Post on 01-Apr-2015
Animalia
multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell wall, heterotrophs, capable of movement, reproduce sexually, body symmetry (radial or bilateral)
9 Phyla- 8 invertebrate and 1 vertebrate
Invertebrate- Porifera Porifera- two cell layers, collar cells
w/flagella, filter feeders, ex. sponges
Invertebrate- Cnidarian Cnidarians- Stinging cells, radial symmetry,
simple nervous system only stimulus and response, central cavity only one body opening, ex. jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone
Invertebrate- worms Plathyhelmenthes: flat worms, only one
body opening, three cell layers,ex. Tapeworm, Fluke, Planarian, Marine worms
Nematode: round worms, first with two body openings, 3 cell layers, many parasitic, Heartworm, Roundworm, Vinegar Eel
Annelid: segmented worms, two body openings, 3 cell layers, beginning of circulatory system, and digestive system (crop), ex. Earthworm and Leech
Worm images
Plathyhelmenthes Nematode
Annelid
Invertebrate Mollusk soft body, more complex body systems
developing, eyes and nervous system, levels of communication beyond stimulus and response
3 classes Gastropod (snails and slugs), Cephalopod (squid octopus cuttlefish and
chambered nautilus), Bivalve (oyster, clam, mussel, scallop)
Mollusk images Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods
Invertebrate- Arthropod jointed legs, exoskeleton, body segments
(head, thorax, and abdomen), metamorphosis (complete or incomplete)
4 classes:Insect -6 legs (ant, grasshopper, beetle, bee,
wasp)Arachnid -8 legs (spider, tick, horseshoe crab),Crustacean -10 legs (shrimp, lobster,
barnacles, crayfish)Myrapods -many legs, centipede and
millipedes
Arthropod images
Invertebrate- Echinoderm
Characteristics: spiny skin, complex regeneration capacity, found only in marine environments, radial symmetry,
Examples: Sea urchin, Sand dollar, Starfish, Sea cucumber
Vertebrates- Chordata
Chordate notachord, complex body systems, sexual reproduction (internal or external fertilization) 5 classes:
FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals
Fish Fish, moist skin covered in scales, gills to
breathe, 2 chambered heart, cold blooded,3 types: 1. bony ex Trout, Salmon, Bass, Catfish,
Grouper, Tarpon. 2. jawless, ex. Lamprey and tunicates3. cartilaginous ex. Sharks and Rays
Fish images
Amphibian Amphibian, cold blooded, 3 chambered
heart, born in water, develop lungs, smooth moist skin, ex. salamander, newts, frogs, and toads (only dry skin)
Reptile Reptile, dry leathery skin with scales, cold
blooded, 3 chambered heart, amniote/terrestrial eggs, ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles, alligator, crocodile
Birds Bird, warm blooded, 4 chambered heart,
hollow bones, body with feathers
Mammal Mammal, warm blooded, 4 chambered
heart, milk producers, body with hair/fur Placental (live birth), Marsupial (pouch) ex.
Kangaroo, and Monotremes (egg) ex Platypus
Animal BehaviorsInnate:
1. Instincts- complex pattern of innate behaviors, reflexes, fight or flight, courtships, species recognition (language, song, flashes of pattern/light)
2. Territory- physical space needed for breeding, feeding, and shelter, organisms can expend a lot of energy defending territory some will fight to the death.
3. Migration- instinctive seasonal movement, response to a changing environment, includes hibernation (cold) and estivation (dry and hot)
Behaviors cont’d
Learned: Habituation- animal repeats a successful
behavior, and does not repeat an unsuccessful behavior, birds learn which moths are poisonous by color and avoid eating them after becoming ill or getting a bad taste. Deer return to the same grazing field when successful.
Imprinting – salmon and turtles return to same stream or beach to lay eggs in which they hatched, the environment left an imprint or memory
Adaptations for Defense: Mechanical- physical structures Chemical- stinging sensations, poisons,
bad taste, paralysis Camouflage- color or pattern that blend
into environment◦ Disruptive- ex zebra◦ Cryptic- ex chameleon and squid◦ Countershading- ex Fish have light belly and dark
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