Post on 04-Jan-2016
description
Mutations
• Mutations: change in the genetic material
• …. Now and again cells make mistakes in copying DNA
2 types of Mutations
• Gene mutations
• Chromosomal mutations
Gene Mutations
• Occur on a single gene
• TAC GCA TGG AAT
• Code is read in 3 base codons
• Thefatcatandratran- say?
3 types of gene mutations
• Point Mutations occur at 1 spot
• TAC GCA TGG AAT – original
• Substitution?
• Insertion?
• Deletion ?
• TAC GCA TGG AAT – original
• Substitution– TAC GGA TGG AAT
• Insertion– TAC GGC ATG GAA T
• Deletion – TAC GAT GGA AT
Which are the 2 worst kinds of gene mutations? Why?
• THE FAT CAT RAN – original
• Substitution– THH FAT CAT RAN
• Insertion– THE FAA TCA TRA N
• Deletion – HEF ATC ATR AN
Which are the 2 worst kinds of gene mutations? Why?
• Changes message which changes the amino acid that is made- wrong protein made …
FRAMESHIFT category POINT Category
insertion substitution
deletion
Chromosomal Mutations • Changes in the …
– Number of chromosomes• Down’s Syndrome
– Or structure of chromosome• Deletion• Duplication• Inversion• Translocation
• Deletion- 1 section is deleted
• Duplication- 1 section is doubled
• Inversion- 1 section is reversed
• Translocation -part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.
Mutations are good, bad or neutral
• Neutral
• Bad: cause dramatic changes in protein structure… body cannot function properly
• Good.. Can create variability in species, can be beneficial, if environment– Ex- AIDS resistant gene– Polyploidy (extra chromosomes)
• Banana and citrus fruits are larger and stronger