Post on 05-Apr-2018
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Submitted by
Sumit Kumar
Regd. No. : 10804016
B.tech (ECE) E38E1
RE38E1A12
Under the Guidance of
Er. Komal Arora
Dept. of ECE
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Introduction
Worldwide interoperability
Wi-max is the trade name of IEEE 802.16 standard
Goal of WIMAX
Infrastructure of Wi-MAX
Wi-max tower
Wi-max receiver
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Background
Wi-fi issues
Benefits Of Wi-MAX
Speed
Wireless
Broad coverage
Benefits to Service Providers
Benefits to Customers
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Uses
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What is Wi-MAX?
Specifications of Wi-MAX
Wi-MAX/Wi-Fi Synergies
Wi-MAX/Wi-Fi synergies enable integration of both wireless
technologies into notebooks and mobile devices
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Specifications of Wi-MAX
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Transmitter
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Reed-Solomon Encoder
Constructing a polynomial from the data symbols to be transmitted
Sending an oversampled version of the polynomial instead of the original
symbols
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Convolution encoding is a process of adding redundancy to asignal stream
A convolution encoder accepts messages of length k0 bits and
generates code words of N0 bits
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Puncturing Process
The process of systematically deleting bits from the output stream
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Scatter error bursts
Reduce the error concentration to be corrected
Implemented by using a two-dimensional array buffer
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Modulation scheme are used to map coded bits
The bits are mapped to a subcarrier amplitude and phase
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Downlink and uplink are composed using training sequences
All derived from frequency domain sequence
PSHORT, used for synchronization
The second OFDM symbol for channel estimation
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IEEE 802.16
Range- 30 miles from base station
Speed- 70 Megabits per second
Frequency bands- 2 to 11 and 10 to 66Defines both MAC and PHY layer
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802.16a
Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz. Supports Mesh network
802.16b
Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz. Provides Quos( for real time voice and video service)
802.16c
Represents a 10 to 66GHz.
802.16d
Improvement and fixes for 802.16a
802.16e
Addresses on Mobile. Enable high-speed signal handoffs necessary for communications
with users moving at vehicular speeds
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MAC (Data Link) Layer
MAC layer consists of three sub layers:
Service Specific Convergence Sub-layer (MAC CS)
The MAC Common Part Sub-layer (MAC CPS) and
The privacy sub-layer
Physical Layer
IEEE 802.16 specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to 66 GHz
range. 802.16a, updated in 2004 to 802.16-2004, added specifications for
the 2 to 11 GHz range.
802.16-2004 was updated by 802.16e-2005 in 2005 and uses scalable
orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (SOFDMA) as opposed to
the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) version with 256
sub-carriers (of which 200 are used) in 802.16d.
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Scalability - The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency (RF)channel bandwidths. The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of
users within one RF channel. As the number of subscribers grow the
spectrum can be reallocated with process of sectoring.
Quality of Service - Primary purpose of QOS feature is to define
transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface.These featuresoften need to work in conjunction with mechanisms beyond the air interface
in order to provide end to end QoS.
Range It is Optimized for up to 50 Km and designed to handle many
users spread out over kilometres. Also it has been designed to tolerate
greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0 seconds.PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range in mind.
Coverage - Standard supports mesh network topology and optimized for
outdoor NLOS performance.Also standard supports advanced antenna
techniques.
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Technologies using DSSS (802.11b, CDMA) and other wide
band technologies are very susceptible to multipath fading,
since the delay time can easily exceed the symbol duration,
which causes the symbols to completely overlap (ISI). The use
of several parallel sub-carriers for OFDMA enables muchlonger symbol duration, which makes the signal more robust to
multipath time dispersion
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This type of fading affects certain frequencies of a transmission and can result in
deep fading at certain frequencies. One reason this occurs is because of the wide
band nature of the signals. When a signal is reflected off a surface, different
frequencies will reflect in different ways.In Figure below, both CDMA (left) and OFDMA (right) experience selective
fading near the center of the band. With optimal channel coding and interleaving,
these errors can be corrected. CDMA tries to overcome this by spreading the
signal out and then equalizing the whole signal. OFDMA is therefore much more
resilient to frequency selective fading when compared to CDMA.
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Wi-MAX, more flexible and secure
Terminal authentication by exchanging certificates to prevent
rogue devices,
User authentication using the Extensible AuthenticationProtocol (EAP),
Data encryption using the Data Encryption Standard (DES) or
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), both much more robust
than the Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) initially used byWLAN. Furthermore, each service is encrypted with its own
security association and private keys.
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An important and very challenging function of the WiMAX system is thesupport of various advanced antenna techniques, provide high spectral
efficiency, capacity, system performance, and reliability:
Beam forming using smart antennas provides additional gain to bridge long
distances or to increase indoor coverage; it reduces inter-cell interference
and improves frequency reuse,
Transmit diversity and MIMO techniques using multiple antennas take
advantage of multipath reflections to improve reliability and capacity.
Wi-MAX technology can provide coverage in both LOS and NLOS
conditions. Furthermore, Wi-MAX has many optional features, such as
ARQ, sub-channeling, diversity, OFDM technology, adaptive modulation
and error correction. and space-time coding that will prove invaluable to
operators wishing to provide quality and performance that rivals wire line
technology.
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Advantages
Single station can serve hundreds of users.
Much faster deployment of new users comparing to wired networks.
Speed of 10 Mbps at 10 kilometers with line-of-site.
It is standardized, and same frequency equipment should work together.
It has the capacity to offer different types of services in one platformMany think that the tower becomes overloaded due to high number ofrequests from users but wi-max has an inner built algorithm which transfersthe user to another wi-max tower.
Wi-Max is a globally accepted, technically capable, and industry-widesupported standard.
The emergence of Wi-Max has opened up the solution to many of theproblems faced by Wi-Fi because, Wi-Max cover tens of miles unlike Wi-Fithat is restrictive to the surroundings and resources.
Through Wi-Max wireless networking is possible through longer distances.
Wi-Max can run in licensed and non licensed frequencies.
It has the capacity to offer different types of services in one platform.
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1) Line of sight is needed for more distant connections.
2) Bad weather conditions such as rain could interrupt the signal.
3) Other wireless equipment could cause interference.
4) Multiplied frequencies are used.
5) Wi-MAX is a very power-consuming technology and requires significant
electrical support.
6)High installation and operational cost.
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One can easily access the network at any place any time. It got its easilyand efficient accessibility in the basement.
Built for the future, Wi-MAX technology will allow one to connect in more
places, more often, without being restricted to hotspots.
Intel is providing advancements in wireless mobile technology for the
future of notebooks and a wide range of consumer devices.The IEEE 802.16 standard body members are working toward incremental
evolution, from fixed operation to portability and mobility.
IEEE 802.16f and IEEE 802.16g task groups are addressing the
management interfaces for fixed and mobile operation.
In a fully mobile scenario users may be moving while simultaneouslyengaging in a broadband data access or multimedia streaming session.
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The latest developments in the IEEE 802.16 group are driving a broadband wireless
access evolution, thanks to a standard with unique technical characteristics.
"Always Best Connected" experience.
The combination of these capabilities makes Wi-MAX attractive for a wide
diversity of people: fixed operators, mobile operators and wireless ISPs, but also for
many vertical markets and local authorities.
WLANs and 3G cellular networks are experiencing several difficulties for reaching
a complete mobile broadband access, bounded by factors such as bandwidth,
coverage area, or infrastructure costs.
In this context, Wi-MAX appears to fulfil these requirements, providing vehicular
mobility and high service areas and data rates.
This term paper is devoted to study the implementation of Wi-MAX system and
implementation of its transmitter and receiver through MATLAB software isachieved.
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THANKYOU..ANY QUERIES???