-ByV.Gouthaman.

INTRODUCTIONMySQL is a relational database

management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Sun Microsystems, a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation.

Members of the MySQL community have created several forks such as Drizzle and MariaDB. Both forks were in progress before the Oracle acquisition (Drizzle was announced 8 months before the Sun acquisition).

Free-software projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL. Such projects include (for example) WordPress, phpBB, Drupal and other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products including Wikipedia, Google and Facebook.

INSTALLING MYSQL

Install MySQL 5.0 Community Edition on Windows

Step 1 :Download MySQL 5.0 Community Edition to your Desktop from

“http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.0/mysql-5.0.45-win32.zip/from/pick#mirrors”. Make sure you always download the “Complete

package “.

Step 2 :Unzip mysql-5.0.45-win32.zip (the downloaded mysql file) to get Setup.exe. Double click Setup.exe to start installing

MySQL. Click “Next ” when you are prompted as below.

Step 3 : Select “Typical” for Setup Type and click “Next ” again.

Step 4 : Click “Install ” to proceed with the installation process.

Step 5 : The setup activity will show you some advertisement. Read it if you wish and click

“Next “.

Step 6: Tick “Configure the MySQL Server now” and click “Next ” two times.

Step 7: Click “Standard Configuration” to ease installation process and click “Next ” again.

Step 8 : Tick “Install As Windows Service” to make MySQL auto-startup with Windows and “Include Bin Directory in

Windows PATH ” to make MySQL system files automatically available for other application.

Step 9 : Tick “Modify Security Settings” and enter a root (Administrator) password to secure your MySQL

installation. Don’t skip this step! Click “Next ” again.

Step 10 : Click “Execute” to start the MySQL Configuration process. Once finished, click

“Finish ” to end configuration.

Step 11: Make sure MySQL runs automatically after installation. You can check the status from

Administrative Tools Services snap in (Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Services ), also available via

Control Panel.

Step 12 : (OPTIONAL) Open your DOS command prompt (Run -> cud). Type in “net stat -na“. Check out ports opened by MySQL (3306) and Apache (80) . That

means the services are up and running.

Step 13 : (OPTIONAL) Run some of MySQL commands to further ensure that the installation is a success. Check out and follow the commands as pictured below. User account is root and password depends on what you have entered

previously during your MySQL configuration.

Step 14 : IMPORTANT:

Reboot your machine! This is to ensure all MySQL system files

are rss-read by Windows as environment variables.

QUERY COMMANDS

IN MYSQL

CREATE CommandThe Create command is used to create a table by specifying the tablename, fieldnames and constraints as shown below:

Syntax:

$createSQL=("CREATE TABLE tblName");

Example:

$createSQL=("CREATE TABLE tblstudent(fldstudid int(10) NOTNULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,fldstudName VARCHAR(250) NOTNULL,fldstudentmark int(4) DEFAULT '0' ");

SELECT CommandThe Select command is used to select the records from a table using its field names. To select all the fields in a table, '*' is used in the command. The result is assigned to a variable name as shown below:

Syntax:

$selectSQL=("SELECT field_names FROM tablename");

Example:

$selectSQL=("SELECT * FROM tblstudent");

DELETE Command

The Delete command is used to delete the records from a table using conditions as shown below:

Syntax:

$deleteSQL=("DELETE * FROM tablename WHERE condition");

Example:

$deleteSQL=("DELETE * FROM tblstudent WHERE fldstudid=2");

INSERT CommandThe Insert command is used to insert records into a table. The values are assigned to the field names as shown below:

Syntax:

$insertSQL=("INSERT INTO tblname(fieldname1,fieldname2..) VALUES(value1,value2,...) ");

Example:

$insertSQL=("INSERT INTO Tblstudent(fldstudName,fldstudmark)VALUES(Baskar,75) ");

UPDATE CommandThe Update command is used to update the field values using conditions. This is done using 'SET' and the fieldnames to assign new values to them.

Syntax:

$updateSQL=("UPDATE Tblname SET (fieldname1=value1,fieldname2=value2,...) WHERE fldstudid=IdNumber");

Example:

$updateSQL=("UPDATE Tblstudent SET (fldstudName=siva,fldstudmark=100) WHERE fldstudid=2");

DROP Command

The Drop command is used to delete all the records in a table using the table name as shown below:

Syntax:

$dropSQL=("DROP tblName");

Example:

$dropSQL=("DROP tblstudent");

Login to MySQL monitor

Syntax:

..\mysql\bin\mysql -u[username] -p[password]

Example:

..\mysql\bin\mysql -uroot -pmysecret

Create a database on the sql server.

Syntax:

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name

[create_specification] ...

create_specification:

[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name

[DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name

Example:

u-1@srv-1 mysqlart $ mysql -u root

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.0.14-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> create database sysops;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00

sec)mysql> quitByeu-1@srv-1 mysqlart $

Switch to a database.

mysql> use [db name];

mysql> show tables;

To see all the tables in the database

CREATE TABLESYNTAX: CREATE TABLE [table_name] (

[column_name1] INT AUTO_INCREMENT,

[column_name2] VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

[column_name3] ENUM('guest', 'customer', 'admin')NULL,

[column_name4] DATE NULL,

[column_name5] VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

[column_name6] DATETIME NOT NULL,

[column_name7] CHAR(1) NULL,

[column_name8] BLOB NULL,

[column_name9] TEXT NOT NULL,

UNIQUE(username),

PRIMARY KEY (column_name1)

Example:

CREATE TABLE user (

userid INT AUTO_INCREMENT,

username VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

group_type ENUM('guest', 'customer', 'admin') NULL,

date_of_birth DATE NULL,

password VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

registration_date DATETIME NOT NULL,

account_disable CHAR(1) NULL,

image BLOB NULL,

comment TEXT NOT NULL,

UNIQUE(username),

PRIMARY KEY (userid)

);

INSERT STATEMENTS

Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name ( `col_A`, `col_B`, `col_C`) VALUES ( `col_A_data`, `col_B_data`, `col_C_data`) ;

Example:

INSERT INTO music ( 'id', `artist`, `album`) VALUES ( '1', `the beatles`, `Abbey Road`);

REPLACE STATEMENTS

Syntax:

REPLACE INTO table_name ( `col_A`, `col_B`) VALUES ( `col A data`, `col B data`) ;

Example:

REPLACE INTO music ( 'id', `artist`, `album`) VALUES ( '1', `the beatles`, `abbey road`);

UPDATE STATEMENTS

Syntax:

UPDATE table_name SET col_B='new_data' WHERE col_A='reference_data' ;

Example:

UPDATE music SET title='Come Together' WHERE id=1;

Add a new column "male" in table user.

Syntax:

ALTER TABLE [table_name]

ADD COLUMN [column_name]

CHAR(1) NOT NULL;

Example:

ALTER TABLE user

ADD COLUMN male

CHAR(1) NOT NULL;

Change column name "male" into "gender" in table user and change the type to VARCHAR(3)

and allow NULL values.

Syntax:

ALTER TABLE [table_name]

CHANGE [old_column] [new_column]

VARCHAR(3) NULL;

Example:

ALTER TABLE user

CHANGE male gender

VARCHAR (3) NULL;

Change the size of column "gender" from 3 to 6 in table user.

Syntax:

ALTER TABLE [table_name]

MODIFY [column_name] VARCHAR(6);

Example:

ALTER TABLE user

MODIFY gender VARCHAR(6);

SELECT STATEMENTS

Syntax:

SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE 1 ;

Example:

SELECT * FROM music WHERE 1;

DELETE STATEMENTS

Syntax:

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name='search_data';

Example:

DELETE FROM music WHERE artist='the beatles';

Show field formats of the selected table.

Syntax:

DESCRIBE [table_name];

Example:

DESCRIBE mos_menu;

To see database's field formats.

mysql> describe [table name];

To delete a database.

Syntax:

mysql> drop database [database name];

Example:

DROP DATABASE demodb;

To delete a table.

mysql> drop table [table name];

Example:

DROP TABLE user;

Show all data in a table.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name];

Example:

SELECT *

FROM mos_menu;

Show all records from mos_menu table containing name "Home".

SELECT *

FROM [table_name]

WHERE [field_name]=[value];

Example:

SELECT *

FROM mos_menu

WHERE name = "Home";

Returns the columns and column information pertaining to the

designated table.

mysql> show columns from [table name];

Show certain selected rows with the value "whatever".

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE [field name] = "whatever";

Show all records containing the name "Bob" AND the phone

number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name = "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444';

Show all records not containing the name "Bob" AND the phone

number '3444444' order by the phone_number field.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name != "Bob" AND phone_number = '3444444'

order by phone_number;

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone

number '3444444'.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number =

'3444444';

Show all records starting with the letters 'bob' AND the phone number

'3444444' limit to records 1 through 5.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE name like "Bob%" AND phone_number =

'3444444' limit 1,5;

Use a regular expression to find records. Use "REGEXP BINARY" to force

case-sensitivity. This finds any record beginning with a.

mysql> SELECT * FROM [table name] WHERE rec RLIKE "^a";

Show unique records.

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT [column name] FROM [table name];

Show selected records sorted in an ascending (asc) or descending (desc).

mysql> SELECT [col1],[col2] FROM [table name] ORDER BY [col2] DESC;

Return number of rows.

mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM [table name];

Sum column.

mysql> SELECT SUM(*) FROM [table name];

Join tables on common columns.

mysql> select lookup.illustrationid, lookup.personid,person.birthday from lookup left

join person on lookup.personid=person.personid=statement to

join birthday in person table with primary illustration id;

Creating a new user. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Make the

user. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> use mysql;

mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) VALUES('%','username',PASSWORD('password'));

mysql> flush privileges;

Change a users password from unix shell.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqladmin -u username -h hostname.blah.org -p password 'new-password'

Change a users password from MySQL prompt. Login as root. Set the

password. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'hostname' =

PASSWORD('passwordhere');mysql> flush privileges;

Recover a MySQL root password. Stop the MySQL server process. Start again with no grant tables. Login to MySQL as root. Set new password. Exit

MySQL and restart MySQL server.

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

# mysql -u rootmysql> use mysql;

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("newrootpassword") where User='root';

mysql> flush privileges;mysql> quit

# /etc/init.d/mysql stop# /etc/init.d/mysql start

Set a root password if there is on root password.

# mysqladmin -u root password newpassword

Update a root password.

# mysqladmin -u root -p oldpassword newpassword

Allow the user "bob" to connect to the server from localhost using the password

"passwd". Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Give privs. Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> use mysql;

mysql> grant usage on *.* to bob@localhost identified by 'passwd';

mysql> flush privileges;

Give user privilages for a db. Login as root. Switch to the MySQL db. Grant privs.

Update privs.

# mysql -u root -pmysql> use mysql;

mysql> INSERT INTO db (Host,Db,User,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Create_p

riv,Drop_priv) VALUES ('%','databasename','username','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N');

mysql> flush privileges;

or

mysql> grant all privileges on databasename.* to username@localhost;mysql> flush privileges;

To update info already in a table.

mysql> UPDATE [table name] SET Select_priv = 'Y',Insert_priv = 'Y',Update_priv = 'Y' where [field

name] = 'user';

Delete a row(s) from a table.

mysql> DELETE from [table name] where [field name] = 'whatever';

Update database permissions/privilages.

mysql> flush privileges;

Delete a column.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop column [column name];

Add a new column to database.

mysql> alter table [table name] add column [new column name] varchar (20);

Change column name.

mysql> alter table [table name] change [old column name] [new column name] varchar (50);

Make a unique column so you get no dupes.

mysql> alter table [table name] add unique ([column name]);

Make a column bigger.

mysql> alter table [table name] modify [column name] VARCHAR(3);

Delete unique from table.

mysql> alter table [table name] drop index [colmn name];

Load a CSV file into a table.

mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/filename.csv' replace INTO TABLE [table name] FIELDS

TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n' (field1,field2,field3);

Dump all databases for backup. Backup file is sql commands to

recreate all db's.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u root -ppassword --opt >/tmp/alldatabases.sql

Dump one database for backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -u username -ppassword --databases databasename

>/tmp/databasename.sql

Dump a table from a database.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysqldump -c -u username -ppassword databasename tablename >

/tmp/databasename.tablename.sql

Restore database (or database table) from backup.

# [mysql dir]/bin/mysql -u username -ppassword databasename < /tmp/databasename.sql