Post on 01-Jan-2016
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NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN BELARUS
Peter A. VITIAZ
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
<vitiaz@presidium.bas-net.by>
CONTENTS
1. Introduction2. Mechanical alloying3. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)4. Fine films, nanowires & nanopowders5. Fullerenes & Carbon nanotubes6. Nanodiamonds – Production & Applications7. Nanoobjects diagnostics8. Conclusion
…the one who gets control over nanotechnologyfirst is gonna to be the leader in the technoshereof the future… Edward Teller
R&D of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in Belarus
DiagnosticsPROCESSINGPRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES MATERIALS
Diagnostics
OBJECTS
Nanopowders
Nanowires
Fullerens
Nanotubes
Thin Films
Nano & mesastructures
Others
Mech. alloying
Detonation synthesis
Chem. precipitation & pyrolysis
Plasma synthesis
Sol-gel synthesis
Gas transport reactions
Others
Standard P/Mmethods
High pressures &
temperatures
Equal channel angular press.
Impulse compaction
SPS
Plasma & flame spraying
Others
Refractory
Superhard
Structural
Electrotechnical
Magnetic
Optoelectronic
Special
Scheme of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)
1st press
2nd press
route A
2nd press route C
Microstructuresof low carbon steel
after ECA - Pressing
Material StructureHardness HV
σ0.2, MPa
σb,
MPa δ, % Ψ, %
Fe 99.88 %
nanopolycryst.
300 90
850 200
980 350
6 21
55 7
Cu 99.98 %
nanopolycryst.
155 55
400 100
480 240
11 19
67 87
Stainless steel 18-8
nanopolycryst.
640 200
1370 210
1550 560
27 70
41 69
Elinvar Ni-44
nanopolycryst.
360 120
1540 760
1560 930
10 15
30 44
Mechanical properties of metals & alloys after ECA –pressing
Atomic Force Microscope «NANOTOP-203»
Morphology of diamond-like thin films
500 nm
AFM image of organic dye nanocrystals (50-70 nm) in polymer matrix
Scheme of transformations
100 nm 100 nm
The dependence of gas sensor response (a) and photoconductivity (b)
0
50
100
150
0 20 40 60
CuPc concentration, % mas.
S
25 50 75 100
10
20
30
0
0
CuPc concentration, % mas.
As deposited Annealed
Principle of localization of particles input into arc plasma
without powder with powder
PRL Reactor
Localisation of particles input into plasma
arc pile
localizer
powder
Comparative Data for SPR and PRL reactors
5000-100003000-5000Temperature, K
252Productivity, kg / hour
6.5270Energy consumption, kJ / kg
301200Nitrogen flow rate,
l / min
45 150Consumed power, kW
PRL SPR Parameters
PLASMOTEG ENGINEERING CENTER Equipment & Technology for Diamond Like Coating
(DLC)
DLC for thermoprinting heads Biocompatible DCL for artificial heard valves
DLC for measuring gauges
Pulse Plasma Source
Consumed power 30 KwtDischarge voltage 200…400 VDischarge time 200…300 µsPulse frequency 0.5…12 HzCathode diameter 30 mmCathode length 20…30 mmDeposit rate / pulse 850 nm / sDeposite rate at 10 Hz 2.5 µ / hWeight 15 kgDimentions 200х300х400 mmExworks price 25 000 USD
PULSE PLASMA SOURCE
AUTOMATIC COMPLEX FOR FULLERENESSYNTHESIS & SEPARATION
Assemblyfor fullerenes
synthesis
Raw materials preparation
Diagnostics
Software for tech- nology monitoring
Assembly for extracting & separating
Packing assembly
Productivity, g/shift: 15-45 of fullerenes + 100-430 of carbon clusters (10-100 nm);Fullerenes purity > 99.0% ; C60 / C80 ratio ~ 10 /1 ; Consumed power 7-15 KW;Weight 450 kg ; Flow space 20 m2; Ex-works price, USD 120 000 - 220 000 (depends on productivity & complectation)
PRINCIPAL PARAMETERS
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0 g dm3
Friction coefficient of electrolytic nickel coating versus number of cycles and diamonds concentration into electrolytic bath
20 g dm3
10 g dm3
Fric
tion
coeff
icie
nt,
f
Number of cycles
0,000 0,125 0,250 0,375 0,500 0,625 0,750 0,875 1,000150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Volume wear of electrolytic nickel coating versus nanodiamonds content into coating
Volu
me w
ear, 10 -
6 m
m 3
Nanodiamonds content, % mass.
Carbon nanotubes produced by HVDAP technique
CONDITIONINGSURFACE MODIFICATION
DESIGN & TOOLING OF BLAST CHAMBER CONDITIONS OF COOLING & EXTRACTIONS
PROPERTIES OPTIMIZATION
CHEMICAL PURIFICATION CONTINIOUS PROCESSWITH OXIDANT REGENERATION
TESTING & ANALYSIS HYGIENIC SERTIFICATION ENGINEERING SUPPORT DATA BANK
CONTROL, TESTING STANDARTIZATION SERTIFICATION
FUNCTIONAL SCHEME OF THE AUTOMATIC COMPLEX OF JSC «SINTA» FOR DETONATION SYNTHESIS OF NANODIAMONDS
DETONATION SYNTHESIS
PARTICLES SPECIAL COATING
Parameters Units Value
Diamond phase content % mass. 40-99
Common carbon content % mass. 65-95
Ash content % mass. 0.1-10
Adsorbtion capacity mg-ecv/g 0.1-3.5
Electrokinetic potential mV
Thermostability (air) K 423-1573
Electric resistance Ω / cm 102-1014
PROPERTIES OF NANODIAMOND POWDERS
from -100 to + 100
NANODIAMONDS APPLICATION
Cr, Ni, Cu, Cu, Au, Ag galvanic coatings
Solid and liquid antifrictional lubricants
Plastics modification
Additives to motor oils
Superfinish treatment of superconductor
and optical parts
AUTOMATIC COMPLEX «COMPOSIT» FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYTIC COMPOSITE COATINGS WITH NANODIAMONDS
После нанесения при ic, A/dm2 3-4 месяца спустя Концентрация
наноалмазов 1 2 3 4 5 3 4
UDD=0 7.2 8.9 9.5 10.2 9.6 5.7 5.8
UDD=1 gr/1 8.7 9.8 10.6 11.0 10.4 8.4 8.7
UDD=5 gr/1 9.2 10.6 11.3 11.4 11.0 9.3 9.8
UDD=10gr/l 10.1 11.2 11.8 12.3 11.7 9.3 9.8
UDD=15gr/l 10.6 12.0 12.4 12.8 12.4 9.4 9.8
Сравнительные свойства Ag покрытий, полученных при различных режимах электролиза
icav =2 A/dm2
UDD=0 UDD=15gr/l Свойства d.c. p.c. r.c. p.r. d.c. p.c. r.c. p.r.
1. Микротвердость H, 108 N/m2 8.9 15.2 12.8 14.4 12.0 16.8 13.9 15.3
2 Износостойкость, относит. единицы 1.0 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.1 3.2
3. Контактное сопротивлениеRc, 10-3 Ohm 1.4 1.38 1.31 1.34 1.47 1.48 1.38 1.43
MICROHARDNESS OF Ag COATINGS AT DIRECT CURRENT (x 105 N/m2) Микротвердость Ag покрытий, полученных при постоянном токе
PROPERTIES OF Ag COATINGS PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
NANODIAMONDS AT BELARUS POWER STATIONS
2 3
1. Antifriction Grey Iron - Brass Composit2. Slide bearings of steam superheater3. Combined flat bearing Ø 800 mm for hotair recuperator
1
Bushing of electric pump
Metallic – plastic anticorrosion gas-flame coatings with 0.5 % mass. of nanodiamonds
Plastics modifications with nanodiamonds
1,2 – microstrucures of Al-6Si-2Cualloy after coating without (left)and with nanodiamonds (right)3 – motorbike parts with microarcoxidizing and nanodiamonds
x 150
MICROARC OXIDIZED COATINGS WITH NANODIAMONDS
1 2
3
1 2
3
Polycrystallic diamonds fromnanodiamonds1,2 – polycrystallic powdersproduced by thermo-vacuumtreatment;3 – spalling of polycrystalliccompact produced by shock--wave consolidation.
…the only way to infiuence a technology is the another technology… Stanislaw Lem
CONCLUSION
1. Scientists of Belarus make certain input into nanomaterialsinvestigation and processing. Good results have been achievedin nanodiamonds and their application in machinery.
2. Our main task is a consolidation of means and efforts fordevelopment of nanomaterials and nanosystems vital for keybranches of Belarus economy – machinery, radio-electronicsand petro-chemistry.
3. International cooperation is very important in any aspects of implementation of these XXI century materials: science, technology, diagnostics, sertification, etc.