Nervous SystemPractice Reading Review

Nervous SystemThe nervous system is composed of billions of highly specialized nerve cells, or

neurons, that constitute the brain and the nerve fibers that are found throughout the body. The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of all the neurons in the brain and spinal cord; the PNS is made up of all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body.

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activity of the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions. (adapted from Gerrig et al. 2002. Psychology and Life. 58-60)

Nervous SystemThe nervous system is composed of billions of highly specialized nerve cells, or

neurons, that constitute the brain and the nerve fibers that are found throughout the body. The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of all the neurons in the brain and spinal cord; the PNS is made up of all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body.

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activityof the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions. (adapted from Gerrig et al. 2002. Psychology and Life. 58-60)

First Step

Make a one sentence summary of each paragraph in order to

discover overall main idea

Paragraph One

The nervous system is composed of billions of highly specialized nerve cells, or neurons, that constitute the brain and the nerve fibers that are found throughout the body. The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of all the neurons in the brain and spinal cord; the PNS is made up of all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body.

Paragraph One

The nervous system is composed of billions of highly specialized nerve cells, or neurons, that constitute the brain and the nerve fibers that are found throughout the body. The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of all the neurons in the brain and spinal cord; the PNS is made up of all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body.

Paragraph One

The nervous system is composed of billions of highly specialized nerve cells, or neurons, that constitute the brain and the nerve fibers that are found throughout the body. The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of all the neurons in the brain and spinal cord; the PNS is made up of all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body.

The nervous system is divided into two parts: the CNS and PNS.

Paragraph Two

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activityof the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

Paragraph Two

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activityof the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

Paragraph Two

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activityof the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

The job of the CNS (mainly the spinal cord)

Paragraph Three

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions

Paragraph Three

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions

Paragraph Three

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions

The role of the PNS (mainly the autonomic nervous system)

Paragraph Summaries

1. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the CNS and PNS.

2. The job of the CNS (mainly the spinal cord)

3. The role of the PNS (mainly the autonomic nervous system)

Which sentence best states the main idea of this passage?

A. The central nervous system works 24 hours a day.

B. The spinal cord plays a critical role in the central nervous system.

C. The central nervous system controls the functions of the body.

D. The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Which sentence best states the main idea of this passage?

A. The central nervous system works 24 hours a day.

B. The spinal cord plays a critical role in the central nervous system.

C. The central nervous system controls the functions of the body.

D. The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

The author's primary purpose is to

A. explain the development of the central nervous system.

B. describe the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.

C. emphasize the complexity of the central nervous system.

D. persuade the reader that the central nervous system is the most important system of the body.

MI: The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

The author's primary purpose is to

A. explain the development of the central nervous system.

B. describe the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.

C. emphasize the complexity of the central nervous system.

D. persuade the reader that the central nervous system is the most important system of the body.

MI: The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Overall, the author uses an organizational pattern that

A. classifies the different divisions and sub-divisions of the central nervous system.

B. gives examples of injuries that damage the central nervous system.

C. provides a comparison of the two divisions of the central nervous system.

D. offers reasons for the way the system nervous system functions

MI: The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

P: describe the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.

Overall, the author uses an organizational pattern that

A. classifies the different divisions and sub-divisions of the central nervous system.

B. gives examples of injuries that damage the central nervous system.

C. provides a comparison of the two divisions of the central nervous system.

D. offers reasons for the way the system nervous system functions

MI: The nervous system has two major parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

P: describe the functions of the different parts of the nervous system.

This passage is based upon

A. opinion

B. fact

This passage is based upon

A. opinion

B. fact

The tone of this passage is

A. subjective

B. sympathetic

C. informal

D. clinical

The tone of this passage is

A. subjective

B. sympathetic

C. informal

D. clinical

The tone of this passage is

A. subjective

B. sympathetic

C. informal

D. clinical

As used in line 15, the word stimulus most nearly means

A. something that is caused by an emotion.

B. something that is caused by a situation.

C. something that is caused by an occasion.

D. something that causes a reaction.

Paragraph Two

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activity of the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

As used in line 15, the word stimulus most nearly means

A. something that is caused by an emotion.

B. something that is caused by a situation.

C. something that is caused by an occasion.

D. something that causes a reaction.

As used in line 20, the word regulating most nearly means

A. stimulating

B. controlling

C. measuring

D. policing

Paragraph Three

It is the role of the PNS to provide the CNS with information from sensory receptors, such as those found in the eyes and ears, and to relay commands from the brain to the body's organs and muscles. The PNS is actually composed of two sets of nerve fibers. The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the PNS, sustains basic life processes. This system is on the job 24 hours a day, regulating bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion. To carry out these functions, the autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. These divisions work in opposition to accomplish their tasks. The sympathetic division governs responses to emergency situations; the parasympathetic division monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions

As used in line 20, the word regulating most nearly means

This system is on the job 24 hours a day, bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion.

A. stimulating

B. controlling

C. measuring

D. policing

As used in line 20, the word regulating most nearly means

This system is on the job 24 hours a day, bodily functions that you usually don't consciously control, such as respiration and digestion.

A. stimulating

B. controlling

C. measuring

D. policing

What is the relationship between the parts of the following sentence?

"The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).”

A. contrast

B. cause/effect

C. summary

D. classification

What is the relationship between the parts of the following sentence?

"The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).”

A. contrast

B. cause/effect

C. summary

D. classification

What is the relationship between the parts of the following sentence?

"The nervous system is subdivided into two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).”

A. contrast

B. cause/effect

C. summary

D. classification

According to the passage, the spinal cord

A. needs information from the brain to do its job.

B. coordinates the activity of the brain.

C. is the main trunk line that houses the peripheral nervous system.

D. is responsible for coordinating activities that don't involve the brain.

Paragraph Two

The job of the CNS is to integrate and coordinate all bodily functions, process all incoming neural messages, and send out commands to different parts of the body. The CNS sends and receives neural messages through the spinal cord, a trunk line of neurons that connects the brain to the PNS. The trunk line itself is housed in a hollow portion of the vertebral column, called the spinal column. The spinal cord coordinates the activityof the left and right sides of the body and is responsible for simple, fast action reflexes that do not involve the brain. For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.

According to the passage, the spinal cord

A. needs information from the brain to do its job.

B. coordinates the activity of the brain.

C. is the main trunk line that houses the peripheral nervous system.

D. is responsible for coordinating activities that don't involve the brain.

"For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.”

One conclusion that could be drawn from this sentence in paragraph two is

A. A person needs the brain to send the signal to pull a hand away from a hot stove.

B. A person's muscles always react on their own accord.

C. A person whose spinal cord has been severed cannot move.

D. A person can pull a hand away from a hot stove without being directed by the brain.

"For example, an organism whose spinal cord has been severed from its brain can still withdraw its limb from a painful stimulus.”

One conclusion that could be drawn from this sentence in paragraph two is

A. A person needs the brain to send the signal to pull a hand away from a hot stove.

B. A person's muscles always react on their own accord.

C. A person whose spinal cord has been severed cannot move.

D. A person can pull a hand away from a hot stove without being directed by the brain.