www.ecn.nl

Local Manufacturing & Production Aspects for Solar Cells & Modules

Iresen ECN Workshop, RabatNovember 16, 2015

Martin Späth

www.ecn.nl

From Silk Road to Silicon Solar Road

Contents• Introduction

– Installed Solar Capacity Sun belt

• Private Sector PV Manufacturing– Qatar Solar Energy– Mission Solar USA– Yingli Solar China

• Solar Academy – Technology Transfer & Capacity Building

• Manufacturing Aspects High Efficency Solar Cells & Modules– Dutch Solar Alliance

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Global market outlook for PV

2014: 182 GW world total

Market trends: Solar belt

Europe91GWUSA

16GWChina28GW

Japan22GW

2014: Outside the Solar belt 157 GW installed2014: Inside the Solar belt 25 GW installed

Private Sector PV Manufacturing

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ECN n-type technology roadmap

Cell and Interconnection

technology

in mass production

efficiency,modulepower

n-Pasha

n-MWT

n-IBCConductive

back-sheet foil interconnection

Rear patterning IBC Major innovation

steps

factory-ready under development

Mercury architecture

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n-PASHA cell technology

n-type Czp+ emitter

n+ BSF

• Emitter & BSF co-diffusion• Both sides SiNx passivation

and ARC• H-patterned front and rear

metallization• Symmetric, bifacial solar cell,

suitable for very thin wafers• Enables bifacial modules

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Bi-facial modules (n-Pasha) glass/glass• Cell same on front and back

– Light collected on both sides

• Module of 2m x 1m– Output with rear side covered: 345 W– Output with white reflector behind module: 395 W

• Annual energy output dependent on– orientation of module– Type of surface reflectivety– Can be up to 30% more

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ECN Solar cells & modules:From lab to fab & field in 1 year

n- type technology transfer history

Production proven technology…

Mission Solar Energy

Qatar

Integrated cell and module architecture: n-MWT cell

Base: p Base: pn+ Base: pn+ Base: pn+ n+ emitter

rear Al

ARC

MWT Ag

Front Rear

Status: Industrial process

Avg : 20.8% with best cell eff. of 21%

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Production of novell solar cells & modules

Solar Academy

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Solar Academy• ECN Solar Energy has broad experience on training PV employees• These have been executed as the Solar Academy

• Aim: Train starting employees of solar cell and module manufacturing companies– Managers– Operators– R&D employees– Installers

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Solar Academy courses

• Solar cell manufacturing and quality control– PV Overview– Operation of solar cells– Solar cell production processes + characterisation per step

– Cleaning, diffusion, wet-chemical etching, SiN deposition and metallisation

– Practical run on ECN solar cell pilot line– Plus characterisation at cell level

• PV modules: manufacturing and liftime aspects• Solar Industry for managers• Installation aspects

• Followed by ECN technology transfer on location

Manufacturing Aspects High Efficency Solar Cells & Modules

DUTCH SOLAR ALLIANCEGLOBAL EXPERTISE ACCELERATING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND DELIVERY

Process flow

Strategy

Process & Technology

Building, Utilities & Infrastructure

Project management & Consultancy

Education & Knowledge transfer

Financial Consultancy

Strategy

What are your ambitions?

What is your value proposition?

Who is your client?

Which resources are required?

How do you react on future developments?

Together, we roadmap your future!

Strategy

Two layer set-up

Smaller foot print Less piping High safety level

Modular set-up

Fast-track Cost-effective Flexibility / adaptability

Strategy

Factory designed for over 100MWp till …GWp

Feasibility / masterplan Local vs. Central Utility concepts (or

combination) Chosen Technology Integrated or Cell or Modules 1-layer vs 2-layers Phasing

Factory designed for pilot up to 100MWp

Feasibility / masterplan Brownfield vs greenfield Chosen Technology Integrated or Cell or Modules 1-layer vs 2-layers Connection to existing utilities

Process & Technology

PERC

MWT

bifacial

Thank you for your attention

ECNWesterduinweg 3 P.O. Box 11755 LE Petten 1755 ZG PettenThe Netherlands The Netherlands T +31 88 515 49 49 info@ecn.nlF +31 88 515 44 80 www.ecn.nl

Contact:Martin SpäthSPATH@ECN.NL

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