of major environmentally friendly
cement clinker manufacturing technologies in the
near future that can reduce CO2 emissions. This
leads us to the conclusion that the answer lies in
reducing the output of cement clinker, and the loss in
clinker production to be overcome by the use of fly
ash and other supplementary cementing materials
such as blast-furnace slag and rice-husk ash in
*Slag, silica fume, natural pozzolans, rice-husk ash, metakaolin
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 23
concrete. Also, fillers such as limestone powder are
being used increasing in E.U. countries.
Availability of fly Ash and Utilization Rate
Based on the fragmented information available, the
current annual production of fly ash is of the order of
900 million tonnes worldwide. The big producing
countries are China, India, and the U.S.A. In addition
to this, there are millions of tonnes of fly ash that have
been stockpiled over the years, and this is being
continued. It has been reported that in the U.K.
alone, 120 million tonnes could be recovered from the
stockpiles. The Wisconsin Energy, in Milwaukee,
U.S.A. is already doing so [9]. The utilization rate of
fly ash in concrete varies from country to country
(Table 7). In the U.S.A., fly ash is used as a separately-
batched material at concrete batch plants, where as
in Europe and India, fly ash blended cements are
being produced for use in concrete. Currently, most
fly ash blended cements in India incorporate about
20 percent fly ash;however one company produces
some blended cement with about 30 percent fly ash.
*The above data include fly ash, bottom ash, and slag. For every
100 tonnes of fly ash, there are approximately 25 tonnes of bottom
ash and boiler slag. The above production and utilization rates
have been taken from published data and personal
communications. They are, at best, estimates only, and therefore
the margin of error could be as high as 10 percent.
Energy Sources and their Impact on GHG
Emissions Coal
Notwithstanding that coal-burning power plants
produce huge amounts of CO2 emissions, and are
environmentally unfriendly, it should be kept in
mind that for the foreseeable future, power needs of
the world especially China, India and the U.S.A., will
be met by the coal-burning power plants because
there are huge reserves of good quality coal available
worldwide, and the power
Fig. 3 - Projection of World Coal Use (Source: ASTM)
produced from these sources is still cheaper than
from other sources.Fig. 3 shows the projection of
world coal use indicating that the coals use will
increase from 5.5 billion tonnes in 2005 to about 7.0
billion tonnes in 2020. In 2002, the percentage of
electricity generated by coal in the U.S.A. was 51
percent and is believed that this will stay about the
same by 2025 (Fig. 4). To meet the additional electrical
capacity planned (327,000 megawatts) in China, India
and the U.S.A., these countries will need 562, 213 and
72 new coal-fired plants by year 2012. Thus it can be
safely stated that fly ash will be available in huge
quantities for at least up to year 2050.
Fig. 4 – Percentage of Electricity for Fuel type in the U.S.A.
The vast majority of the available fly ashes for use in
concrete are low-calcium fly ashes (ASTM C 618,
Class F), and are basically the by-product of burning
anthracite or bituminous coal. These fly ashes, in
themselves, possess little or no cementitious value,
but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of
moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 24
ordinary temperatures to form compounds
possessing cementitious properties. In recent years,
high-calcium (ASTM C 618, Class C) fly ash is being
marketed in the U.S., Canada, Poland, Greece, and
some other countries. These fly ashes are by-
products of burning lignite or sub-bituminous coal,
and have cementitious properties in addition to
being pozzolanic.
It should be mentioned that not all the available fly
ash is suitable for use in concrete. However,
technologies are available that can beneficiate those
fly ashes that fail to meet the fineness and carbon
content requirements, the two most important
parameters of a fly ash for use with cement in
concrete. These include removal of carbon by
electrostatic and floatation methods. Grinding and
air classification methods have been used to produce
fly ash with high fineness.
Nuclear Energy
Recently, a number of countries are reconsidering
the building of nuclear power plants to meet the
growing energy needs. These include the U.S.A.,
China, India, the U.K. and U.A.E. and South Korea.
The reasons for resurgence of nuclear power are
that they produce clean energy with little impact on
GHG emissions. This is only partly true. However,
there are huge problems associated with nuclear
power. First, the nuclear power plants take about 10
to 15 years to come on line and have huge cost over
runs and delayed delivery times. Furthermore, the
issues of disposal of nuclear waste remain
unresolved. A nuclear power plant under
construction in Finland had serious construction
problems, is way over budget and several years
behind schedule. In addition, with new nuclear
plants in developing countries, the chances of
unforeseen accidents and possible terrorist attacks
increase enormously.
According to T. Friedman, if tried to get all the new
clean energy from nuclear power we would need
between now and 2050 (13 trillion watts) just from
nuclear power, we would have to build 13,000 new
nuclear reactors or one reactor every day for the next
36 years – starting today.
Wind and Solar Power: Clean Energy Sources
These new clean energy technologies at present
provide very limited amount of power as shown in
Tables 8 and 9 for the wind power. Both of these
sources are considerably more expensive than
coalbased energy especially the solar-based power.
Where possible, both wind and solar energy sources
are a preferred option compared to the nuclear
energy.
Table - 8 Top Wind Power Additions in 2009
Sr. Country Capacity added (MW)
1 China 13,000
2 United States 9.922
3 Spain 2,459
4 Germany 1,917
5 India 1,271
6 Italy 1,114
7 France 1,088
8 Britain 1,077
9 Canada 950
10 Portugal 673
Table 9: Top Countries by Total Wind Power
Sr. Country Wind Capacity (MW)
1 United States 35,159
2 Germany 25,777
3 China 25,104
4 Spain 19,149
5 India 10,926
6 Italy 4,850
7 France 4,492
8 Britain 4,051
9 Portugal 3,535
10 Denmark 3,465
High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Technology
One of the major developments in the area of fly
ash utilization in concrete has been the technology
of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete by
Malhotra [10] and his associates at CANMET, Ottawa,
Canada. It is believed that in years to come, this
development
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 25
will affect profoundly the use of cement in concrete,
especially in India and China.
Other Supplementary Cementing Materials
In addition to fly ash, the other supplementary
cementing materials that are available in large
quantities and can be used to replace portland
cement in concrete include granulated, blast-furnace
slag, natural pozzolans, rice-husk ash, silica fume
and metakaolin. The worldwide production of
granulated, blast-furnace slag is only about 25
million tonnes per year. The rice-husk is not yet
available commercially, although the worldwide
potential is about 20 million tonnes. The use of
granulated blast-furnace slag in concrete has
increased considerably in recent years, and this
trend is expected to continue. Rice-husk ash, when it
becomes available commercially, will along with fly
ash and granulated blast-furnace slag, be the most
significant supplementary cementing material for
use as a partial replacement for portland cement in
concrete to reduce Co2 emissions. The use of natural
pozzolans is rather limited because of their high-
water demand when incorporated in concrete, and
the need for calcination. Both Mexico and Turkey
produce portland/ pozzolanic cements with cement
replacement levels of about 30 percent.
Silica fume, a highly pozzolanic material, is a by-
product of when silicon metal or ferro silicon alloys
are produced in smelters using electric arc furnaces.
The world-wide production is estimated to be
between 1.5 to 2 million tonnes. Its primary use is to
enhance the durability of concrete by making it less
permeable. It is normally not used as a cement
replacement material but is added to the concrete
mixture in addition to portland cement. Thus its
contribution to CO2 emission reduction is indirect
because durable structures require less repair and
maintenance. The performance of metakaolin in
concrete is like that of silica fume, but as metakaolin
is a manufactured product, unlike silica fume which
is a by-product, its use in concrete contributes very
little to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. No
data have been published on the amount of
metakaolin available, but it is believed to be of the
same order as silica fume. In 2008, a large plant
costing millions of dollars had started to produce
metakaolin in Saskatchewan, Canada.
Limestone fillers are being used increasingly in
Europe in the clinkering and grinding phase of
portland cement production; however, these have not
made any significant inroads in North America
because those are not by-product materials and there
are concerns as to the long-term durability of
concrete incorporating these fillers. Also, these fillers
do not offer the same kind of benefits as the fly ashes
in terms of pozzolanic activity and reduced
significantly expansion of concrete due to alkali-
aggregate reactions.
Role of Superplasticizers in reducing CO2
Emissions
There are two poss ib le ways in which
superplasticizers can be used to reduce cement
content in mixture proportioning, and thus
contribute to CO2 emissions reduction. These are:
(a) To produce concrete with very low water-to-
cement ratio. To achieve high-strength concrete, the
water content of the mixture is reduced while
maintaining the same cement content. The reduced
workability is compensated for by incorporating
superplasticizers. By this method, water reductions
of up to 30% have been achieved and concrete with
water-to-cement ratio as low as 0.28 has been
successfully placed. Thus, high performance, high-
strength concrete can be made without increasing
the cement content.
(b) To produce concrete with reduced cement
content.
Superplasticizers can be used to produce concrete
with reduced cement content while the water-to-
cement ratio is maintained constant. As in method
(a), the decrease in workability of concrete is
compensated for by incorporating super
plasticizers.
As mentioned earlier, superplasticizers are a vital
component of HVFA concrete in which more than 50
percent of portland cement can be replaced by fly ash
while still maintaining or increasing the strength and
durability characteristics of concrete.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 26
Global Trade in Fly Ash
Until recently, portland cement was indigenously
produced in every country and there was very little
international trade in this product. However, with
the advent of large multinational cement companies,
the portland has become an internationally traded
product. For example, the U.S.A. imports cement
from a large number of countries including Mexico,
Canada, and Spain. During the years 2002 to 2004,
the U.S.A. was importing between 15 and 20 million
tonnes of cement per year. Similarly fly ash is
becoming an internationally traded product. South
Africa and India are exporting some fly ash to the
Middle East. There is significant trade in fly ash
among European countries, and also between
Canada and the U.S.A. It is not unrealistic to assume
that in the foreseeable future, like portland cement,
large volumes of fly ash would be traded
internationally for use in concrete.
Tradeable Emission Rights and the Utilization of
Fly Ash
‘Tradeable emissions” refers to the economic
mechanisms that are expected to help countries
worldwide meet the stringent emission reduction
targets established by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.
It is being speculated that in the not too distant future
one tonne of emissions will have a trading value of
about $40 (U.S.), the current value being $25.00 (U.S.).
Thus, for example, if a country can replace 50 percent
of cement utilization by fly ash or slag, the country
would have saved about 50 percent of the CO2
emissions from reduced need for cement. For a
country that produces 100 million tonnes of cement
annually, this 50 percent replacement by fly ash
would amount to savings in CO2 emissions of 50
million tonnes. This, in turn, translates into a trading
value of 1,250 million dollars (U.S.) annually. One
must keep in mind that the value of the trading of
emission rights can fluctuate widely. However, given
the political and environmental pressures, the
utilization of fly ash will pay rich dividends. The
developed countries have a major stake in this issue.
If these countries can transfer fly ash utilization
technology to developing countries, and
demonstrate the actual reduction in the installation
of new cement plants in these countries, the former
countries can rightly claim CO2 emission credits.
How the Cement and Concrete Industry can
Contribute to Reduction of CO2 Emissions
There are a number of ways by which the cement and
concrete industry can contribute towards reducing
CO2 emissions. Some of these are:
• Use less concrete
• Use less portland cement
• Use more supplementary cementing materials
• Use less unit water content by using more water
reducers and superplasticizers
• Incorporate recycled aggregates in concrete
• Use stainless steel reinforcement in critical parts
of structures to make them more durable
• Where possible, specify strength acceptance
criteria on 56 or 91 days instead of 28 days; use
roller compacted concrete for pavements and
concrete gravity dams
• Use lightweight concrete where possible
• Develop self-compacting concrete incorporating
large volumes of fly ash instead of large volumes
of cement and viscosity enhancing chemicals such
as welan gum
• Design for durability instead of strength
Is Adaptation to Climate Change a Solution?
Once, adaptation to climate change was not
considered a solut ion. But recently the
environmentalists and economists are reconsidering
this approach. Here is a recent statement from Al
Gore, a former U.S.A. Vice-President and a Nobel-
Prize winner.
“I used to think adaptation subtracted from our efforts
on prevention, but I have changed my mind. Poor
countries are vulnerable and need our help.”
According to M. Bapna of the World Resources
Institute, Washington, D.C., it is already too late to
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 27
avert dangerous consequences, so we must learn to
adapt. But the question is who is going to pay for this
adaptation as it involves primarily very poor people
in poor and island countries. The magnitude of the
problem can be gagged from the data shown in Table
8. Thus for the immediate future, adaptation to
climate change is not very promising.
Concluding Remarks
Environmental issues associated with the CO2
emissions from the production of portland cement
demand that supplementary cementing materials in
general, and fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace
slag and rice-husk ash in particular, be used in
increasing quantities to replace portland cement in
concrete. Given the almost unlimited supply of good
quality fly ash worldwide, and the development of
technologies such as high-volume fly ash concrete, it
is proposed that the installation of new cement plants
should be avoided as much as possible. In addition,
the ageing portland cement plants should be phased-
out, and the resulting loss in capacity should be
compensated for by the use of supplementary
cementing materials.
The combined use of superplasticizers and
supplementary cementing materials can lead to
economical high-performance concrete with
enhanced durability. It is hoped that the concrete
industry would show leadership and resolve, and
make contributions to the sustainable development
of the industry in the 21st century by adopting new
technologies to reduce the emission of the
greenhouse gases, and thus contribute towards
meeting the goals and objectives of the1997 Kyoto
Protocol [12].
The following quotation from General Anthony C.
Zinni of the U.S. Army is an appropriate end to the
concluding remarks.
“We will pay for this one day or another. We will pay to
reduce green-house gas emissions today and we’ll
have to take an economic hit of some kind. Or we will
pay the price later in military terms. And that will
involve human lives…
Caveat
The statistics given in this paper are, at best,
estimates only, and have been collected from a variety
of sources; the margin of error could be as high as
10%.
Acknowledgement
This paper is based on various presentations made by
the author at a number of international seminars on
concrete technology and sustainability issues which
have been held recently in North America, Europe,
India and China.
References
[1] www.sternreview.org.uk
[2] The emissions by the end of 2010 are estimated to
be 38 billion tonnes. Note: Both terms
“tonnes” and “tons” have been used depending
upon the source of the data.
[3] Professor Eric Post, Penn. State University,
Globe & Mail, May 6 , 2002
[4] U.N. Report, Globe & Mail, August 15, 2002
[5] U.N. Report, Globe & Mail, August 15, 2002.
[6] U.N. Report, Globe & mail, August 15, 2002.
[7] From: J. Sachs, Globe and Mail, Sept. 13, 2008
[8] Anantharaman V.J. “India’s Largest” World
Cement, Vol. 33, No. 23, Dec. 2002 pp. 55-56
Note: Recent estimates indicate that total CO2
emissions have already reached more than 36.5
billion tonnes.
[9] Personal communication from Bruce Ramme,
Wisconsin Energy, Milwaukee, U.S.A.
[10] Malhotra, V.M., and Mehta, P.K., High-Volume
Fly Ash Concrete: Materials, Mixture
Proportions, Construction Practice, and Case
Histories, Third Edition 2008, 142 pp. (Available
from: Supplementary Cementing Materials for
Sustainable Development Inc., Ottawa, Canada,
K1Y 2B3).
[11] The Economist, September 13, 2008
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 28
[12] This protocol ends in 2012; hopefully new
protocol with new objectives would be in place
by then.
Recommended Reading
[1] Flannery, Tim, “The Weather Makers”, 2005.
[2] Jaccard, Mark, “Sustainable Fossil Fuels”, 2005.
[3] Gore, Al, “An Inconvenient Truth”, 2006.
[4] Caldicott, Helen, “Nuclear Power is not the
Answer”, 2006.
[5] International Panel on Climate Change: Reports
Issued in 2007-2008.
[6] Sachs, Jeffrey, D., “Economics for Crowded
Planet: Commenwealth”, 2008.
[7] Walker, Gabrielle and King, David, “The Hot
Topic: What we can do About Global Warming”,
2008.
[8] Krupp, Fred and Horn, Miriam, “Earth: The
Sequel; the Race to Reinvent and Stop Global
Warming”, 2008.
[9] Lawson, Nigel, “An Appeal to Reason: A Look at
Global Warming”, 2008.
[10] Broecken, Wallace, S. and Kunzig, Robert,
“Fixing Climate: What Past Climate Changes
Reveal About the Current Threat and How to
Counter It”, 2008.
[11] Friedman, Thomas L., “Hot, Flat and Crowded:
Why we Need a Green Revolution-and How it
Can renew America” Publisher, Farrard, Straus,
and Giroux, New York, 2008.
Selected Seminar Papers
ICI Update – January 2011 29
Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal Centre
The Indian Concrete Institute MP Bhopal Centre and UltraTech Cement Limited organized a workshop on “Sustainable Concrete Pavement” on 08th January 2011 at Hotel Fortune Pride at Indore. About 200 delegates representing
Institutions; Government works departments, M.P. Housing Board, Indore Development Authority, Indore Municipal Corporation; Contractors and Industries took part in the workshop.
Concrete Day 2010
[Seated on the dais are (from left to right) Special Guest of the function; Shri Binod Kumar, Senior Scientist, CRRI, New Delhi, Speaker of the workshop; Prof. A.K. Tiwari, Vice President (North), ICI & Assistant Vice President (Technical), Grasim Industries Ltd.
New Delhi; Shri Yogendra Sharma, Commissioner, Indore Municipal Corporation and the Chief Guest of the Workshop; and Dr J.S. Chouhan, President, ICI MP Bhopal Centre & Professor and Head Civil Engg. Department, S.A.T.I. (Engg. College) Vidisha]
Commissioner, Indore Municipal Corporation, Shri Yogendra Sharma was the Chief Guest and Prof. A.K. Tiwari, Vice President (North), ICI & Assistant Vice President (Technical), Grasim Industries Ltd. New Delhi was the special guest on this occasion.
Dr J.S. Chouhan, while deliberating the welcome speech, explained about the importance and relevance of the topic. He emphasized that the poor durability of bituminous pavements not only affect the growth of the nation as a whole but also put an extra burden on the limited availability of natural resources and funds.
Prof. A.K. Tiwari informed the audience about various activities of ICI organized at local, national and international platform. He invited the participation of maximum number of stake holders in the endeavors of the ICI in dissemination of the information and promoting of best construction practices in Indian construction Industry by joining the institute as its life member.
Chief Guest of the function, Shri Yogendra Sharma, in his inaugural speech emphasized on the need of a durable and long lasting pavements. Recognizing the benefits of concrete pavements over the
ICI Update – December 2010 01ICI Update – December 2010 14ICI Update – December 2010 26
News from Centres
ICI Update – January 2011 30
traditional bituminous pavement, he stressed on the need of a team of well trained construction workers and state-of-the-art machineries to ensure the durability of the concrete pavements.
Shri Binod Kumar, Senior Scientist, CRRI, New Delhi delivered his presentation on “Design of Concrete Pavement”. The presentation was well structured and covered almost all the important aspects of the design of the concrete pavement.
Shri M.C. Venktesh, Chief Consultant, L.R. Kadiyali Associates, delivered a technical presentation on “Sustainable Cost Effective Options for Pavements” and shared several case studies related with design and construction of concrete pavements. He also touched upon the defects in concrete pavements, their causes and remedies.
Prof A.K.Tiwari delivered a presentation on “Thin
White Topping” . In his deliberation he discussed in
detail about Thin White Topping , which was a
rehabilitation option used for many years on airport
pavements, highways, secondary roads, and other
pavements.
Er. A.K. Jain Secretary, ICI, MP Bhopal Centre &
OSD, Directorate of Technical Education, M.P.
compeered the programme and Shri Rakesh Baliya,
Regional Head-Marketing, UltraTech Cement
Limited, Indore proposed the vote of thanks.
A.K. Jain
Hon. Secretary,
ICI MP Bhopal Centre
ICI Update – December 2010 01ICI Update – December 2010 14ICI Update – December 2010 26
News from Centres
ICI Update – January 2011 31
EXCEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Excel Engineering College, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal District inaugurated the ICI Students' Chapter on 22nd
December 2010. Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI Headquarters was the Chief Guest and
inaugurated the Chapter. During his speech, he explained the benefits to the students of ICI Chapter and the role
of ICI in disseminating the knowledge on making Good Concrete. Mr.K.Jayasankar, Chairman, ICI-TN Chennai
Centre presided over the function and gave a special lecture on 'Making Good Concrete'. Prof.Dr.A.K.Natesan,
Hon. Chairman, Excel Group of Institutions, Dr.R.Malathy, Principal, Excel Engineering College, Dr.Bommanna
Raja, Principal, College of Engineering for Women, spoke on the occasion. Mr.Madhan Karthik, Vice-Chairman,
Excel Group of Institutions, H.O.Ds of Civil Engineering Department of both the Engineering Colleges and
Lecturers and students participated in the event. Membership certificates were presented to the students.
Chief Guest Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI being felicitated
Lighting the lamp by K. Jayasankar, Chairman ICI-TNC Centre
Inauguration of the Student Chapter
Student Chapters
ICI Update – January 2011 32
Student Chapters
An awareness camp on “Occupational Health & Safety” was organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of M.P.N.M.J Engineering College, Chennimalai on 20.12.2010 at 10.30 a.m in the college conference hall The Correspondent Mrs. Vasantha Sudhanandhen presided over the function. In her presidential address, she insisted the students the need to develop the additional skills apart from enriching their
subject knowledge, especially in the field of engineering.
For this beneficial programme Mr. M.Krishnamoorthy, the Client Manager, BSI India was the Chief Guest. In his key note address he talked elaborately on the loss (both life and money) and damages occurring at the construction sites. He also spoke on the precautionary and preventive measures to be taken by undergoing special training and stressed the need to get
certified in this special training on safety offered by BSI in this regard.
Principal Mr. S.Shanmugasundaram offered felicitation for the success of the spectacular event. Earlier Prof.A.Gopalan, Head of Civil Engineering Department welcomed the gathering and vote of thanks was given by Prof.R.Kavidha of Civil Engineering Department.
Principal
Seated from left to right : Mr.Sabarinathan, Mr.A.Gopalan, Mr.S.Shanmugasundaram, Mr.K.G.Parthiban, Mr.C.Karthikeyan, Mr.S.D.Sabhapathy, Mr.M.P.Thiruvenkata Suresh and Mr.S.Ravi
ICI Update – January 2011 33
New Members
(December)
Individual
M.no. Name Place
9081 N. K. Raju Perumbavoor
9086 Meril George Ernakulam
9091 Nilesh Ganesh Pawar Pune
Individual Life Members
9068 H. S. Prakash Kumar Bengaluru
9069 J. S. Ravishhankkar Chennai
9070 M. Saradha Chennai
9071 S. Devanandan Erode
9072 S. Venkatesan Erode
9073 Badarla Pandu Ranga Rao Hyderabad
9074 G. Sivakumar Chennai
9075 Amarnath Nayak Sambalpur
9076 Brian Davies Pune
9077 V. Sowjanya Vani Srikakulam
9078 H. A. Vachhani Bhopal
9079 S. Subbiah Ilamvazhuthi Theni
9080 P. Ramadoss Puducherry
9082 Salomon P. Paul Ernakulam
9083 P. K. Sivakumar Kanyakumari
9084 Anitha G. Pillai Ernakulam
9085 Simi Sebastian Irinjalakuda
9087 H. Sindhu Ernakulam
9088 Sanju Sreedharan Ernakulam
9089 Singh Pradeep Badebabu Navi Mumbai
9092 Manish Bhatia Chandigarh
9093 Sanjeev Sharma Shimla
9094 Manoj Kumar Gupta Shimla
9095 Amandeep Singh Sodhi Bathinda
9096 Ajay Kumar Kangra
9097 Suresh Kumar Arora Jalandhar
9098 Vijay Kumar Ludhiana
9099 Deepesh Sharma Karnal
9100 M. Ashok Kumar Dhoke Jahangirabad
ICI Update – January 2011 34
New Members
9101 Subramanyam Itta Chennai
9102 Gandage Abhijeet Siddappa Pune
9103 Paresh H. Shah Ahmedabad
9104 V. Satish Kumar Mumbai
9105 Virendra Singh Bhartiya Gurgaon
9106 Bynene Reddappa Naidu Tirupathi
9107 Shashank Bishnoi New Delhi
Organizational Life Member
9090 M/s Vishwas Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru
Individual Fellowship
3724 S. Annamalai Chennai
ICI Update – January 2011 35