Nerve Supply of Head and Neck (NXPowerLite) / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Nerve Supply Of Head And Neck

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Contents • Introduction• Basics of nervous system• Cutaneous supply of head and neck

• Trigeminal nerve• Cervical plexus

• Motor supply to head and neck• Facial nerve• Ansa cervicalis• Spinal accessory nerve

• Nerve supply of :• Extra ocular muscles• Nasal cavity• Palate • Tongue • Pharynx• Larynx• Teeth

Introduction

Neuron•Perikaryon•Dendrites•Axon•Myelin sheath•Synapse

Nerve structures

•Multipolar•Bipolar•Unipolar

Classes of nerve fibres

•Type A, B,C•Myelinated & Unmyelinated•Sensory & Motorwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Sensory receptors

•Free nerve endings•epidermal •dermal

•Meissner’s corpuscle•Merkel disc endings•Pacinian corpuscle•Ruffini terminal•Golgi tendon organ

CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK

Cutaneous supply of:

Head – Trigeminal nerve Neck – Cervical plexus

Trigeminal nerve

Trigeminal nuclei

•Mesencephalic nucleus•Principal sensory nucleus•Nucleus of spinal tract•Motor nucleus

Functional components

Branches

Distribution

•Branches

•Relation with ganglions

Ophthalmic nerve

•Branches•Lacrimal•Frontal•Nasociliary

•Ciliary ganglion

Ophthalmic Nerve

Maxillary

Nervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Man d i b u l a r Ne r v e

Otic Gangl

Submandibular

Ganglion

Cervical Plexus

•Lesser occipital•Greater auricular•Transverse cervical•Supra clavicular

MOTOR SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK

Facial Nerve

Functional components

Facial nerve nuclei

Within petrous temporal

Branches of

communication

Branches on

the face

Relation

with parot

Various types

of branchi

Ansa cervicalis

Accessory nerve

NERVE SUPPLY OF STRUCTURAL UNITS

Extra ocular musclesOculomotor nerve

SO4www.indiandentalacademy.com

Nasal cavity

PalateMotor supply - Pharyngeal plexus except tensor palatiGen. sensory - Palatine and glossopharyngealSpecial sensory – Lesser palatine nervesSecretomotor – Lesser palatine nerves

Tongue• Sensory – Lingual and Glossopharyngeal• Special sensory– Chorda tympani and Glossopharyngeal• Motor – Hypoglossal except palatoglossus

Pharynx

Sensory – Pharyngeal plexus (Ph. br. of IX, X, XI

n. and sup. cer. sym. gang.)Motor - Pharyngeal plexus

except stylopharyngeusSpecial sensory – Internal laryngealSecretomotor – Lesser palatine

LarynxSensory – Up to the level of vocal cords – internal laryngeal n.

Below the level of vocal cords – Recurrent laryngeal n.Motor – Reccurent laryngeal except cricothyroid

Teeth and related structures

Special sensory innervation

Special sensation from •Tongue•Soft palate•Pharynx

Brachial plexus

Care during maxillofacial surgeries

VII n. damage

UMN vsLMN

Facial n. nucleus

Bell’s Palsy

Submandibular surgery

‘Facial asymmetry is evident only when the patient talks and that bilateral section abolishes the asymmetry without interfering with speech’

Frey’s syndrome

Radical neck dissections

Horner’s syndrome

Thyroid surgeries

Pathologic conditions affecting nerves

• Infective – Herpes zoster• Traumatic • Degenerative – Parkinsonism, Gullian

barre’• Demyelinating – Multiple sclerosis• Vascular• Neoplastic – Cerebropontine angle tumour

Pathologic conditions affecting nerves

Herpes zoster

Herpes zoster is an acute, localized infection with varicella-zoster virus, which causes a

painful, blistering rash www.indiandentalacademy.com

Traumatic injuries

• Neuropraxia

• Axonotemesis

• Neurotemesis www.indiandentalacademy.com

Multiple sclerosis• Chronic autonomic disease of

the CNS in which gradual destruction of myelin occurs in patches throughout the brain or spinal cord or both, interfering with the nerve pathways and causing muscular weakness, loss of coordination and speech and visual disturbances

• If there is destruction of axons – permanent disability

Myasthenia gravis

• A disease characterized by progressive fatigue

and generalized weakness of the skeletal muscles

esp. those of face, neck, arms and legs caused by

impaired transmission of nerve impulses following

an autoimmune attack of Ach receptors

Parkinsonism

• A progressive nervous disease occurring most often

after the age of 50, asso. with the destruction of brain

cells that produce dopamine and characterized by

muscular tremor, slowing of movement, partial facial

paralysis, pecularity of gait and posture and

weakness.

• Paralysis agitans, shaking palsywww.indiandentalacademy.com

Paresis, paralysis and spasticity

Motor neuron diseasewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Conclusion

References• Gray’s anatomy; 36th edition; Williams and Warwick• Anatomy and Physiology: The unity of form and function;

Kenneth S. Saladin• Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students; 4th edition;

Richard S. Snell• Chaurasia’s human anatomy; 4th edition• Anatomy for surgeons volume 1: The head and neck; 3rd edition; Hollinshead• Human anatomy; Prives, Lysenkov, Bushkovich• Grants atlas of anatomy• Colour atlas of applied anatomy; Mc. Minn• Complications in maxillofacial surgery; Kaban

Thank you…www.indiandentalacademy.com

For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.co

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