Post on 27-Dec-2015
Head & Neck Muscles
• Frontalis: elevate eyebrows
• Orbicularis Oculi: close eyelid
• Zygomaticus: draw angle of lip upward
• Buccinator: draws cheeks against teeth
• Orbicularis Oris: closes mouth
• Platysma: draws lower lip down & back
• Cranial Aponeurosis: connects frontalis to occipitalis
• Temporalis: elevates mandible
• Occipitalis: draws scalp back
• Masseter: elevates mandible
• Sternocleidomastoid:– Flexes head– Draws head toward
shoulder
Muscles of Mastication
• Masseter: elevates mandible
• Temporalis: elevates mandible
• Medial pterygoid: elevates mandible
• Lateral pterygoid: depresses mandible
Key Muscles of Facial Expression
• Smiling Muscles– Orbicularis Oculi– Nasalis– Levator Labii
Superioris– Levator Anguli
Superioris– Zygomaticus– Risorius
• Frowning Muscles– Frontalis– Orbicularis Oris– Depressor Anguli Oris– Depressor Labii
Inferioris– Mentalis– Platysma
Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
• Intrinsic Muscles– Erector Spinae:
maintain posture of back/extension
• Spinalis• Longissimus• Iliocostalis
– Oblique Muscles: rotation of the vertebrae
• Semispinalis• Multifidus• Rotatores
• Muscles of Quiet Respiration– Diaphragm– External Intercostals– Internal Intercostals—deep
breaths• Abdominal Muscles
– External Obliques– Internal Obliques– Transverse Abdominus– Rectus Abdominus
• Quadratus Lumborum
Muscles of Scapular Stabilization
• Trapezius:– Retraction– Elevation– Depression – Upward Rotation
• Rhomboid—retraction
• Levator Scapular—Elevation
• Pectoralis Major—Protraction
• Serratus Anterior—Protraction
Anterior Muscles of Shoulder
• Deltoid– Flexion /Extension – Abduction /Adduction– Internal /External Rotation
• Pectoralis Major– Adduction– Flexion– Extension– Internal Rotation
• Biceps Brachii—Flexion
Posterior Muscles of Shoulder
• Teres Major– Adduction– Extension– Internal Rotation
• Latissimus Dorsi– Adduction– Extension– Internal Rotation
• Triceps Brachii– Adduction– Extension
Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
• Supraspinatus– Abduction
• Infraspinatus– External Rotation
Teres Minor External Rotation
Subscapularis Internal Rotation
Muscles of the Elbow/Forearm
• Triceps Brachii—Extension
• Bicep Brachii—– Flexion– Supination
• Brachialis—Flexion• Brachioradialis—
– Flexion– Pronation
• Pronator Teres• Pronator Quadratus• Supinator Longus
Muscles of the Wrist & Hand
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris• Flexor Carpi
Radialis• Flexor Digitorum• Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris• Extensor Carpi
Radialis• Extensor Digitorum
Anterior (Palmar) View Posterior (Dorsal) View
Muscles of Hip: Gluteal Muscles
• Gluteus Maximus—Extension
• Gluteus Medius—Abduction
• Gluteus Minimus—Abduction
• Tensor Fasciae Latae—– Flexion– Abduction
** Gluteus Minimus is under the Gluteus Medius
Muscles of Hip:Anterior Muscles
• Medial/Adductor Muscles:– Adductor Magnus– Adductor Longus– Adductor Brevis– Gracilis
• Anterior Muscles– Iliopsoas—Flexion– Pectineus—
• Flexion• Adduction
– Sartorius—• Flexion• Lateral Rotation
Muscles of Anterior Thigh
• “Quadriceps”– Rectus Femoris—
• Hip flexion• Knee extension
– Vastus Lateralis—knee extension
– Vastus Medialis—knee extension
– Vastus Intermedius—knee extension
– Sartorius—• Hip & Knee Flexion• Lateral Hip Rotation
**Vastus Intermedius is beneath Rectus Femoris
Muscles of Posterior Thigh
• “Hamstrings”– Responsible for
Knee Flexion & Hip Extension
– Semimembranosus– Semitendinosus– Biceps Femoris
• Gastrocnemius– Knee Flexion
Muscles of the Lower Leg
• Anterior Compartment– Tibialis Anterior—Dorsiflexion &
inversion– Extensor Digitorum Longus– Fibularis Tertius—dorsiflexion &
eversion• Posterior Compartment
– Gastrocnemius—plantarflexion, knee flexion
– Soleus—plantarflexion• Lateral Compartment
– Fibularis Longus—plantarflexion & eversion
– Fibularis Brevis—plantarflexion & eversion
Location of Muscles
• SkeletalMuscles– Anterior
view
Quadriceps Quadriceps groupgroup
Rectus abdominisRectus abdominis
Quadriceps GroupQuadriceps Group
External ObliquesExternal Obliques
FrontalisFrontalis
MasseterMasseter
Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior
DeltoidDeltoidPectoralis MajorPectoralis Majorbiceps brachiibiceps brachii
BrachioradialisBrachioradialis
Locationof Muscles
• SkeletalMuscles– Posterior
view
Hamstring group
TrapeziusTrapezius
Hamstring Hamstring groupgroup
GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius
Latissimus dorsiLatissimus dorsi
Gluteus Gluteus maximusmaximus
Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii
FF
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DD
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BB
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KK
JJ
HH
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Muscles You Need to Know• 1. brachioradialis• 2. biceps brachii• 3. deltoid• 4. external oblique• 5. frontalis• 6. gastrocnemius• 7. gluteus maximus• 8. hamstring group• 9. latissimus dorsi• 10. masseter• 11. pectoralis major• 12. quadriceps group• 13. rectus abdominis• 14. tibialis anterior• 15. trapezius• 16. triceps brachii
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Muscle Disorders
• A sprain is a wrenching, twisting or stretching injury to a ligament.
Sprains often affect theankles, knees, or wrists.
SprainSprain
Muscle Disorders
• A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching.
StrainStrain
Muscle Disorders
• A muscle tear may be partial or complete and caused either by a direct blow or by overexertion.
Muscle RupturesMuscle Ruptures
Muscle Disorders
• Muscle pull- very slight tear
• Chronic tear- gradual onset of pain
• Acute tear- sudden dramatic pain
Muscle PullMuscle Pull Muscle TearMuscle Tear
Muscle Muscle TearsTears
Muscle Disorders
• Muscle spasm- when A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) involuntarily contract
• Muscle cramp- involuntarily + forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax
CrampsCrampsSpasmsSpasms
Muscle Disorders
Caused by bacteria that enters the body through the skin
• Found in soil, dust and manure • Toxin bacteria produces interferes with nerve
transmission to your muscles and causes them to seize up in painful spasms.
TetanusTetanus
Muscle Disorders
• Produced naturally by the body to support such functions as fighting stress and promoting growth and development
• Referred to as roids, juice, hype, weight trainers, gym candy, arnolds, stackers, or pumpers
• People use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections to improve their sports performance or the way they look.
• Anabolic steroids cause many different types of problems
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids
Muscle Disorders
• Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to maintain balance and posture.
• The disorders appear in thefirst few years of life, and usually don’t get worse over time.
Cerebral PalseyCerebral Palsey
Muscle Disorders
• Muscular Dystrophy- most well known of hereditary diseases
• A genetic condition that describes over 20 genetic and hereditary muscle diseases.
Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy
Muscle Disorders
• Myasthenia gravis- chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles
Myasthenia GravisMyasthenia Gravis
Muscle Disorders• Poliomyelitis, often
called polio is an acuteviral infectious disease which is spread fromperson-to-person via the fecal-oral route.
PolioPolio
Old PolioAsymmetric atrophy & weaknessAtrophic right leg (arrow) in patient with paralytic polio 70 years in past
Animations…
• Muscles – Descriptions– http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html
• Muscles – Locations and Actions– http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsys
tem/menu/menu.html