MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Software: Systems and Application...

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1

Software: Systems and Application Software

Chapter 4

Principles and Learning Objectives

• When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware.

– Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software.– Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of

several popular operating systems.

• Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.

– Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives.

– Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.

• Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff.

– Outline the evolution of programming languages.

• The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life.

– Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.

An Overview of Software

• Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer

• Documentation - describes program functions

• Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs

• Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

The Importance of Software in Business

Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

Operating Systems

• Perform common hardware functions• Provide a user interface• Provide hardware independence• Manage system memory• Manage processing• Control access to system resources• Manage files

The Role of the Operating System

Common Hardware Functions

• Accept keyboard input• Store data on disks• Send data to output devices

User Interface

• Command-based interfaces• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

Hardware Independence

Memory Management

Processing Tasks

• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor

• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor

• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks

Access to System Resources

• Protection against unauthorized access• Logins and passwords

Personal Computer Operating Systems

Workgroup Operating Systems

• Netware• Windows NT Server 4.0• Windows 2000 Server• Unix• Red Hat Linux• Mac OS X Server

Enterprise Operating Systems

• IBM’s OS/390• HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with

integrated POSIX)• IBM’s z/OS• Linux

Consumer Appliance Operating Systems

• Windows CE.NET• Mobil Linux• Windows XP Embedded• Handheld PC• Pocket PC• Palm OS

Nokia 7650

Utility Programs

Types and Functions of Applications Software

Sources of Software

Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

Personal Application Software

Personal and Application Software

TurboTax

Quicken

Word Processing

Spreadsheet Analysis

Database Applications

Graphics Programs

On-Line Information Systems

Software Suite

Major Components of Leading Software Suites

Workgroup Application Software

• Groupware

• Collaborative computing software

Group Scheduling

Examples of Enterprise Application Software

Enterprise Application Software

Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

Programming Languages

• Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax

• Different languages have different characteristics

Programming Languages

First-Generation Languages

• Machine language• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information

Interchange)

Second-Generation Languages

• Assembly languages• Assemblers• Symbolic language

Third-Generation Languages

Fourth-Generation Languages

• 4GLs• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not

how to get them• Examples: SQL, SAS

Fifth-Generation Languages

• 5GLs• Uses a visual or graphical development interface

to create source language• Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual

Object-Oriented Programming Languages

• Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data

• Encapsulation - group items into an object• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with

multiple objects• Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets

attributes of that class

Object-Oriented Programming Languages

Software Issues & Trends

• Software bugs • Open source software • Software licensing• Software upgrades• Global software support• Antitrust issues for software

How to Deal with Software Bugs

Summary

• Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware

• Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware

• Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks

• Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Software: Systems and Application...

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