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UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF LEARNING
T301-Network Design
A2- Research Assignment
Abirakavendran Mohankrishnaa
5/27/2012
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Server Virtualization:
Server virtualization is a combination of server resources which includes the name and
number of the distinct processors, OS, Physical servers from the users of main server. It is
technology in which the administrator with the help of an application splits the one main
server into multiple virtual servers in separate environment. These environments are
known as virtual private servers. The contents of the server cant be seen by the user.
There are three different models in server virtualization Virtual machine model, Para-
virtual machine model and Virtualization at OS layer. It can be seen as a new technology in
the field of IT which contains management of workload, storage and network
virtualization . Its an emerging trend in self managing computing model which server is
able to manage itself on the activity which is recognized before (Server Virtualization,
2005).
Figure 1 : (Server virtualization, 2009)
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Server virtualization popularity:
These are the reason for server virtualization getting popular.
Low Cost:
Server virtualization uses less nos. of physical servers which minimize the cost and reduces
the maintenance cost of the hardware. This is one of the best advantage of this technology
(the-advantages-of-using-virtualization-technology-, 2008) .
Disk space:
It allows the administrator to partition a unit of data in a database and increase the space
which are available on servers and other Virtual machines (the-advantages-of-using-
virtualization-technology-, 2008).
System Reliability:
It has the capacity to accommodate more than one OS in a single physical server which has
many benefits for the organization and also help to avoid crash in the system due to error
in memory which is caused by a drivers as its implemented in server on its local machines.
It also helps to maintain the server (the-advantages-of-using-virtualization-technology-,
2008).
Disaster recovery:
Three important components are present in virtualization when it comes to disaster
recovery solution. Firstly, server virtualization offers the capacity to separate the
hardware from same vendor or server model to which its connected, we can be able to
change the dependency from one to another vendor incase of disaster . Its not required for
the disaster recovery site to keep hardware which matches the production environment
and also it saves money by getting a hardware for cheap in disaster recovery site which
rarely uses. Secondly, combining more servers into few physical machine so that a
company can build same sites at low-cost . Finally, virtualization platforms in most of the
firms will have a software which have the capability to switch over automatically to a
redundant or a server when disaster occur, even the same software provides the test
regard to root cause of the failover (benefits-server-virtualization, 2011).
Testing:
We can use virtualization for testing purpose . eg for an software developer, the softwarecan be tested with the help of virtualization by installing it into selected OS and check the
functionality of his software ,it might affect the particular OS not the main OS, this is one of
the main advantage for software industry . Server virtualization is also used to test the
network protocol which helps us to become a network engineer by creating more than one
virtual machines and joining each of this virtual machines in to same network ,as if they are
individual PCs (Advantages of server virtualization, 2010) .
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Snapshots:
Snapshots in virtualization helps to reduce the risks as the server OS is secured in a
hypervisor, so we can take a copy of the current configuration and boost it by updating . If
the update fails ,with the help of the snapshot we can back to the original condition, thus it
reduces the risk level when making a wrong changes to the basic of its structure as its
much easier to rollback (server-virtualization-benefits, 2010).
The above discussed are the reason why server virtualization is gaining popularity.
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure
It is the method of hosting the operating system on the desktop based on a server which is
centralized and runs within a virtual machine.VDI is a server based model which resideson server in data center . These OS are accessed by the users from Client PCs or through
thin client by accessing remotely and it offers the features which are available in the server
and it looks as if softwares are installed in the local PCs. It offers features administrating
the desktop, reduces the tasks of management, data ,backup are secured centrally and we
can add, delete, upgrade and patch the applications. In this architecture server contains a
separated hardware layer for virtualization and allows user to run settings, OS and
applications which are loaded in server, as the server acts like each user has their own
interface for desktop (virtual_desktop_infrastructure, 2010) (VDI, 2011).
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Figure 2 : (VDI Structure)
Advantages of VDI:
It allows user to have more customized experience . Users can access different Operating
system at same time ,applications and it allows users to have their own computer interface
as a datas are stored in the server ,it enables each users to access individually (advantages-
virtual-desktops, 2009).
Cost:
One of the best benefits of using VDI is the cost, It reduces the cost of spending more
money in buying a new PCs for the employee who requires one for each operating system,
Instead of this organization can invest in using virtual desktop client and allow users to
access thin clients in a small affordable computer which are developed and designed to run
a desktop virtually. This will help the organization to save more money during the system
up gradation and consumes less power (virtual_desktop_infrastructure, 2010).
Management:
As the desktops are managed centrally it is easier for the administrator to check the
application installed and used in desktop ,monitor the works done by employees and also
we can control which programs can be used by the employees at work. By installing VDI its
more efficient than going around the office to check the employees how they are using the
office PCs (advantages-virtual-desktops, 2009) (virtual_desktop_infrastructure, 2010).
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Security:
It is the Key factor of VDI, user have control over how to secure the desktop and allows the
ability to lock the image of the desktop from copying the data in the image to local PCs or
from the external devices. This is advantage for the remote user as the important
information are stored in servers and not in any devices, even if the device is stolen the
datas are secured (benefits-of-virtual-desktop-infrastructure, 2009).
Utility:
It comforts its users in some cases like providing access to the any PCs inside a building
for its employees or management, administrators can control and decide what application
are allowed on the PCs for the use of employees , can check the works done by employees.
Before the implementation of virtual desktop it was difficult for the companies to manage
if any one of its Pcs goes down but now even any PCs shuts down other system are able to
perform the functions done by the fault system.
Disadvantages of VDI:
Users are not able to install their own application and have less ability to customize the
PCs .It occupies more disk space as it need to store the changes made for the users. It
consumes more memory space as the system uses many individual copies of OS at the
same time (group-policy-for-vdi, 2011).
Biggest challenge of VDI is printing a document remotely to a PC attached locally.
Synchronization of PDA is not supported ,For better functioning they require VDI skilled
staff and knowledge with terminal services and RDP is not encouraged. Graphics designdoesnt support some display protocols . It has difficulty in running some application like
multimedia, flash based web pages and designs aided by computer (research-vid-or-not-to-
vdi, 2010).
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Major Vendors:
These are some of the major vendors of VDI
Figure 3 : (Vendors of Virtualization, 2011)
VMware:
It is the global leader in virtualization technology and it offers customer-proven solution
which speed up the IT by providing more flexibility and reduces the complication. It is the
dominating vendor not only in server virtualization ,also in desktop level virtualization too.
It enables the organization to adopt cloud model which speaks about individual business
challenges. VMwares working quicken the passage to cloud computing which conserve the
already existing investment and increase the control and data security (Vmware, n.a).Its
still remain dominant because of its new ideas ,products and strategic partnership(Virtualization-Technology, 2010) . strengths of using VMware are Low total cost of ownership
is the main advantage and merge easily with most of the IT infrastructure. Deployment is easy and
it incorporates active directory (desktop_virtualization_top_vendors, 2010).It enables to use more
than one CPU on a SMP system and also to start/stop/pause the virtual machines from local PCs.
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Figure 4: (virtualreality, 2009)
Citrix:It is one of the major application of virtualization and also runs the most used cloud software XEN,
which uses Xen server. Xen Desktop is the main product of Citrix which creates virtual desktop. Itchanges windows desktops and applications completely into most important service needed to the
clients on any device by authenticating through a smartcard support. They can access their desktop
in any devices, doesnt matter about the capacity of the end device . If any thin client didnt support
to run the desktop they can run remotely and sent it through screen scraping technology. It enables
to deliver its application safely to Virtual desktops, PCs, Macs ,tablets smart phone s and laptops
(Virtualization-Technology, 2010).Strengths are flexible, ecosystem , multiple virtualization servers
and different endpoint of operating systems are supported, Wide area network Performance is
strong (desktop_virtualization_top_vendors, 2010).
Figure 5 : (Citrix Infrastructure)
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Microsoft :
Microsoft is one among the major vendors in virtualization. It presents a Virtual software
as free ware to run in windows platforms and other OS as virtual machines. VDI inMicrosoft is an stand-in delivery model which offers a safe access and a desktop which is
managed centrally form a data centre. It allows users to access the desktop from any
secured end device, and have the capacity to be rich even at the time of disaster (windows
enterprise_products-and-technologies_virtualization, 2010). Strengths , Microsoft makes VDI
more adaptable to work anywhere from the world by serving an centrally managed server and
allowing to access through authorized system, Easy to manage, offers quick switching of OS,
Compatibility and easy to manage.
Figure 6 : (Microsoft vdi-diagram, 2010)
Microsofts Hyper-V vs VMwareESX/vSphere
Hyper-V :
Its a Virtualization technology introduced by Microsoft and supported by License Metric
Tool application. Its an server hypervisor which allows the combination of a physicalserver into multiple virtual servers and enables the host server to share its hardware
resources (MS-hyper-v, n.a).Hyper-V provides virtualization of Management software and
Microsoft virtualization which makes the job easier for the customers to view the present
hardware assets of server and to carry them whether to a public cloud or private cloud
(Microsoft-Hyper-V-, 2009). It is available as standalone or in addition with Windows
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server 2008, Microsoft developed this software to reduce the cost of buying an whole
physical server and to improve the use of server.
Figure 7 : (Hyper-V Architecture, 2008)
VMware ESX/vSphere:
It is an enterprise level product of VMware to manage the data centers. This platform has
two version ESX server and ESXi server . The main feature of this product is that it enables
customers to have many branches of server by installing this software in virtual machines
or on servers (VMware_ESX, 2009). It helps the small number of system to improve their
functionality by increasing the volume of its network and range of available services ,on the other
side by reducing the quantity of hardware required (vmware-esx-host, 2011).
Since both Hyper-V and ESX are based on hypervisor they are implemented straightly on
the hardware and it doesnt require any OS to perform properly. In ESX, the hypervisor is
established on the hardware which is between the virtual machines and hardware which
acts like a server. Hardware used in this model is known as direct driven model. In Hyper-v
hypervisor is set up in bare metal, root partition which manages the entry and functions to
the hardware runs in the server 2008.Here , it install above the hardware and the original
Operating System are places in the special virtual machine i.e root partition. The root
partition can choose either Server core or Windows server 2008 and its main function is to
check the hardware input/output request received from child partition, this type of model
is known as indirect driven model (comparison-between-vmware-esx-and-microsoft-
hyper-v, 2011).
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Similarities and Differences
1. Microsofts Hyper-v is microkernalized so it has greatly advanced hypervisorwhere as ESX is only monolithic hypervisor ,so Hyper-V has greater performance
than VMwares ESX/Sphere as it has more influence on hardware emulation ,which
makes it slower.
2. Both ESX and Hyper-v supports 32bits and 64bits hosts (difference-between-vmware-and-hyper-v, 2010).
3. 64GB Memory per guest OS can be used in both ESX and Hyper-v (comparison-between-vmware-esx-and-microsoft-hyper-v, 2011).
4. Both supports Raw device mapping (difference-between-vmware-and-hyper-v,2010).
5.
Single management console is not possible for VMware servers as it requiresmultiple console, single console can be achieved through hyper-v using Hyper-v
manager.
6. VMware ESX/vSphere server has high power and stability when comparing toHyper-v. (Microsoft-hyper-v-vs-vmware-esx, 2011)
7. Maximum memory supported for the host in ESX is 256GB whereas in Hyper-V its2TB (difference-between-vmware-and-hyper-v, 2010).
8. Considering about price , hyper-v is much cheaper than VMware ESX/vSphere. Toset up ESX/vSphere will cost around $27,000 where as to implement MicrosoftsHyper-V it cost around $9500 which includes 4 guest server 2008 licenses and a
Microsoft system center (Strategy_Virtualization, 2011).
9. In Hyper-v Virtually switches are unlimited, ESX/vSphere has only 248 switches10.Hyper-V holds up through third party drivers ,in ESX its present originally.11.Vmware ESX/vSphere is software based technology and Hyper-V is software based
technology
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Advantages that Citrix offers overWindows Server 2003 Terminal Services
Terminal services is offered by Microsoft server version and it have the proficiency to host
more than one client session remotely, uses remote desktop protocol. Citrix is an
application similar to terminal services but offers more functionalities and features than
Microsoft, It uses ICA protocol. Let us see advantages of citrix over terminal service.
Citrix supports features like load balancing, compressing the data and managing efficiently
which is needed for the big firms whereas Microsofts Terminal Service offers less features
so it is suitable for small firms (windows-terminal-server-2003-and-citrix-comparison,
2009). Citrix can easily use applications or published desktop through a web interface but
Terminal services needs an add-on program to use this. One of the best advantage of citrixis that the it can publish an application on the client desktop and it provides the same user
experience as if an application is installed on their own desktop but actually it runs from
the server user, it also offers users to copy and paste the data from local and published
applications. On the other hand terminal service offers only RDP capabilities (difference-
between-the-terminal-server-and-citrix-server, 2012). Pass through authentication is possible in
Citrix where as in Terminal service validation is possible only in Vista OS, if the user uses other than
vista in terminal service requires to sign manually. Installing Terminal services to other Operating
system is not supported by Microsoft but it has client support to Mac and Linux where as Citrix
provides services to Solaris, UP-UX and IBM-AIX and has wide range of client support. Microsofts
RDP protocol doesnt support the high frame rate and displaying full-motion video but citrix ICAprotocol supports the application which have high data frame rate even it supports CAD
applications. In Windows Terminal service user can access all the application but in citrix users
cannot access every application as we can assign security to selective users. Citrix provides good
technological support than Microsoft terminal service for the devices like ActiveSync and TWAIN
which are present in clients hardware. Citrix and Terminal services has the capacity to support any
number of users rely on the platform used. Citrix has added two new technology they are Memory
Optimization which helps to use the memory anywhere in the system and CPU management which
helps the user to manage CPU utilization. Terminal services support single sign-on technology but
its a challenging one to install and make it function properly as it doesnt support the needs of the
enterprise where as Citrix is far away from TS , along with sign-on technologies it has support to
access smart-cards in more matured manner (terminal-services-vs-citrix, 2011).
Thus , the above discussion proves how citrix is more advantageous than Windows server
2003 terminal services.
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