Post on 25-Feb-2016
description
NEWS AND JOURNALISM
4 APRIL
COMP 381
Topics How people get the news What is a journalist? Digital manipulation
How People Get the News
Info in America 2008 Percentage of Americans who use Internet
for…socializing 80%medical information 60%financial decisions 50%news 40%
Average American: 34 GB data per day¼ Computer; ½ TV; ¼ otheron computer, video 75% (time)
Produce Faster than ProcessOne weekday edition of New York Times MORE INFORMATION than 17th-century Englander learned in a lifetime!
Television Sound Bites 1995 8.3 sec 1965 42.3 sec
Are we REALLY better informed?
Scientific Information Publications (logarithmic scale!)
Nine in ten American adults (92%) get news/info from multiple
platforms on a typical day
For six in ten American adults (59%), one of those platforms is the internet
*Platforms include print newspapers, television, radio and the internet
Multiple Platforms are the Norm
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
71% of American adults ever get news or information online
The majority of ONC are under age 50
Compared to other adults, ONC are…• more educated• more affluent• disproportionately white and Hispanic• more likely to have broadband
Almost a third are under age 30
The median age of ONC is 40
Who Gets Their News Online?
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
% of ONC Who Use Each Type of Site on a Typical Day
Most Popular Online Sources for News and Information
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
Most Popular Online News Topics
% of Online Adults Who Get News/Information Online About Each Topic
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
Overall Coverage51% of U.S. adults say there is currently enough coverage of religion and
spirituality
41% would like more coverage of religion
The only topic that more people want improved
coverage of is scientific news and discoveries
Most Popular Features of Online News Sites
% of ONC Who Say Each Feature is Important
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
The most popular
features allow people to
interact with, share, and
customize their news. This is especially true
for young adults.
How many websites, if any, do you routinely rely on for news
and information?
Do you have a favorite online news source, or do you not
have a favorite?
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
Most People Get News from Multiple Sites
How many websites, if any, do you routinely rely on for news
and information?
Do you have a favorite online news source, or do you not
have a favorite?
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
Most People Get News from Multiple Sites
Only 7% of all people who get news online have a favorite online news source they would
be willing to pay for
Four Styles of Online News Consumption
Efficient Grazers Most use multiple sites, and portals rank high as a favorite online news
feature
Hunters and Gatherers 71% go online specifically to get
news/information at least a few times a week
Serendipitous News Discoverers 80% come across news/information at least a few times a week while they are
online doing other things
News/Info Receivers 44% get news forwarded to them
through email, automatic updates and alerts, or posts on social networking
sites at least a few times a week
Based on Jan 2010 Pew Internet Survey
Who is a Journalist?
Questions Who are (and are not) journalists? Transparency and bias
In 2008, 184 million new blogs (26.4 U.S.)> 50% gone in 1 month1.3 billion links1 million daily posts
364 million people read blogs (>100 U.S.) 95% top newspapers have reporter blogs Miniblogs Technorati
Blogosphere Statistics
First there were bulletin boards (Usenet) First diarist
1994: Justin Hall, student at Swarthmore College
Name1997 Jorn Barger weblog1999 Peter Merholz blogs
Popularity based on toolsEarly blogs HTML, webmaster1999 tools and hosting sites
History of Blogs
“Professional”Citizen JournalismNews extension
○ NY TimesBusiness?
Personal Celebrities
Professional v. Personal Blog
Blogging “People who have an opinion, a modem, and a bathrobe“
Brian Williams, NBC news anchor Independent No regulation Code of conduct
Credibility and trust Journalism
News medium Laws and standards
Bloggers vs. Journalists
Honesty and transparencyAvoid plagiarizing and inaccuracies Sources
Harm minimizationRespect for individuals
Accountability Admit mistakesIntent and disclosuresEthical responsibility
Code of Conduct
Considerations Freedom of speech
Cahill vs. Doe Risks
ConfrontationImprisonment
CredibilityPersonal, not institutional Earned, not given
Jayson Blair
Dan Rather
Wikipedia Not about lying, but transparency
Who are you?What is your agenda?Are you paid by someone?
When you go to a good website, you know who they are and what they care about
Wikileaks (as publishers) Journalists? What is the definition? What are the responsibilities?
Digital Manipulation
Photo Manipulation NOT New Long history Used to be …
harder easier to detect
Vanity
Political Benefit
Today Availability Detection
Content, not technique Examples
ShadowsBad editingSizeAngles
Opinion Making
John Kerry - Peace Rally, Mineola, NY (June 1971)
Jane Fonda - Political Rally, Miami Beach, FL (August 1972)
Dramatic Effect
Technical Limitations