Post on 02-Jun-2018
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
1/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
2/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
3/48
In A R C H I T E C T U R E
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
4/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
5/48
Cyclopean Architecture
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
6/48
Cyclopean masonry, a type of stonework found in Mycenaeanbuilt with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted to
minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of
boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been wo
with a hammer and the gaps between boulders filled in with sma
limestone
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
7/48
'Cyclopean', the term normally applied to the masonry style ch
Mycenaean fortification systems, describes walls built of hu
limestone boulders which are roughly fitted together
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
8/48
Cyclopean Masonry WalReflect a need for protection and self-defense since th
walls often encircled the citadel site and the acropolis
which the site was located
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
9/48
The walls are usually founded in extremely shallow beddings carv
bedrock
As these boulders are very big in size, the ancient people believ
the Cyclops who built these gates, as the thought it impossib
move such big rocks. That is why these walls were named Cyclope
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
10/48
Rectangular Masonry Warectangular stones of unequal height, known as the fou
style of Cyclopean architecture
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
11/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
12/48
Polygonal Masonry WallKnown as the second style of Mycenaean Period
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
13/48
Polygonal masonry is a technique of stone construction of
Mediterranean world. True polygonal masonry is a technique
visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joi
block the appearance of a polygon
This technique is found throughout the Mediterranean ancorresponds to the less technical category ofCyclopean masonry
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
14/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
15/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
16/48
tumulus burials dating to the Middle Bronze Age
The vaultedtholoiare a monumental Late Bronze Age developme
Tombs that usually contain more than one burial, in various placeeither on the floor, in pits and cists or on stone-built or rock-cut
with various grave goods. After a burial, the entrance to the tom
with soil, leaving a small mound with most of the tomb undergrou
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
17/48
the dromos in early examples was usually just cut from the bed
Panagia Tomb at Mycenae itself
the chamber is always built in masonry
the chambers were built as corbelled vaults, with layers of stone
together as the vault tapers toward the top of the tomb
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
18/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
19/48
Hellenic Periodperiod of ancient Greek and Mediterranean history between
the death of Alexander the Great
ca. 32330 BC
A part of the Ancient Period for the European and Near Asian
space. The use of this period is justified by the extent of the
Hellenic culture in most of these areas, due to the Greek political
presence especially in Asia after Alexander's conquests, but also
to a new wave of Greek colonization
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
20/48
In A R C H I T E C T U R E
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
21/48
It resulted a vast in urban plans and large complexes whic
disappeared from city-states by the 5th century BC. This city planinnovative for the Greek world; rather than manipulating space
its faults, building plans conformed to the natural setting
This city planning was quite innovative for the Greek world
manipulating space by correcting its faults, building plans conf
natural setting
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
22/48
One notes the appearance of many places of amusement and le
the multiplication of theatres and parks
The Hellenistic monarchies were advantaged in this regard in th
had vast spaces where they could build large cities: such as Antio
and Seleucia on the Tigris
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
23/48
CorbelA solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console
piece applied to the structure
Corbeling is the construction of corbel
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
24/48
a corbel or console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal
wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket
The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels deeply keyed
support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolith
"corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin
diminutive of corvus (a raven) which refers to t
appearance. Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, u
bearing internal feature, as acorbeau(a crow)
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
25/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
26/48
Corbeled Archan arch-like construction method that uses the architect
technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a struc
such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bri
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
27/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
28/48
Corbeled Tablesa projecting moulded string course supported by a rang
corbels. Sometimes these corbels carry a small arcade und
string course, the arches of which are pointed and tref
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
29/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
30/48
Temple of ApolloGrand and monumental architecture can be found in Ionia,
day Turkey in Pergamon and Didyma. The Temple of Apo
Didyma was both a temple and an oracle site for the god
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
31/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
32/48
The interior court was 71 feet wide by 175 feet long and cont
shrine. The court was also dipteral in form, edged with a doub
columns 65 feet tall which surrounded the temple
The structure creates a series of imposing spaces from the exter
to the oracle rooms and the interior courtyard inside of which
Apollo stood
designed by the architects Paionios of Ephesus and Daphnis of M
begun in 313 BCE and was never completed, although work conti
second century CE
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
33/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
34/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
35/48
the temple has a door on the naos which provides access and ligh
it takes some cues from the Parthenon, such as a colonnade in th
this case the colonnade is a single story and only the columns
and not the stylobate have entasis
the temple faces north-south instead of east-west, which accom
landscape of the site
the temple has elements of all three architectural orders and is
the earliest known example of a Corinthian capital
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
36/48
Tholos of Athena Pronaiaa circular shrine with twenty exterior Doric columns a
10 Corinthian columns in the interior. The Corinthian capit
developed in the middle of the fifth century and used min
until the Hellenistic era and was later popular with the Ro
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
37/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
38/48
was designed by Polykleitos the Younger, the son of the sculptor
the mid fourth century BCE
the theater seats up to 15,000 people
located at Epidaurus and an example of the architecture and engi
time
this theatre was built into the hillside, which supports the stadium
the theater overlooks a lush valley and mountainous landscape
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
39/48
The shape of the theater helped to amplify the sounds from th
the limestone seating is credited with muffling additional noises
the crowd
The theater is especially well known for its acoustics that co
spoken voice on the stage to every spectator, no matter where th
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
40/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
41/48
Corinthianconsidered the third order of Classical architecture
The order's columns are similar to Ionic columns; the colum
slender and fluted and sit atop a base
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
42/48
The capital consists of a double layer of acanthus leaves and a
stem that curls up towards the abacus in the shape of a scroll or v
The capital of the column differs and is substantially vegetal
The decorative Corinthian order was not widely adopted in Greecwas popular in tholos shrines; it was, however, used substantia
the Roman period
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
43/48
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
44/48
TERMS
in linear perspective drawing the diagonal line p
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
45/48
Orthogonal -in linear perspective drawing, the diagonal line p
vanishing point; sometimes referred to as vanishing or converg
Stoa -in Ancient Greece, a walkway with a roof supported b
often with a wall on one side; a portico
Dipteral -having a double row of columns on each on the fla
in front and rear, often said of a temple
Collonade -a series of columns at regular intervals
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
46/48
Volute - the spiral curve on an Ionic capital
Acanthus - an ornament resembling the foliage or leaves
spinosus, and used in the capitals of the Corinthian and compo
Corbel - a structural member jutting out of a wall to carry a su
weight
Post and Lintela simple construction method using a header
horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends b
columns (posts)
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
47/48
Megaron - the rectangular great hall in a Mycenaean bu
supported with pillars
Cyclopean Masonry -A type of stonework found in Mycenaean
built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together
clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar
Dromos an entrance passage or avenue leading to a building
8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a
48/48