Essentials for a comfortable transition.

Moving into your new RHEL 8 Home

Marc Skinner

Principal Solution Architect

Ron Marshall

Senior Solution Architect

Predictable updates

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

2

6 monthsMinor updates

3 yearsMajor releases

2 phasesSupport life cycle

Support Lifecycle

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

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10 YearsRegular Support

May 2019General Availability

+3 ELSExtended Life Support

CONFIDENTIAL DesignatorRED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

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At a glance

KERNEL VERSION 4.18+

SYSTEM COMPILER GCC 8.2, LLVM 6.0

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURES Intel/AMD 64-bit, IBM Power LE, IBM z Systems, ARM 64-bit

DEFAULT FILE SYSTEM XFS

PACKAGE MANAGEMENT Yum v4

TIME SYNCHRONIZATION Chrony

NETWORKING NetworkManager

Understanding Content in RHEL 8

Your New RHEL 8 Home

RHEL 8 Content● RHEL 8 content split between BaseOS and AppStream

○ The Application Stream contains modules○ Some content in the Application Stream has a less than ten-year

life cycle● Add-Ons like HA and RS will not be part of the default installation

media● All RHEL SKUs/variants have a shared content set

○ No more separate builds/repos for Server, Workstation, HPC, etc○ “System Purpose” is used in place of the old build variants.

#syspurpose [show, --role=, --sla=, --usage=]● Internal RHEL (8 and beyond) releases & naming have changed to

incorporate the Application Stream build information.

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Simplified access to software

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 repositories

server

optionalsupplementaryextras rhscl dotnet devtools

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 repositories

baseos

appstream supplementary codeready-builder

RHEL 8 BaseOS

● BaseOS content○ Core operating system functionality ○ Traditional RPM packages only○ Not the same thing as “minimal” - contains more than that

● Releases○ 6-month RHEL minor-release cadence○ 6-week batch updates - “z stream”

● Supported life of content○ Follows full RHEL lifecycle - 10 years, in phases

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RHEL 8 Application Stream● aka “AppStream”● AppStream Content

○ No AppStream packages required to run BaseOS○ Application Stream is RHEL

■ Not an add-on product or something you purchase separately

○ Desktop, apps, libraries, etc.○ AppStream replaces RHSCL, Extras, DotNet, and other repos○ Software Collections content is in, or transitioning to,

AppStream

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RHEL 8 Application Stream

● Releases○ 3-month updates - RHEL minor + an interim-release

■ Minor releases align BaseOS and AppStream updates■ AppStream/Quarterly releases enable rapid change for non-BaseOS

content○ 6-week batch updates - “z stream”

● Supported life of content - variable○ Most will follow full RHEL lifecycle - 10 years, in phases

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RHEL 8 Media

● Boot ISO ○ Boot up, point to an external repo for content ○ Use RHEL 8 BaseOS [and AppStream] repos

● Install DVD ISO○ Includes all of BaseOS and AppStream

● Custom media spins○ Use Image Builder to include your desired content and/or cloud

images (VMware, AWS, Azure, Openstack/KVM)○ More on Image Builder

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Package Management

Your New RHEL 8 Home

The newest yum package manager: version 4

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New technologyMaintains the same experience while adding new tools

Better dependency managementOffers faster resolution and easier minimization of what's installed

Stable APIProvides new application programming interface (API) for extending yum that will progress into the future

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

Repository

rpm

rpm

rpm

rpm

rpm

rpm

metadata

rpm rpmrpm

system

yum

yum

● Based on upstream DNF technology● Performance improvements

○ Verify○ Clean

● Stable API for plugins● Module functionality

# yum module [list, enable, info, reset] PACKAGE_NAME

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rpm-4.14

● Performance improvements● Packaging files larger than 4Gb● Allows parallel debuginfo package installs

○ Great improvement for support delivery!!

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Proactive Remediation with RHEL 8

Your New RHEL 8 Home

Buy

Red Hat InsightsNow included with all Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscriptions

Get

Gain operating intelligence

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Analyze Identify Prioritize Resolve

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

More than just securityRed Hat Insights has more than 1000 rules—here is how they stack up across categories

Availability 44%Security 15%Stability 27%Performance 14%

SECURITY

STABILITY

PERFORMANCE

AVAILABILITY

Key risks discoveredTailored resolution steps included for resolution

Performance issueNetwork interface is not performingat maximum speed

Security risk detectedPrivilege escalation

Availability OpenShift operations fail if insufficient CPU or memory

Recommended actionCheck cable, connections, and remote switch settings

Recommended actionApply mitigation and update the kernel

Recommended actionIncrease CPU and/or memory reservation

StabilityFilesystem has exceeded95% capacity

Recommended actionIncrease free space on the host.

Data collection

Red Hat Insights

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No sensitive data collected—only data needed for rule analysis

Example files

/etc/redhat-release /proc/meminfo/var/log/messages/boot/grub/grub.conf/boot/grub2/grub.cfg/etc/modprobe.conf

Commands

/bin/rpm -qa /bin/uname -a/usr/sbin/dmidecode/bin/netstat -i/bin/ps auxcww

We do not collect log files, but we collect the lines that match a potential rule (e.g., page allocation failure.)

Detect and fix issues with Red Hat Insights

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Proactive adviceIdentification of issues before they become problems

Continuous assessmentReal-world results to help find new risks

Simpler remediationsTailored results at the host level

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

Updated Operating System Components

Your New RHEL 8 Home

Configuring system wide cryptographic policies

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Central configurationSet acceptable algorithms from a single tool

Improved consistencyCovers multiple cryptographic providers and consumers like TLS, kerberos, and Java

Built-in policiesIncluding legacy systems requiring 64-bit security and FIPS allowed or approved algorithms

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

Default

LegacyClient

Future

Encryption algorithm OpenSSL

httpdSecured

communications

Speed automation creation with system roles

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Common automationManage multiple versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux from a single role

Reduced reworkImport provided roles to eliminate task creation in playbooks

Easy switching of providersChange between default and optional tools quickly and safely

timesync

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

dbserver

SELinux

network

webserver

kernel-4.18+

● NFTables● New TCP features, performance, scale

○ New congestion algorithms■ BBR: Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT from Google■ NV: New Vegas from Facebook

● 5-level paging (128 PiB Virtual Memory)● NVDIMM storage

○ Intel Optane DC

● New hardware support○ AMD EPYC

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New Features :: 8.1

● Security○ FIPS-140○ Common Criteria○ TPM 2.0 userspace tools○ rngd can run as non-root

● Cockpit updates○ Firewall zones○ Log filtering based on services○ Enable/Disable SMT

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● Kernel Live patching only○ No special request required any

longer○ Regular content stream

● 400 additional Insights rules○ SAP focused○ Microsoft SQL○ Satellite 6.6

New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● Performance Co-Pilot○ New Microsoft SQL Server 2019 support○ Grafana PCP integration

● Streamline Installation Process○ Addition of subscription registration○ Optionally enable RH Insights○ Use Boot ISO to install from CDN (latest)

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● Samba update○ Rebased to 4.11.2○ SMB1 protocol disabled

● Cockpit○ UI updated to PatternFly v4○ Session timeout configurable○ TLS client certificate support○ Smart Card or YubiKey

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● Image Builder○ cloud-init support for Azure images

● Tuned profile updates and rebased to 2.13.0○ SAP-Hana○ Latency-performance○ realtime

● BIND rebased to 9.11.3○ DDoS attack: stale-answer○ New GeoIP2 library for logs

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● Crypto-policies can be customized

● SCAP Security Guide○ Added ACSC (Australian Cyber Security Center)

● New SELINUX tools○ setools-gui○ setools-console-analyses

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● audit rebased to 3.0-0.14

● Clevis update○ List Policies○ Key Status○ Rebind Keys○ Extract Passphrase

● rsyslog rebased to 8.1911.0

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● whois package added

● Rebased Developer Tooling○ GCC Toolset 9.1○ Python 3.8○ Maven 3.6

● firewalld rebased to 0.8○ JSON libnftables support

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New Features :: 8.2 Beta

● HA new PCS options○ pcs resource disable --simulate: show effects of disabling specified resource(s)

while not changing the cluster configuration○ pcs resource disable --safe: disable specified resource(s) only if no other

resources would be affected in any way, such as being migrated from one node to another

○ pcs resource disable --safe --no-strict: disable specified resource(s) only if no other resources would be stopped or demoted

○ pcs resource relations : command allows you to display the relations between cluster resources in a tree structure

○ pcs dr : display status of both primary and recovery sites

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Installer, Web Console, Image Builder

Your New RHEL 8 Home

Installer

● The look of the RHEL 8 installer will look similar to what you are familiar with in Fedora and RHEL 7.

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Installing from Satellite

● Satellite 6.4+ supports the ability to manage multiple installation repositories specified for a particular OS.

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Installing via Kickstart

Use Red Hat Labs Kickstart Converter to convert from RHEL7 to RHEL8 kickstart file:

https://access.redhat.com/labs/kickstartconvert

Use Red Hat Labs Kickstart Config to create from scratch:

https://access.redhat.com/labs/kickstartconfig

Kickstart Changes (very long URL - Appendix B - Advanced Install)

https://red.ht/2QXsnjC

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html-single/performing_an_advanced_rhel_installation/index/

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RHEL Web Console

● Cockpit is a user-friendly, web-based interface for administering RHEL servers. It allows monitoring of system resources and adjusting of configurations with ease. It’s the modern Linux admin interface.

● Bits are installed by default, disabled by default.● Runs on socket.● systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

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Web Console FeaturesMany Web Console features are being actively developed. Some will only be available in the Beta, 8.0, or 8.1.● What’s new in Web Console for RHEL 8

○ IdM ○ Firewall services○ Storaged○ SELinux○ authselect○ Performance Co-Pilot○ Network Based Disk Encryption○ Virtualization

Create images for all your environments with

image builder

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Single sourceLets you create gold images for any environment from the same blueprint increasing stability and consistency

Any footprintSupports public cloud, private cloud, enterprise hypervisors, and bare metal

Simple interfaceProvides web-based view within the web console for selecting packages and creating blueprints

Blueprint

Bare metal

Hypervisors

Public clouds

Private clouds

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

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Image BuilderA tool to let architects build their own OS without teaching them how to get good at it.

Upgrading from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8 with Leapp and BOOM

Your New RHEL 8 Home

Upgrade Paths

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RHEL 5

5

RHEL 6

6

RHEL 7

7

RHEL 8

8

Overlayor

Rolling(no automation from Red Hat)

In-PlaceUpgrade(via IPU)

In-PlaceUpgrade

(via LEAPP)

RUN LEAPP

CREATE BOOTABLE LVM SNAPSHOT

Can I upgrade this host?

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RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 8

PICK CANDIDATE

SERVER

ANALYZE CHECK OUTPUT

REBOOT TO FINISH UPGRADE

UPGRADECOMPLETE

Leapp & BOOM

● Leapp is a CLI tool that helps users with the installation process and makes the in-place upgrade easier

○ What Leapp does under the hood:■ Preparation of the upgrade process before the first reboot.■ Execution of the upgrade process in RAM disk.■ Execution of minor post-upgrade tasks after the upgrade from RAM disk.

● BOOM is a utility available starting with RHEL 7.5○ This tool allows users to manage additional boot loader entries on the system

46https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/upgrading-rhel-7-rhel-8-leapp-and-boom

At a High Level

● Are you Ready?● Install http Service (Optional test)● Creating snapshots and BOOM entry● Execute the Upgrade Process● Check the New Upgraded System

○ RHEL and kernel version, and IP address○ HTTPD service○ Yum and packages changes after the upgrade

● Set SELINUX to Enforcing

47https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/upgrading-rhel-7-rhel-8-leapp-and-boom

But……...Rollback process

To boot your recently upgraded RHEL 8 box from your previous RHEL 7 operating system, just restart the server and select the appropriate GRUB entry from the GRUB menu.

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Upgrade Paths

● Red Hat currently supports in-place upgrade from RHEL 7.6 Extended Update Support (EUS) to RHEL 8.1.

● Red Hat plans to support an in-place upgrade from RHEL 7.8 to RHEL 8.2

● When the last RHEL 7.x minor version that Red Hat releases is available, Red Hat plans to support an in-place upgrade from the last RHEL 7.x minor version to the latest version of RHEL 8.

49https://access.redhat.com/articles/4263361https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/pdf/upgrading_to_rhel_8/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux-8-Upgrading_to_RHEL_8-en-US.pdf

Known Limitations

● A rollback to the last known good state has not been implemented in the Leapp utility. A complete system backup prior to the upgrade is recommended.

● Packages that are not a part of the Minimal or Base package groups can cause the upgrade to fail.

● Encryption of the whole disk or a partition, or file-system encryption currently cannot be used on a system targeted for an in-place upgrade.

● No Multipath or any kind of network storage mount can be used as a system partition (for example, iSCSI, FCoE, or NFS).

● During the upgrade process, the Leapp utility sets SELinux mode to permissive.● The in-place upgrade is currently unsupported for on-demand instances on Public

Clouds (Amazon EC2, Azure, Huawei Cloud, Alibaba Cloud, Google Cloud).

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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html-single/upgrading_to_rhel_8/index#known-limitations-upgrading-to-rhel-8

Special Notes

● Read and heed all notes and documents carefully ○ Especially if you get ERRORS○ See /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt

● You will need some space on your partition● It’s faster if you remove deprecated packages (like btfs) first● Disable unused repos (To save time)● You need to fix ERRORS (See Below) before it will complete

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More Information

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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/pdf/upgrading_to_rhel_8/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux-8-Upgrading_to_RHEL_8-en-US.pdf

Top Features and Demo

Your New RHEL 8 Home

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