Nerve Supply of Head and Neck-1 (NXPowerLite) / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Nerve Supply Of Head And Neck

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Contents • Introduction• Basics of nervous system• Cutaneous supply of head and neck

• Trigeminal nerve• Cervical plexus

• Motor supply to head and neck• Facial nerve• Ansa cervicalis• Spinal accessory nerve

• Nerve supply of :• Extra ocular muscles• Nasal cavity• Palate • Tongue • Pharynx• Larynx• Teeth

Introduction

Neuron•Perikaryon•Dendrites•Axon•Myelin sheath•Synapse

Nerve structures

•Multipolar•Bipolar•Unipolar

Classes of nerve fibres

•Type A, B,C•Myelinated & Unmyelinated•Sensory & Motorwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Sensory receptors

•Free nerve endings•epidermal •dermal

•Meissner’s corpuscle•Merkel disc endings•Pacinian corpuscle•Ruffini terminal•Golgi tendon organ

Nerve supply of head and neck

CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK

Cutaneous supply of:

Head – Trigeminal nerve Neck – Cervical plexus

Trigeminal nerve

Branches

Trigeminal nuclei

•Mesencephalic nucleus•Principal sensory nucleus•Nucleus of spinal tract•Motor nucleus

Functional components

Distribution

•Branches

•Relation with ganglions

Ophthalmic nerve

•Branches•Lacrimal•Frontal•Nasociliary

•Ciliary ganglion

Ophthalmic Nerve

Maxillary

Nervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

In the cranium MeningealIn pterygopalatinefossa

Ganglionic, zygomatic, post. Sup. Alveolar

In the infraorbital canal

Middle sup.Alv,ant. Sup. Alv

On the face palpebral, nasal,sup labial

Branches of maxillary nerve

Pterygopalatine ganglion

- Orbital - Palatine- Nasal- Pharyngeal

MandibularNervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Main trunk

Ant. trunk

Post trunk

Nervus spinosus n. To M. pterygoid

Buccal n.n. to massetern. To L. pterygoidDeep temporal N.

AuriculotemporalLingual Inf. Alveolar

Branches of mandibualr nerve

Inf dental nerve does not occupy a single canal, but is plexiform in arrangement. It is also joined, directly, or thru its plexiform branches, by rami entering the bone as parts of neurovascular bundles, derived from attached muscles such as masseter. Such ‘accessory’ dental nerves ramify particularly in a plane lateral to the molar teeth, and their common occurrence accounts for the incomplete abolition of pain by inf. dental nerve block - Carter and Keen 1971

The nerves which supply the incisor teeth form an elaborate plexus on the external aspect of the mandible after emerging from the mental foramen and before they re-enter the bone.

- Starkie and Stewart 1931

Otic Gangl

Submandibular

Ganglion

Cervical Plexus

•Lesser occipital•Greater auricular•Transverse cervical•Supra clavicular

MOTOR SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK

Head:Muscle of facial expression – VII nerve

Neck:Ant triangle -- supra hyoid

-- infra hyoid – Ansa cervicalisSCM & trapezius – Spinal accessoryVertebral muscles – Dorsal rami of spinal n. Suboccipital -- Dorsal rami of C1

Facial nerve nuclei

Functional components

Within petrous temporal

In facial canal

At stylomastoid

On the face

Gr petrosalN. To stapediusChorda tympaniPost auricularPost belly of digastricStylohyoid Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibualarcervical

Branches of facial nerve

Geniculate ganglion

Facial Nerve

Branches on

the face

Various types

of branchi

Relation

with parot

Branches of

communication

Ansa cervicalis

The origin of the inferior root varies.Porirear and Chernikov (1965)

Based on 160 dissectionsCervical ventral rami

2, 3 74%2, 3, 4 14%3 alone 4%1, 2, 3 2%

Accessory nerve

References• Gray’s anatomy; 36th edition; Williams and Warwick• Anatomy and Physiology: The unity of form and function;

Kenneth S. Saladin• Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students; 4th edition;

Richard S. Snell• Chaurasia’s human anatomy; 4th edition• Anatomy for surgeons volume 1: The head and neck; 3rd edition; Hollinshead• Human anatomy; Prives, Lysenkov, Bushkovich• Grants atlas of anatomy • Text book of human neuroanatomy; 6th edition; Inderbir Singh

THANK YOU….

For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com

Nerve Supply of Head and Neck-1 (NXPowerLite) / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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