Nanomaterial Drug Delivery

Group 5:Daniel EhlersDaniel Barnes

Ann-Marie ScarboroughNguyen Lam

Featuring:Nanomaterials For Drug Delivery

https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSh0iVqg8Z7WUm1a_XO7uTQQpHl67Lz1El1kl2YHlNy4qkCEz2KBQ

http://research.mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/event/nano-medicine-bio21-cluster-symposium

Interactive Presentation

• To view an interactive version of this presentation, visit the link below (recommended):

• http://prezi.com/qa0bx-dztksu/untitled-prezi/

http://nextbigfuture.com/2011/01/nanorattle-drug-delivery.html

http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/dev_lab/images/single_drug.gif

Nanomaterials are the future of drug delivery

Drugs are able to reach their site of action more effectively

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/mabi.201100419/asset/image_m/mcontent.jpg?v=1&s=2899b61a4ddaff99e1b18b7a79ea871a7f4eaabc

Bodily system barriers are able to be broken with nanocarriers

http://ultraphyte.com/2012/02/26/nanorobot-detects-cancer/

Advanced materials can target various cells, such as cancer cells.

http://sina.sharif.edu/~adeli/?view=Synthesis_of_Hybrid_Nano_Structures&id=15

http://www.azonano.com/images/news/NewsImage_23414.jpg

Drugs with different molecular shapes and chemical properties can be synthesized

Different properties results in greater possibilities

Background Information

• All drugs face several transport barriers

o Plasma membraneo The acidic environment of endolysosomeso Nuclear membraneo Multiple drug resistance mechanism

from their site of introduction to their molecular site of action.

Background Information

https://dl-web.dropbox.com/Articles/1-s2.0-S0169409X1200021X-main.pdf?w=AACRdlAYxdLRb6iZvjRVrMMwvLN-ChawIar3xGlbaupaGw

Advantages1. Very small size

2.High surface-to-volume ratio

High-resolution image of detonation nanodiamonds

http://nanoall.blogspot.com/2012/01/synthesis-of-metallic-nanoparticles.html

3. One or more therapeutic drugs can be attached to

Advantages4.Attach to specific target cells and organs with selected binding agents5.Helps to avoid the fluctuations of drug (by using time-release)

https://dl-web.dropbox.com/Articles/1-s2.0-S0169409X1200021X-main.pdf?w=AACRdlAYxdLRb6iZvjRVrMMwvLN-ChawIar3xGlbaupaGw

Polymers and Cancer Cells

• Other polymers allow for easy binding to tumor sites

• At the correct pH and/or [Cl-] of a tumor site, the drug can be released

• Certain polymers allow for delivery past protective DNA barriers in a tumor cell

http://static5.businessinsider.com/image/500ff7b2eab8ea2b60000001-590/this-mix-of-polymers-and-cancer-medicines-would-then-attach-to-nanoparticles.jpg

Cylindrical Miccles• Initially block polymers• Hydrophillic end –

causes them to form miccle shape with water

• Hydrophobic end – Keeps them from being easily bound/absorbed to other things

• Benefits:o Prolonged circulationo Reduction of off-target toxicity

(less side effects)o Can be formed using existing

drugs

http://news.rice.edu/images/media/2006RiceNews/1130_gold_nano.jpg

PEGylation of Drugs• Adding PEG

(Polyethylene glycol) polymer to existing drug molecular structure

• Benefits:o Increases drug half lifeo Increases drug solubility at

site of actiono Increases drug stabilityo Slows down drug

metabolism through kidneys, etc.

http://www.peg-drug.com/images/peg-top_photo2.jpg

Ideal siRNA Cancer Drug

• siRNA – Small Interfering RNA can be inserted into a tumor cell to cause it to malfunction

• Problem: Needs to be delivered to tumor site and not to healthy cells

• In figure, nanomaterial (green) is attached to siRNA drug (purple ring)

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6092/303/F1.large.jpg

Ideal siRNA Cancer Drug

• Nanomaterial is PEGylated:o Increases drug half lifeo Increases drug solubility at

site of actiono Decreases interaction

outside target side (and therefore side effects)

o Increases drug stabilityo Slows down drug

metabolism through kidneys, etc.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6092/303/F1.large.jpg

Ideal siRNA Cancer Drug

• Nanomaterial searches for biological signals of a cancer cello Certain peptides have this

ability

• Nanomaterial is engineered to bind to the unique receptors on the cancer cell

http://www.alternative-cancer.net/images/cell_attack.jpg

Ideal siRNA Cancer Drug

• Another problem: Overcome defenses in cytoplasm of cancer cell

• Nanomaterial overcomes defenses and rapidly delivers siRNA drug into cell

• siRNA modifies the cancer cell DNA and causes it to die http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6092/303/F1.large.jpg

Specific Cancer Drug Design: Carbon

Nanotubes• Antibodies are

designed that will fight cancer cells

• Carbon Nanotube carriers have molecular strands that contain the antibodies and a link system to cancer cells

• Recognize cancer cells by pH, biological markers

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143677

Specific Cancer Drug Design: Carbon

Nanotubes• Carbon Nanotubes can

be PEGed and attached with antibodies to bring it specifically to a cancer cell

• The drugs inside the nanotube can be released in the presence RF frequencies

• Metal nanotubes also heat in presence of RF waves, and “burn up” cancer cells

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143677

Specific Cancer Drug Design:

Nanodiamonds• Drug can be placed in

nanodiamonds• Nanodiamonds contain

receptors that allow them only to bind and react with tumor cells

• Nanodiamonds release drug into tumor cell and result in highly effective treatment http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130415172308.htm

Assessment of Work• The use of Nano-Diamonds and their effects on the PH increase

solubility in the solution for several types of deliveries by making the pH closer to that of the natural body levels

• Table 1• Plotted n value of the release of RB from carbon nanomaterials at

pH 7.4 and pH 4.5.• n value at pH 7.4 n value at pH 4.5 Drug release mode• CB–RB 0.39 0.32 Fickian diffusion• CNT–RB 0.42 0.64 Fickian diffusion at pH 7.4,• anomalous transport at pH 4.5• f-CNT–RB 0.5 0.64 Anomalous transport• GO–RB 1 0.63 Case II transport at pH7.4,• anomalous transport at pH 4.5• Zhang and Olin Pg. 1251

Assessment of Work• In addition, they allow for a controlled time

release of the drug for consistant delivery

• Zhang and Olin pgl. 1250Time (min)

Assessment of Work• Allows better ability to

Penetrate the Plasma wall of the cells

• Can release on correct rNA code recognition for needed antigen.

Conclusions• The use of Nano-

Diamonds allows the Pharmicutical Industry to be much more presice in drug delivery due too pH Controlo Time Release Controlo rNA Release Control

Conclusion• It also allows a larger range of effective drugs to

be administered fromo Size Controlo pH Control

Further Research Suggested

• Hazards/toxicity of particles• Cancer research

http://research.mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/event/nano-medicine-bio21-cluster-symposium

http://www.healingrosacea.com/images/nanomaterial-in-cancer-therapy1.jpeg

http://www.dddmag.com/sites/dddmag.com/files/legacyimages/Articles/2009_09/pnp.jpg

References1. Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery. Jeffrey A. Hubbell and Ashutosh Chilkoti. Science 20 July 2012: 337 (6092), 303-305.

[DOI:10.1126/science.1219657]2. Nanodiamonds as novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications: drug delivery and imaging systems.

Badea, Ildiko and Kaur, Randeep. International Journal of Nanomedice. 8. Jan 2013. Web. 2 April 20133. Computational design of a CNT carrier for a high affinity bispecific anti-HER2 antibody based on trastuzumab

and pertuzumab Fabs. Salazar-Salinas Karim, Kubli-Garfias, Carlos, and Seminario, Jorge M. Springer-Verlag.