National Planning Conference New York, New York May 7...

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Scoring System Overview

Sustaining Places with Comprehensive Plans Deep Dive

National Planning Conference New York, New York May 7, 2017 David R. Godschalk, FAICP

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Scoring as Learning: What’s in the plan? Scoring as Analysis: How does the plan measure up? Use standards Framework to:

• Search the Plan • Evaluate the Content • Calculate the Score • Improve the Plan

Standards for Comprehensive Plan Benchmarking

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The Plan Standards Framework Best practices are the engines that drive a plan’s principles, processes, & attributes

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• How comprehensive is it? • What sustainability message does it convey? • How well does it fit:

• current conditions? • future projections?

• What additions would be desirable?

What’s in the Plan? Big Picture

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• Read plan against the standards • Identify best practice locations • Use search engines & key words

as a check • Apply professional judgement

to assess strength of practices

What’s in the Plan? Best Practices

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Plan Score Categories for Best Practices: • NA (subtracted from potential score): practice not applicable due to

conditions or legal constraints • Not Present ( 0 points): practice is applicable but not found in plan • Low (1 point): practice only mentioned at basic level • Medium (2 points): practice discussed in narrative, goals & policies but not

in implementation • High (3 points): practice addressed in goals, policies, & implementation

How Does the Plan Measure Up?

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Evaluate the Principles

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A multimodal transportation system allows people to use a variety of transportation modes, including walking, biking, and other mobility devices (e.g., wheelchairs), as well as transit where possible. Such a system reduces dependence on automobiles and encourages more active forms of personal transportation, improving health outcomes and increasing the mobility of those who are unable or unwilling to drive (e.g., youth, persons with disabilities, the elderly). Fewer cars on the road also translates to reduced air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions with associated health and environmental benefits

Plan for Multi-Modal Transportation

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Evaluate the Processes

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Engaging stakeholders throughout the planning process—from creating a community vision to defining goals, principles, objectives, and action steps, as well as in implementation and evaluation—is important to ensure that the plan accurately reflects community values and addresses community priority and needs. In addition, engagement builds public understanding and ownership of the adopted plan, leading to more effective implementation

Engage Stakeholders at all Stages of the Planning Process

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Evaluate the Attributes

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A technique developed for strategic planning processes, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis allows for the identification of the major issues facing the community internally (strengths and weaknesses) and externally (opportunities and threats). A SWOT analysis can inform community discussions and assessment of the impacts of forecasted changes, their planning implications, and appropriate responses

Assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Threats

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Overall Plan Scoring Matrix

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Plan Review Summary

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• Plan scores can educate community about plan content, values, & potential: • During plan-making workshops • During priority-setting deliberations

• Plan scores can guide planning initiatives to: • Improve an existing plan • Structure a new plan

Improve the Plan

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• Scoring can: • give you a new understanding of your plan • sharpen your professional planning judgement • help citizens and decision-makers appreciate the role of the plan • make your plan clearer & stronger

• The higher your plan score, the better your planning “credit” rating

Conclusion: Why Score Your Plan?

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Godschalk, David R., and William Anderson (2012). Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan (PAS Report 567) Chicago: American Planning Association. Godschalk, David R. and David C. Rouse (2014). Sustaining Places: Best Practices for Comprehensive Plans (PAS Report 578) Chicago: American Planning Association.

References

Plans Scoring Exercise Instructions

Sustaining Places with Comprehensive Plans Deep Dive

National Planning Conference New York, New York May 7, 2017 David R. Godschalk, FAICP

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• Gain familiarity with plan standards framework • Experience plan review process first-hand,

using sample plans • Understand how best practices scoring can be

useful in practice

Exercise Objectives

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Victoria, British Columbia Official Community Plan. Adopted July 2012.

Sample Plans League City, Texas 2035 Comprehensive Plan. Adopted 2011.

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• Selected as clearly written plan, with sustainability focus

• 4 parts: • Introduction • Policy chapters (13) • Implementation chapters with targets

(5) • Appendices

• Decision-oriented

Sample Plan: Victoria, BC (2012)

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Sample Plan: League City, TX (2011)

• Selected as award-winning plan (Texas APA Chapter Comp Plan Award 2011)

• Focused content, with emphasis on land use

• Clearly written, interesting graphics

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• Introduction & Community Profile

1. Issues & Opportunities 2. Guiding Principles 3. Growth Analysis 4. Land Use 5. Mobility 6. Parks & Recreation 7. Hazard Mitigation 8. Community Facilities 9. Infrastructure 10. Economic Development

League City Plan Chapters

Exercise Assessment Procedure Evaluate Victoria and League City Plans Against the Livable Built Environment Principle:

Ensure that all element of the built environment, including land use, transportation, housing, energy, and infrastructure, work together to provide sustainable, green places for living, working, and recreation, with a high quality of life.

11 Best Practices • Focus on the Land Management and Development elements

in the Victoria plan and the Land Use and Mobility elements in the League City plan

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•Operate in 2-person teams •Score sample plans individually •Compare scores and agree on consensus score •Report/discuss in overall group MATERIALS •Scoring matrix: https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/legacy_resources/sustainingplaces/compplanstandards/pdf/scoringmatrix.pdf, •Victoria Official Plan 2012. http://www.victoria.ca/EN/main/departments/planning-development/community-planning.html. •League City Plan 2011. http://www.leaguecity.com/common/modules/documentcenter2/documentview.aspx?DID=132

Plan Exercise Logistics

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• Standards are tool for making better plans • Plan scoring is much more than filling in a checklist • Demands exercise of professional judgement in assessing:

Intent of standards Integration of standards Strength of standards

• For credible plan scoring, reviewers must be expert & objective plan analysts

Importance of Professional Judgement

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Scoring Exercise Questions?

Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan Plano, Texas

Presented by Doug McDonald, AICP Comprehensive Planning Manager City of Plano, Texas www.planotomorrow.org

GRANITE PARK

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano at a Glance

POPULOUS CITY IN TX

ANNUAL GROWTH RATE

POPULOUS CITY IN DFW

SQUARE MILES

9TH

4TH

1%

72

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano Demographics

Buildout Projections: City of Plano: 300,000 | NCTCOG: 340,000

2015 Median Age: 38.1

Race/Ethnicity Percentage

White 56%

Asian 18%

Hispanic 15%

African American or Black 7%

2015 ACS Estimates

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano Employment

Jobs Plano is a Net Importer FORTUNE 1000

HEADQUARTERS

• J.C. PENNEY • DENBURY RESOURCES • RENT-A-CENTER • DR. PEPPER SNAPPLE GROUP • ALLICANCE DATA SYSTEMS • CINEMARK HOLDINGS

218K

30K • TOYOTA NORTH AMERICA • LIBERTY MUTUAL • JP MORGAN CHASE BANK • COCA-COLA • FANNIE MAE • BOEING GLOBAL SERVICES

15 Companies that employ 1000+

Additional Jobs in Pipeline

6

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano Transportation

2 3

3K 12

Light Rail Stations

Future Rail Stations

2 Bus Transit

Centers

Bus Routes

Miles of Roadways

4 Major

Expressways

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano’s Comprehensive Plan History YEAR CITY’S

POPULATION PURPOSE

1963 3,695 • Laid foundation of Plano • Established residential

neighborhoods and locations for roadway development

1986 107,602 • Assisted the transition from primarily a residential community to an employment center

2015 271,140 • To successfully manage the transition into a mature city

Downtown Plano 2015 Great Neighborhood Designee

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Why did we need a new plan?

FOCUS ON REDEVELOPMENT

DFW EXPECTED POPULATION AND

JOB GROWTH

INTERNAL MOBILITY

CHALLENGES

FOCUS ON REGIONAL ISSUES

ADDRESSING NEW

CHALLENGES

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Opportunity to Integrate STAR with Comp Plan

Why STAR? Plano wanted to access sustainability strengths and weaknesses to inform future policies and programming.

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

How the Plan was Structured

STAR +

PAS SUSTAINING

PLACES

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Plano Tomorrow Structure

5 PILLARS

10 COMPONENTS

41 POLICIES

274 ACTIONS

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Process for Creating the Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Process for Creating the Plan • In-house development of the plan, no consultants. • New innovative format for the plan, no printed copy.

• First web-based plan to be introduced by a Texas community.

• Planning & Zoning Commission, who served as the Advisory Committee, began meeting in February 2014 to create policies for the direction of the plan. • Expert speakers provided for the Commission to address

specific topics. STAR was one of the topics addressed. • Extensive public outreach campaign conducted. • Joint workshops with Planning & Zoning Commission and City

Council.

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

National APA Conferences • Staff attended conferences and participated in the

Sustaining Places break-out sessions • Determined that a recognition program may be established,

so we need to align our plan with the best practices of our industry

PAS Report 1 • Industry Best Practice Principals • Scorecard Examples

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan • Initial Selection Phase

• June, 2016 • 18 Questions Total (10 Basic Informational Questions)

– Community challenges and priorities, regulatory climate, plan coordination with departments and agencies, public engagement

• Second Round Questions • July, 2016 • 11 Questions Total

– Strengths and weaknesses of plan, implementation, applicability of standards, plan characteristics

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places Recognition Program Pilot •Scoring Highlights

Plano received 207 points of 252 (82%) Highest Scores:

Plan Characteristics, Harmony with Nature, Livable Built Environment, Healthy Community Lowest Scores:

Accountable Implementation, Interwoven Equity, Responsible Regionalism Gained 5 “Innovation Points” for Plan Usability Received a Perfect 100% for Plan Characteristics

Creative and innovative strategies and recommendations

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan Accountable Implementation •Annual Reporting

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan Accountable Implementation •Annual Reporting

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan Accountable Implementation •Annual Reporting

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Interactive, Web-Based Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Interactive, Web-Based Plan

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Data, Data, Data! Website Launched April 1, 2015

13,709 Visits 16,287 Downloads 652 Votes on Priority Polls 2,007 Video Views

Most Visited Page: Plano Tomorrow Maps

Council Adoption Sustaining Places Announcement

Most Downloaded Document: Future Land Use Map Highest Traffic Day: 224 Visits

Top 10 Policy Preferences 1 Bicycle 2 Land Use 3 Redevelopment of Neighborhood Centers 4 Renewable Energy 5 Public Transit 6 Educational Opportunities 7 Special Housing Needs 8 Undeveloped Land 9 Redevelopment of Regional Transportation Corridors 10 Parks and Recreation

www.planotomorrow.org Release of Annual

Report State Appeals Court

Ruling

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Sustaining Places Recognition Program Pilot Benefits • Provided a framework for the plan • Provided resources and references for national sustainability practices • Provided a measuring stick for public process, implementation, innovation,

and process • Validated the work we did to prepare the plan • Identified weaknesses that we did not see internally

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Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

Awards www.planotomorrow.org

Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan Plano, Texas

Presented by Doug McDonald, AICP Comprehensive Planning Manager City of Plano, Texas www.planotomorrow.org

DOWNTOWN PLANO

Comprehensive Plan Standards for Sustaining Places David Rouse, FAICP, ASLA Managing Director of Research and Advisory Services American Planning Association

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Image: Alex/Flickr/Creative Commons NonCommercial 2.0 Generic

Comprehensive Plan Standards for Sustaining Places

The ultimate aim is to help planners and the communities they serve realize the powerful potential of the comprehensive plan to sustain twenty-first century places.

-American Planning Association, January 2015

Sustaining Places Initiative Announced by APA at World Urban Forum in Rio de Janeiro

Sustaining Places Task Force Established

Sustaining Places: The Role of the Comprehensive Plan (PAS 567) Published

Sustaining Places Working Group Established

Sustaining Places Pilot Communities

Comprehensive Plan Standards for Sustaining Places Recognition Program Pilot

2010

Sustaining Places Background

2010

2012

2012

2013-14

2016

Pilot Community Population

Savona, NY 822

Foxborough, MA 16,865

Wheeling, WV 28,213

Goshen, IN 31,719

Rock Island, IL 39,018

Auburn, WA 70,180

New Hanover County, NC 202,677

Oklahoma City, OK 599,199

Seattle, WA 634,535

Memphis/Shelby County, TN 927,644

Pilot Communities

Comprehensive Plan Standards Framework

Principles: normative statements of intent that underlie a plan’s overall strategy, including its goals, objectives, policies, maps, and other content.

Processes: planning activities that take place during the preparation of a comprehensive plan and define how it will be implemented.

Attributes: plan-making design standards that shape the content and characteristics of comprehensive plans.

Best Practices: planning action tools that activate the principles, processes, and attributes.

Plan Principles

1. Livable Built Environment

2. Harmony with Nature

3. Resilient Economy

4. Interwoven Equity

5. Healthy Community

6. Responsible Regionalism

1. Livable Built Environment Ensure that all elements of the built environment, including land use, transportation, housing, energy, and infrastructure, work together to provide sustainable, green places for living, working, and recreation, with a high quality of life.

Photo: City of Albany

Livable Built Environment: Best Practices

1.1 Plan for multi-modal transportation. 1.7 Encourage design standards appropriate to the community context.

1.2 Plan for transit-oriented development. 1.8 Provide accessible public facilities and spaces.

1.3 Coordinate regional transportation investments with job clusters.

1.9 Conserve and reuse historic resources.

1.4 Provide complete streets serving multiple functions. 1.10 Implement green building design and energy conservation.

1.5 Plan for mixed land-use patterns that are walkable and bikeable.

1.11 Discourage development in hazard zones.

1.6 Plan for infill development.

2. Harmony with Nature Ensure that the contributions of natural resources to human well-being are explicitly recognized and valued and that maintaining their health is a primary objective.

Harmony with Nature: Best Practices

2.1 Restore, connect, and protect natural habitats and sensitive lands.

2.6 Encourage climate change adaptation.

2.2 Plan for the provision and protection of green infrastructure.

2.7 Provide for renewable energy use.

2.3 Encourage development that respects natural topography.

2.8 Provide for solid waste reduction.

2.4 Enact policies to reduce carbon footprints. 2.9 Encourage water conservation and plan for a lasting water supply.

2.5 Comply with state and local air quality standards. 2.10 Protect and manage streams, watersheds, and floodplains.

3. Resilient Economy Ensure that the community is prepared to deal with both positive and negative changes in its economic health and to initiate sustainable urban development and redevelopment strategies that foster green business growth and build reliance on local assets.

Photo: WRT

Resilient Economy: Best Practices

3.1 Provide the physical capacity for economic growth. 3.5 Encourage community-based economic development and revitalization.

3.2 Plan for a balanced land-use mix for fiscal sustainability. 3.6 Provide and maintain infrastructure capacity in line with growth or decline demands.

3.3 Plan for transportation access to employment centers. 3.7 Plan for post-disaster economic recovery.

3.4 Promote green businesses and jobs.

Ensure fairness and equity in providing for the housing, services, health, safety, and livelihood needs of all citizens and groups.

Photo: City of Austin

4. Interwoven Equity

Interwoven Equity: Best Practices

4.1 Provide a range of housing types. 4.6 Upgrade infrastructure and facilities in older and substandard areas.

4.2 Plan for a jobs/housing balance. 4.7 Plan for workforce diversity and development.

4.3 Plan for the physical, environmental, and economic improvement of at-risk, distressed, and disadvantaged neighborhoods.

4.8 Protect vulnerable populations from natural hazards.

4.4 Plan for improved health and safety for at-risk populations.

4.9 Promote environmental justice.

4.5 Provide accessible, quality public services, facilities, and health care to minority and low-income populations.

5. Healthy Community Ensure that public health needs are recognized and addressed through provisions for healthy foods, physical activity, access to recreation, health care, environmental justice, and safe neighborhoods.

Photo: City of Austin Photo: East Donegal

Healthy Community: Best Practices

5.1 Reduce exposure to toxins and pollutants in the natural and built environment.

5.5 Provide accessible parks, recreation facilities, greenways, and open space near all neighborhoods.

5.2 Plan for increased public safety through reduction of crime and injuries.

5.6 Plan for access to healthy, locally-grown foods for all neighborhoods.

5.3 Plan for the mitigation and redevelopment of brownfields for productive uses.

5.7 Plan for equitable access to health care providers, schools, public safety facilities, and arts and cultural facilities.

5.4 Plan for physical activity and healthy lifestyles.

6. Responsible Regionalism Ensure that all local proposals account for, connect with, and support the plans of adjacent jurisdictions and the surrounding region.

Image: WRT

Responsible Regionalism: Best Practices

6.1 Coordinate local land use plans with regional transportation investments.

6.6 Enhance connections between local activity centers and regional destinations.

6.2 Coordinate local and regional housing plan goals. 6.7 Coordinate local and regional population and economic projections.

6.3 Coordinate local open space plans with regional green infrastructure plans.

6.8 Include regional development visions and plans in local planning scenarios.

6.4 Delineate designated growth areas that are served by transit.

6.9 Encourage consistency between local capital improvement programs and regional infrastructure priorities.

6.5 Promote regional cooperation and sharing of resources.

Plan Processes

7. Authentic Participation

8. Accountable Implementation

Image: City of Austin, Imagine Austin Comprehensive Plan

7. Authentic Participation

Ensure that the planning process actively involves all segments of the community in analyzing issues, generating visions, developing plans, and monitoring outcomes.

Photos: City of Seattle

Authentic Participation: Best Practices

7.1 Engage stakeholders at all stages of the planning process.

7.5 Provide ongoing and understandable information for all participants.

7.2 Seek diverse participation in the planning process. 7.6 Use a variety of communications channels to inform and involve the community.

7.3 Promote leadership development in disadvantaged communities during the planning process.

7.7 Continue to engage the public after the comprehensive plan is adopted.

7.4 Develop alternative scenarios of the future.

8. Accountable Implementation

Ensure that responsibilities for carrying out the plan are clearly stated, along with metrics for evaluating progress in achieving desired outcomes.

Image: City of Oklahoma City

Accountable Implementation: Best Practices

8.1 Indicate specific actions for implementation. 8.5 Identify funding sources for plan implementation.

8.2 Connect plan implementation to the capital planning process.

8.6 Establish implementation indicators, benchmarks, and targets.

8.3 Connect plan implementation to the annual budgeting process.

8.7 Regularly evaluate and report on implementation progress.

8.4 Establish interagency and organizational cooperation. 8.8 Adjust the plan as necessary based on the evaluation.

Plan Attributes

7. Consistent Content

8. Coordinated Characteristics

Plano Tomorrow Comprehensive Plan

9. Consistent Content

Ensure that the plan contains a consistent set of visions, goals, policies, objectives, and actions that are based on evidence about community conditions, major issues, and impacts.

Consistent Content: Best Practices

9.1 Assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

9.5 Set objectives in support of the goals.

9.2 Establish a fact base. 9.6 Set polices to guide decision-making.

9.3. Develop a vision of the future. 9.7 Define actions to carry out the plan.

9.4 Set goals in support of the vision. 9.8 Use clear and compelling features to present the plan.

10. Coordinated Characteristics

Ensure that the plan includes creative and innovative strategies and recommendations and coordinates them internally with each other, vertically with federal and state requirements, and horizontally with plans of adjacent jurisdictions.

Coordinated Characteristics: Best Practices

10.1 Be comprehensive in the plan’s coverage. 10.6 Coordinate with the plans of other jurisdictions and levels of government.

10.2 Integrate the plan with other local plans and programs. 10.7 Comply with applicable laws and mandates.

10.3 Be innovative in the plan’s approach. 10.8 Be transparent in the plan’s substance.

10.4 Be persuasive in the plan’s communications. 10.9 Use plan formats that go beyond paper.

10.5 Be consistent across plan components.

Procedure to measure a comprehensive plan against a national standard Establishes scoring criteria for best practices

• Not Applicable • Not Present (0 points) • Low (1 point) • Medium (2 points) • High (3 points)

Plan Scoring System

Comprehensive Plan Standards for Sustaining Places Recognized Plans

Envision Longmont City of Longmont, Colorado Imagine 2040: Tampa Comprehensive Plan Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission and the City of Tampa, Florida

Bring It On Bloomington! McLean County (Illinois) Regional Planning Commission Plan DSM City of Des Moines, Iowa Plano Tomorrow City of Plano, Texas

Los Angeles County General Plan Los Angeles County, California City of Issaquah Comprehensive Plan City of Issaquah, Washington

Monroe Comprehensive Plan City of Monroe, Wisconsin

Comprehensive Plan Standards for Sustaining Places Recognized Plans

City of Fernandina Beach 2030 Comprehensive Plan City of Fernandina Beach, Florida Plan Prince George's 2035 Prince George's County, Maryland

plaNorfolk2030 City of Norfolk, Virginia

Imagine 2040-Plant City Comprehensive Plan Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission and the City of Plant City, Florida

Imagine 2040-Temple Terrace Comprehensive Plan Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission and the City of Temple Terrace, Florida

David Rouse, FAICP, ASLA Managing Director of Research and Advisory Services

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Sustaining Places with Comprehensive Plans Deep Dive Session Introduction and Overview of Topics

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Training Leaders Philip Berke, Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University David Godschalk, FAICP, City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina Doug McDonald, AICP, CNU-A City of Plano, Texas David Rouse, FAICP, ASLA American Planning Association

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Today’s Topics

• Overview: Sustaining Places Comprehensive Plans

• Introduction to the standards • Plano Tomorrow • Review scoring system • Interactive Breakout

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21st Century Challenges: Planning for Sustaining Places

Next 100 million: Where will they go?

More diverse population: Conflict or cooperation?

Greenhouse gas emissions

Ecosystem decline

Extreme event threats Unjust impacts

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What is Planning for Sustaining Places?

“A dynamic, democratic process through which communities plan to meet the needs of current and future generations without compromising the ecosystems upon which they depend by balancing social, economic, and environmental resources, incorporating resilience, and linking local actions to regional and global concerns. “

APA Sustaining Places Task Force, 2012

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Why focus on the comprehensive plan?

“As the leading policy document guiding the long-range development of local jurisdictions in the United States, the comprehensive plan plays a critical role in planning for sustainability. “

Sustaining Places: Best Practices for Comprehensive Plans, APA PAS Report, 2015

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Key Characteristics of Comprehensive Plans for Achieving Sustainable Outcomes

Key Characteristics: • Visionary in meeting needs of

future generations • Reflect balance in values • Incorporate systems thinking • Action-oriented

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Need for Standards and 21st Century Models

• Account for new challenges and innovations

• Foster a learning process • Guide creation of new plan and

updates of existing plan

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Exercise for Training Plan Reviewers

Objectives • Test training procedures • Qualify plan reviewers

Role of Reviewers • Score plans • Exercise professional judgment 3-Step Training Process • Webinar: train for plan scoring (December 2016) • Assignment: evaluate 2 plans (December 2016 to January

2017) • Webinar: review results (January 2017)

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Questions?