Transcript of Nanomaterial environmental contamonation
- 1. TINYTHINGS FOR BIG PROBLEMS NANOMATERIALS INTHE ENVIRONMENT
(WATER AIR AND SOIL) CONTAMINATION King F.Wong 14817 Rhein Waal
University of Applied Sciences 1
- 2. NATURAL NANOPARTICLES 2 Photograph courtesy NASA Earth
Observatory
- 3. 3source:
http://www.futuretimeline.net/subject/nanotechnology.htm
- 4. 4 Source:
http://sustainable-nano.com/2014/05/13/nano-contaminants-how-nanoparticles-get-into-the-environment/
- 5. POSSIBLE FATE OF NEP 5
- 6. 6 Ball-and-stick model of part of the crystal structure of
rutile, one of the mineral forms of titanium dioxide,TiO2. Oxygen
atoms are coloured red, titaniums are grey. X-ray crystallographic
data from: R.W. G.Wyckoff (1963) Second edition. Interscience
Publishers, NewYork, NewYork. Crystal Structures 1, 239-444 CIF
retrieved fromThe American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database.
See R.T. Downs, M. Hall-Wallace, "The American Mineralogist Crystal
Structure Database.",American Mineralogist (2003) 88, 247-250 for
details. Image generated in Accelrys DSVisualizer. Nano-silica made
by chrispotocki in lab Nano-silver, taken from
http://www.mining.com/silver-nano-particles-used-
to-make-hiv-resistant-super-prophylactic-81331/
- 7. NANO ZINC-OXIDE IN SOIL Light microscopic observation of
longitudinal sections of ryegrass primary root tips under
treatments of control (A); 1000 mg/L ZnO nanoparticles (B); 1000
mg/L Zn2+(C). rc: rootcap; ep: epidermis; ct: cortex; vs: vascular
cylinder. (Reprinted with permission from American Chemical
Society) Inhibition of germination of corn adverse effects on root
growth in 5 different plants (Lopez-Moreno M. et al. , 2010; de la
Rosa G. et al. In Press; Lin D. 2007) 7
- 8. 8 Jacquin, N.J. von, Icones plantarum rariorum, vol. 1: t.
145 (1781-1786) mesquite (Prosopis juliora?) 1880-1883 edition of
F.M. Blanco's Flora de Filipinas Photo of Cercidium oridum (blue
palo verde) at the Springs Preserve garden in LasVegas, Nevada,
Stan Shebs May 1, 2005 KaliTragus, taken from
http://www.reyforest.com/
owers/2291/salsola-tragus-prickly-russian-thistle/, visited on
13/05/2015
- 9. NANO ZINC-OXIDE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN WATER 1 9
- 10. ZINC-OXIDE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN WATER 2 dissolution of ZnO
triggers sublethal and cytotoxic effects reduction in phytoplankton
population growth rate at concentrations at 223-428 g/L low
photoactivity ofTiO2 in fresh/seawater, due to 1. high ionic
strength of seawater 2. coating of NOM competes for photons (Miller
R. et al. 2010; Bennett, S. et al. In Press) 10
- 11. Courtesy of Prof. Bridgette Clarkston 11
- 12. 12 Zebrash (Photo: Lynn Ketchum)
- 13. NANO SILICA EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE zebrash embryos were
treated with SiNPs (25, 50, 100, 200 g/mL) during 496 hours post
fertilization decrease hatching rate with increase exposure dosage
increase mortality and cell deaths caused embryonic malformations,
including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, tail and head
malformation (Duan, J. et al. 2013) 13 (A) Representative optical
images of deformed zebrash. (B) Pericardial and tail malformation
were mainly typically malformation of embryos induced by silica
nanoparticles. (C) Time-course variations of zebrash embryos
malformations induced by silica nanoparticles. Scale bar: 500
m
- 14. FATE OF DISCHARGED NANOSILVER 8.8 tonnes per year of AgNPs
are released from consumer products to wastewater in UK A yearly
increase of AgNP concentration in agriculture land of 36 g per kg
per year (Whiteley, C et al. 2013) 14
- 15. NANO-SILVERS EFFECT ON LIFE inhibits seedling growth of
common grass, Lolium multiorum Nanosilvers toxicity is inuenced by
its surface area, smaller surface area(6nm) affects more than
bigger surface area(25nm) (Yin, L. et al. 2011) 15
- 16. ECOSYSTEMS RESPONSETO NANO- SILVER UNDER REALISTIC FIELD
SCENARIO a low dose, (0.14 mg Ag kg1) of soil is applied in long
term one of plant species, Microstegium vimeneum decrease 32% in
biomass a signicantly different microorganisms community
composition, with much lower enzyme activity compare to normal 35%
lower in total microbial biomass compare to normal (Benjamin P.
Colman et al. 2013) 16 Figure 1.Terrestrial mesocosms in the Duke
Forest, Durham, NC, USA. Mesocosms A on the day of planting, and B
63 days later (Day 0 of the experiment) mesocosms being amended
with biosolid slurry doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057189.g001
- 17. PLANT EXPOSESTO ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES an assay is done
with Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo ssp pepo) and Squash (Cucurbita pepo
ssp ovifera), which germinated from seeds both plants are exposed
with Carbon, Silver, Gold, Copper and Silicon nanoparticles at
various concentrations along with elements in bulk form for 14-16
days (Dimitrios Stampoulis et al. 2009) 17 Stam (200 of N Env
Env
- 18. RESULT (NANO-CARBON) 18 Effect of activated carbon, MWCNTs
or Fullerenes on zucchini biomass under hydroponic conditions; all
present at 1000 mg/L
- 19. 19 Zucchini dose-uptake study (0-1000mg/ L) assessing
effect of NP or bulk form of silver on biomass and
transpiration
- 20. 20 Silver (Ag) content of zucchini shoots grown in silver
nanoparticle or bulk solutions (1-1000mg/L) Elemental content of
plant tissue was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectroscopy (ICP-MS)
- 21. Squash biomass and transpiration upon exposure to 500 mg/L
bulk or nanoparticle silver (Ag) in the presence or absence of 50
mg/L humic acid 21
- 22. Squash biomass and transpiration upon exposure to 500 mg/L
bulk or nanoparticle copper (Cu) in the presence or absence of 50
mg/L humic acid 22
- 23. Squash biomass and transpiration upon exposure to 100 mg/L
bulk or nanoparticle copper (Cu) in the presence or absence of 50
mg/L humic acid 23
- 24. CONCLUSION Nano-pollution is an imminent situation an
limited knowledge of ecological fate of NEPs a scheme for
monitoring NEPs is needed 24 Photo: NASA
- 25. REFERENCES Slide 7Lopez-Moreno, M. L.; de La Rosa, G.;
Hernandez-Viezcas, J. A.; Castillo-Michel, H.; Botez, C. E.;
Peralta-Videa, J. R.; Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. Evidence of the
Dierential Biotransformation and Genotoxicity of ZnO and CeO2
Nanoparticles on Soybean (Glycine max) Plants. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 2010, 44, 73157320. de la Rosa, G.; Lopez-Moreno, M. L.;
Hernandez-Viezcas, J.; Peralta-Videa, J. R.; Gardea-Torresdey, J.
L. Toxicity and Biotransformation of ZnO Nanoparticles in the
Desert Plants Prosopis juliora- velutina, Salsola tragus and
Parkinsonia orida. Int. J. Nanotechnol. In press. Lin, D.; Xing, B.
Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles: Inhibition of Seed Germination and
Root Growth. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 150, 243250. Slide 10Miller,
R.; Lenihan, H.; Muller, E.; Tseng, N.; Keller, A. A. Impacts of
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Marine Phytoplankton. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 2010, 44, 73297334. Slide 13Duan, J., Yu, Y., Shi, H.,
Tian, L., Guo, C., Huang, P., . . . Sun, Z. (2013). Toxic Eects of
Silica Nanoparticles on Zebrash Embryos and Larvae. PLoS ONE.Slide
14Whiteley, C., Valle, M., Jones, K., & Sweetman, A. (n.d.).
Challenges in assessing release, exposure and fate of silver
nanoparticles within the UK environment. Environ. Sci.: Processes
Impacts Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts,
2050-2050.Slide 15Yin, L., Cheng, Y., Espinasse, B., Colman, B.,
Auan, M., Wiesner, M., . . . Bernhardt, E. (2011). More than the
Ions: The Eects of Silver Nanoparticles on Lolium multiorum.
Environmental Science & Technology Environ. Sci. Technol.,
2360-2367.Slide 16Low Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles in
Biosolids Cause Adverse Ecosystem Responses under Realistic Field
Scenario; Benjamin P. Colman , Christina L. Arnaout, Sarah Anciaux,
Claudia K. Gunsch, Michael F. Hochella Jr, Bojeong Kim, Gregory V.
Lowry, Bonnie M. McGill, Brian C. Reinsch, Curtis J. Richardson,
Jason M. Unrine, Justin P. Wright, Liyan Yin, Emily S. Bernhardt;
Published: February 27, 2013DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057189Slide
17Stampoulis, D., Sinha, S., & White, J. (2009).
Assay-Dependent Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles to Plants.
Environmental Science & Technology Environ. Sci. Technol.,
9473-9479.25