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Lesson 4:Network Operations
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Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Enumerate the functions of a Network Operating
System (NOS). Identify the components of a network operating
system.
Identify the elements of client software.
Identify the elements of server software. Understand the functioning of network services.
Familiarize with the printing procedure on thenetwork.
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Objectives (contd.)
Develop a solution for interoperability in a multi-vendor environment.
Differentiate between centralized computing andclient/server computing.
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Network Operating System
Has all the features of a stand-alone operatingsystem
Offers a lot of facilities in a complexenvironment
Is responsible for:
Directing data traffic through the network
Allowing and preventing access to data Preventing access to data files while they are
being processed
Managing the flow of information between avariety of workstations
Managing requests for printer services
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Network Operating System
(contd.)
Managing communication and messagesbetween network user
Managing connections between the network andremote sites
Has the following components:
Client software
is the network software that is installed on theclients
Server software
is the network software that is installed on theservers
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Redirector
Is a component of the client software
Is also referred to as a shell or a requester
Is a small part of the network system that:
Intercepts requests in the computer
Determines if:
the local computer can service the requests
the request needs to be forwarded to anotherserver
Designator
Makes it unnecessary for the users to knowabout the actual location of data
Sends requests to computers or peripherals
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Windows 2000 domain controller ties the network together
Windows 2000
domain controller
Windows 2000 Professional
File andprint server
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Server Software
Allows users on the other machines to sharethe servers data and peripherals including:
Shared directories
PrintersPlotters
Disks
Determines the degree of sharing which
include: Allowing different users different levels of
access to the resources
Coordinating access to the resources to make
sure that two users do not use the sameresource
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Server Software (contd.)
Assists the network administrator to determinewho will be able to use the network
Can be used to:
Create user privileges
Validate user names and passwords at the timeof logging on
Grant or revoke user privileges on the network
Add or remove users
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Windows Installation
Installation requires the, following parameters tobe followed:
Hardware compatibility
Server naming information
Hard disk partitioning
Network adapter card settings TCP/IP installation information
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Domain
Is a logical grouping of computers to simplifyadministration
Users log on to a central computer called thedomain controller
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Partitioning
Is the process of dividing the hard disk intopartitions
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TCP/IP
Is the default protocol for a Windows 2000Server installation
Installation requires the user to provideinformation like:
IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
2000 Server configuration
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IP Address
Is divided into a:
Network ID Host ID
Has a network ID that:
Identifies all hosts on the same physical
networkHas a host ID that:
Identifies a specific host on a network
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Subnet Mask and DefaultGateway
Subnet Mask
Distinguishes the network ID portion from thehost ID portion
Default Gateway
Is the peripheral to which Internet protocolsends packets
That are destined for remote machines
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ServerConfiguration
TCP/IP settings:
Can be specified to configure the serverbelonging to a large network that uses:
TCP/IP
DHCP protocols
Indicate that the server must query a centralserver for the settings
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Network Services
Are a group of application programs that arerequired by the NOS to run the network
Installed by default are: Alerter services
that notify administrators of various alerts
Event log services that record in the event log
system eventssecurity events
program events
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Network Services (contd.)
Messenger services that manage messages sentby the::
administrator
alerter services
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Network Printer
Sends the data to be printed to the print server
Where it is stored in a print spooler
Receives the data from the print server Enables printing which involves:
Redirection of the print job from the local printerport to the network cable with the aid of the
redirector Retrieval of the print job by the print server
Sending the job to the print queue with otheritems
Can be used by users who have the permission
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Data to be printed goes first to the printer server
Redirector
Workstation
PrintServer
Printer
RDR
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Multi-Vendor Environment
Is created when clients on a network havevarious operating systems
Can have interoperability at
Either server end
Or client end
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Windows NT Server supporting clients from multiple vendors
Windows 2000Server
Windows NT
NovellNetWare
Apple
Macintosh
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The Client Solution
Requires different redirectors to be implemented
Which enable different computers tocommunicate with different types of servers
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Windows NT Workstation using multiple redirectors
Novellserver Windows NT
Workstation
RDR RDR
Windows NTServer
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The Server Solution
Requires the installation of a service on theserver
Which enables communication in a multi-vendorenvironment
N t
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Netware
With Windows 2000 Professoinal-based clients
requires:NWLINK
which is the Microsoft implementation of the IPX/SPXprotocol
Client Service for NetWare (CSNW) which is Microsoft implementation of a Netware
requester
With Windows 2000 Server requires:
NWLink
Gateway Services for NetWare (GSNV)
With Windows 95-based client requires:
IPX/IP
Microsoft client for NetWare networks
Cli t/S N t ki
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Client/Server Networking
Model
Has powerful computers as clients instead ofdumb terminals
With clients and servers can be either:
Centralized computing-based
Or Client/Server-based
Data storage warehouse server off-loads data toother servers
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Centralized Computing
Has a central computer that executes a program
Permits remote terminal to merely display thedata
Sends data back to the central computer
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A simple client/server network
Clients
Server
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The client is the front end and the server is the back end
Server
Back end
Front end
Client
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Data can be localized on one server or distributed over several
servers
Server
Clients
Clients
Servers
Single Server Client/Server Configuration
Distributed ServerClient/Server Configuration