Post on 05-Apr-2018
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Moving
ForwardTogether
Building Better Relationships
Between Aboriginal People
and the Ontario Government
August 2009
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Aboriginal People in Ontario
According to 2006 Census data, Ontario has the largest
Aboriginal population in Canada.
An estimated 296,500 Aboriginal people live in Ontario,
representing 21 per cent of Canadas total Aboriginal
population.
In Ontario, Aboriginal people make up about two per cent of
the general population.
Those who identify themselves as First Nations or as havingFirst Nations ancestry make up 65 per cent of the Aboriginal
population; Mtis make up 30 per cent; and Inuit, 0.8 per
cent. Others, including those who identify with more than
one Aboriginal group and those who are registered members
of a First Nation but do not claim Aboriginal identity, make
up 3.5 per cent.
The Aboriginal population in Ontario is growing. While the
general population increased by 6.6 per cent between 2001
and 2006, the total Aboriginal population in Ontario grew by
28.7 per cent.
The increase in the Aboriginal population of Ontario may be
attributed to an increase in the birthrate and the number of
people identifying themselves as Aboriginal or as having
Aboriginal ancestry.
The First Nations population in Ontario increased by 20.4
per cent from 2001 to 2006.
The Mtis population in this province increased by 52 per
cent between 2001 and 2006. Again, this may be attributed
to more people identifying themselves as Mtis.
The Aboriginal population in Ontario is young. Approximately
27 per cent are 15 years or younger, compared to about 18
per cent in the rest of the population.
There are 133 First Nations communities in Ontario as
identified by the Chiefs of Ontario.
(Source: 2006 Census. Note that several First Nations chose not to
participate in this census and some were incompletely enumerated.
Additional information was obtained from Indian and Northern AffairsCanada and First Nations websites. The total Aboriginal population
includes an estimated 54,000 First Nations people who did not
participate in data collection by Statistics Canada.)
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Stronger Aboriginal Relationships
The province invests about $600 million annually on programs andservices for Aboriginal people through ministries across the Ontario
government. This includes investments in children and social
services, justice and policing initiatives, and education and training
programs.
In 2007, Ontario created the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs to
develop, coordinate and manage constructive relationships with
Aboriginal people and organizations, both on and off reserves. We
also support Ontarios relationships with the federal government and
other provincial and territorial governments on Aboriginal matters.
Some of our activities include maintaining existing relationshiptables, exploring opportunities to create new relationship tables and
developing new ways to respond to disputes. What follows are some
examples of progress on the relationship front since June 2007.
Ipperwash Inquiry Priorities And Action CommitteeSince its establishment in spring 2008, the Ipperwash Inquiry
Priorities and Action Committee (IIPAC) has worked to prioritize
the recommendations from the Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry
in a way that will best meet the needs of First Nations people and
communities in Ontario. The committee, co-chaired by OntarioRegional Chief Angus Toulouse and Minister of Aboriginal Affairs
Brad Duguid, established six working groups on key priorities.
Recent government initiatives have stemmed from these priorities,
such as the launch of the New Relationship Fund, which helps build
capacity in Aboriginal communities. IIPAC is made up of First Nations
leadership from across the province and representatives from the
provincial and federal governments. The federal government
participates at the table as an observer.
Framework Agreement with Mtis Nation of OntarioTalks between the Ontario government and the Mtis Nation of
Ontario (MNO) resulted in the signing of an agreement recognizing
the unique history and ways of life of Mtis communities in Ontario.
This agreement, signed in November 2008, has set the course for a
new, collaborative relationship between the Ontario government and
the MNO. Working together, this agreement is intended to improve
the well-being of Mtis children, families and communities while
protecting and promoting the distinct culture, identity and heritage
of Mtis people. The agreement also encourages economic partnership
opportunities that recognize and respect Mtis traditions.
Anishinabek Nation Bilateral RoundtableDuring the Anishinabek Nation Special Chiefs Assembly in Chippewas
of the Thames First Nation in November 2008, Aboriginal Affairs
Minister Brad Duguid and Anishinabek Grand Council Chief John
Beaucage announced a Bilateral Roundtable Agreement between the
Ontario government and 42 First Nations communities in Ontario.
Through roundtable discussions based on mutual recognition,
respect, cooperation and responsibility, the Anishinabek table will
strengthen relationships and result in practical changes to improve
living conditions in First Nations communities.
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The Northern Table/Oski-Machiitawin(New Beginning)Ontario is continuing discussions with Nishnawbe Aski Nation
communities on a number of important issues through the Northern
Table process. This includes land use planning, parks and protected
areas and the development of a notification protocol for licences and
permits issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources.
Letter of Intent with Treaty 3 CommunitiesIn the fall of 2008, a letter of intent to build a new relationship
between the Ontario government and First Nations communities in
Treaty 3 territory was signed by Aboriginal Affairs Minister Brad
Duguid and Grand Council Treaty 3 Ogichidaakwe Diane M. Kelly. The
letter outlines a commitment to work together to address the socio-
economic issues affecting Treaty 3 communities in northwestern
Ontario. A one-time investment of $100,000 was provided to support
face-to-face meetings and relationship building opportunities with the
Ontario government.
Reading of Ojibway PrayerOn June 16, 2008, a traditional Ojibway prayer was included in the
opening ceremonies of the Ontario legislature. It was the first time
an Aboriginal prayer had been read in addition to the Lords Prayer.
The reading of this prayer was the first of a series of prayers from a
variety of faiths that will be read in the legislature on a rotational
basis in addition to the Lords Prayer.
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Improving Social Conditions
Whether on or off reserves, in rural or urban settings, servicesdesigned to diminish poverty and improve the health of Aboriginal
communities are a key priority of the government. The following
are some examples of this work:
Aboriginal Child WelfareEnsuring the safety and well-being of all children in the province is
essential for the Ontario government. The province is active through
programs operating across several ministries. In 2007-08, through
the Ministry of Children and Youth Services, First Nations communities
received $24.1 million for well-being and prevention services,
and six Aboriginal childrens aid societies received $99.2 millionto provide child protection services.
The government also provides $4.4 million in annual funding for
the Aboriginal Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Child Nutrition
Program. These programs are delivered through 18 Aboriginal
service providers to Aboriginal communities on and off reserves.
Culturally appropriate, community-based support is also being
provided to at-risk urban Aboriginal children, youth and their
families through a funding increase for the Akwe:go and Wasa-Nabin
urban Aboriginal programs. Among other initiatives, more than300 licensed off-reserve child care spaces for Aboriginal children
have been created.
Starting in 2008-09, the Ministry of Children and Youth Services is
providing about $194,000 in annual funding to the Ontario Federation
of Indian Friendship Centres to support Student Nutrition Programs
offered when Akwe:go and Wasa-Nabin programs take place.
In 2009, an additional $158,000 in one-time funding was providedto assist with program startup and equipment purchases.
Aboriginal Healing and Wellness StrategyThe Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care is investing in
community-based and culturally sensitive health programs for
Aboriginal people by contributing $26.5 million annually to the
Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Strategy. This includes supplemental
funding of about $2.4 million per year for physician and nurse
practitioner salaries, as well as a 2.25 per cent increase, beginning
in 2008-09, for 10 Aboriginal Health Access Centres.
Aboriginal Healthy Babies, Healthy ChildrenThis program is administered by the Aboriginal Healing and
Wellness Strategy Secretariat and provides culturally appropriate
services to Aboriginal families living on and off reserves. The
services are provided by a network of Aboriginal community
workers in 162 communities, with a total of 10,000 clients.
The program budget is $8.5 million.
Dialysis Clinic FundingThe province, in partnership with the Chronic Kidney Disease
Regional Program of St. Josephs Healthcare Hamilton and the
Six Nations of the Grand River, is investing in a 12-station dialysis
satellite program at the White Pines Wellness Centre. The Ministry
of Health and Long-Term Cares contribution of $1.6 million will
be used to establish the satellite clinic that will house the stations.
The program will initially open with six treatment stations.
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Sioux Lookout HospitalThe Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care is working inpartnership with the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre,
28 First Nations and the federal and municipal governments to
develop a new First Nations Centre of Health Excellence in Sioux
Lookout. Together, the provincial and federal governments are
contributing almost $133.2 million to this state-of-the-art centre,
which is now under construction. This new centre will increase
access to health care for residents of Sioux Lookout and its
surrounding communities.
Community, Social and Friendship CentresThe Ontario government is improving the lives of Aboriginal people in
Ontario through the $14.7-million Aboriginal Community Capital
Grants Program (ACCGP) with investments in construction and
programming provided by community centres and friendship centres.
A recent example of this support is $750,000 in funding provided to
the Pikangikum First Nation to build a centre that will support its
work in promoting healthy lifestyles and providing skills training.
Provincial support, totalling $176,292, has been provided through
the Aboriginal Community Capital Grants Program to theKapuskasing Indian Friendship Centre resulting in expansion of that
facility. The centre now includes a daycare centre, a new program
for urban youth, a life-long care program for the elderly and
disabled and alternative education counselling services.
Neskantaga First Nation received $750,000 from the ACCGP tobuild the Neskantaga Social Services Centre. This facility now houses
social and community organizations once scattered throughout the
community, allowing it to offer programs and services in one
central location. Services include the Aboriginal Healthy Babies,
Healthy Children Program, child and family services and crisis
prevention programs.
Long-Term Care FacilityOneida Nation of the Thames held the grand opening of its new
64-bed Long-Term Care Centre in June 2008 and preparations are
underway to have the facility running at full capacity by the end of2009. The Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care provided
$4.8 million for the construction and operating costs of this centre.
Off-Reserve Aboriginal HousingApproximately 80 per cent of Aboriginal people in this province
live off reserves. Memoranda of Understanding were signed by the
Ontario government and a number of Aboriginal partner organizations
to administer $80 million in housing programs for more than
800 low income, urban and rural off-reserve Aboriginal households
in Ontario. Housing support will be provided through new affordablerental units, home ownership loans and home repairs.
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Urban Aboriginal StrategyAs part of a $500,000 investment in the well-being of Aboriginalpeople living in urban areas, the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs is
assisting the Toronto Aboriginal Social Services Association in its
research on the needs of Torontos Aboriginal community with a
$100,000 research grant. The results of this research will help
identify solutions that will improve the quality of life of Aboriginal
people living in Toronto. Recent work by the Urban Aboriginal Task
Force in Ontario identified Toronto as an important site for further
research that would complement the task forces 2007 study.
The Aboriginal Education StrategyIn January 2007, the Ontario government launched the Aboriginal
Education Strategy to support learning and achievement for
Aboriginal students. In addition, the strategy helps raise awareness
about First Nations, Mtis and Inuit cultures, histories and
perspectives in schools. The Ministry of Education invested $25
million in 2008-09 to support implementation of the Aboriginal
Education Strategy.
Native Studies and Languages
In 2007, the Ministry of Education introduced a $10.5 million grant:the First Nations, Mtis, and Inuit Education Supplement. In 2008-09
this amount increased by $5 million to more than $15.5 million.
The supplement provides dedicated funding for Native studies and
Native languages programs, as well as funding to support other
programs that assist Aboriginal students. Since the release of the
supplement, enrolment in Native language courses has increased
from 1,489 students in 2006-07 to 1,963 students in 2008-09.
Post-Secondary EducationThe government is committed to providing accessible, high-quality
education and training to Aboriginal people. The Ministry ofTraining, Colleges and Universities supports the success of
Aboriginal students enrolled in post-secondary institutions through
the Aboriginal Education and Training Strategy (AETS) and the
Access to Opportunities Strategy and extends support to Aboriginal
post-secondary institutions. Approximately 11,000 self-identified
Aboriginal post-secondary students are enrolled at colleges and
universities that currently receive funding through special
purpose grants.
Begiizhik Nahwegahbow, aged 10 one of six young writers to receive
the Aboriginal Youth Creative Writing Awards in 2008. The awards give
Aboriginal youth an opportunity to showcase outstanding writing and be
honoured at an awards ceremony in the Ontario legislature.
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In 2008-09, Ontario provided $24.4 million for Aboriginal post-secondary education and training, of which $15.4 million was
invested in post-secondary education and $9 million in training. The
funding includes the AETS ($8.1 million); specific Aboriginal
professional programs, including teacher education, aviation and
nursing ($1.3 million); and the Access to Opportunities Strategy for
new initiatives ($6 million). The purpose of this funding is to build
and improve access to post-secondary opportunities for Aboriginal
students and increase the number of Aboriginal graduates from
colleges, universities and Aboriginal institutions.
Community SafetyThe Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services is
working with First Nations, through the federal First Nations
Policing Policy (FNPP), to fund culturally appropriate policing for
First Nations communities. Service is provided by self-administered
First Nations police services (94 communities), by First Nations
officers administered jointly by the community and the Ontario
Provincial Police (OPP) (19 communities), or directly by the OPP
(21 communities). The ministry currently funds approximately
470 First Nations constables and supports operations and minor
capital projects, such as modular detachments.
The OPP established the stand-alone Aboriginal Policing Bureau in
September 2007 to strengthen relationships with First Nations
communities; provide support to First Nations policing; and ensure
an appropriate response to Aboriginal issues. The Aboriginal Policing
Bureau is making significant efforts to mentor and engage
Aboriginal youth and to expand educational initiatives for Native and
non-Native students.
Aboriginal Justice ServicesOntario is also working to improve access to, and to address theneeds of Aboriginal people within the justice system. An Aboriginal
Justice Strategy is being developed by the Ministry of the Attorney
General to enable strategic justice and community responses to these
challenges. The following are some examples of this work.
The ministry has created a $2-million Aboriginal Victims Support Grant
Program to offer one-time funding for community-building projects
that will address the needs and issues faced by Aboriginal victims.
The Ontario Aboriginal Courtworker Program works to facilitateaccess to justice by helping Aboriginal people understand rights,
responsibilities and options under the law, and how to obtain fair,
equitable and culturally sensitive treatment. It is delivered by 38
court workers serving 41 courts across Ontario and administered
through the Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centres and
Aboriginal Legal Services of Toronto. Ontario contributes $1.6
million of the $2.6 million cost of the program.
Alternatives to Custody programs for Aboriginal youth in conflict with
the law are also supported through a $1.6 million investment. These
programs are designed, implemented and operated by Aboriginal
community agencies to provide meaningful, culturally enriched
programming that focuses on prevention, diversion and rehabilitation.
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As a result of the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Gladue,four Gladue Service Programs are being provided to courts in the
Greater Toronto Area, Hamilton-Brantford, Kitchener-Waterloo-
Guelph, London, Thunder Bay and Manitoulin District. These
programs include collecting and providing the court with information
about the historic and systemic factors experienced by Aboriginal
people, so that appropriate sentencing approaches are considered.
Community justice programs funding from the Ministry of the
Attorney General has increased by $600,000 to more than $1.4
million annually to help support 10 community justice programs
delivering services to 23 communities.
Ontarios correctional services continue to develop and expandprogramming designed specifically for those from Aboriginal
communities, as well as expanding spiritual facilities in correctional
institutions. Community Elders are available to inmates in all of the
provinces institutions; seven of Ontarios correctional institutions
have sweat lodges; and in 2006, Thunder Bay Correctional Centre
opened a Shkode-kaan. Links between correctional institutions and
First Nations communities are also being strengthened through
Native Inmate Liaison Services, Aboriginal Community Contracts,
Elders and Aboriginal Volunteer Recruitment.
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Strong and vibrant Aboriginal businesses benefit First Nations, Mtisand Inuit, as well as Ontario as a whole. These businesses, along with
the emerging Aboriginal market, a growing customer base and an
untapped pool of talent are all components of the Ontario economy
that the government works to promote. By working together,
communities, government and the private sector can create new,
sustainable industries, businesses and jobs that will support Aboriginal
people into the future. What follows are some examples of government
activities in this area.
Gaming Revenue Sharing Agreement
The Gaming Revenue Sharing Agreement signed by Chiefs acrossOntario will help provide greater economic sustainability for First
Nations communities. The agreement, worth more than $3 billion
over 25 years, draws on provincial gaming revenues and provides
long-term, stable revenue that First Nations can use to invest in
improvements in quality of life and to help strengthen communities.
Resource Benefits SharingThe Ontario government and Aboriginal partners are working together
to develop a province-wide plan to include Aboriginal communities in
the socio-economic benefits from natural resource development inOntario. Some of the benefits could include improved local economic
development opportunities, skills training and job creation for
Aboriginal communities. In April 2009, the Ontario government made
a financial commitment of $30 million toward the initiative to be
shared once a Resource Benefits Sharing plan is in place.
Far North Land Use Planning ProcessThe planning process for the Far North enshrines a new respect and
working relationship with First Nations through land use planning.
Community-based Land Use Plans will be led by First Nations working
jointly with the Ministry of Natural Resources and will require the
agreement of local First Nations. Land use planning will give First
Nations a greater say on the future of their communities and will
balance the social, environmental and economic interests of First
Nations and Ontario.
The proposed Far North Act, introduced in June 2009, would result
in a comprehensive land use strategy that would protect 225,000
square kilometres of the Far North Boreal Region. The region is
home to about 24,000 people, most of whom are Aboriginal, living
in 36 communities.
Economic Opportunity and Sustainability
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Modernization of the Mining ActOntario is modernizing its Mining Actto ensure that this legislationpromotes balanced, sustainable development that is respectful of
Aboriginal communities and private land holders, while supporting a
vibrant industry and competitive investment climate.
As part of its extensive consultation initiative, the Ministry of Northern
Development and Mines undertook a comprehensive approach to
engage the broadest possible cross-section of Aboriginal participation
and input. Approximately 100 First Nations participated in some
manner. This included:
15 workshops and regional sessions with First Nations
communities, Treaty organizations, Tribal Councils and the Mtis
Nation of Ontario;
11 individual community meetings; and
Support for an additional 12 community workshops hosted and
delivered by the Union of Ontario Indians.
Legislation was introduced in April 2009.
New Relationship Fund
Ontario is helping Aboriginal communities and organizations developthe capacity, skills and resources to effectively participate in meaningful
consultations with government and the private sector. Developed with
input from Aboriginal partners throughout the summer and fall of
2008, applications to the New Relationship Fund were first made
available that December. More than half of Ontarios $25 million
commitment to this fund has already reached Aboriginal communities
and organizations and will continue to flow throughout the summer
and fall of 2009.
Telecommunications ImprovementsSince 2007, the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, through
the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation, has invested morethan $5.3 million to improve telecommunications infrastructure in
First Nations in northern Ontario. This investment includes:
$2.8 million in Keewaytinook Okimakanaks K-Net Services to
partner with remote First Nations across northern Ontario to
improve telecommunications;
$1 million to improve telecommunications for all remote First
Nations across the Nishnawabe Aski Nation (NAN) territory; and
The complexity and importance of Aboriginal issueshave outgrown the institutional arrangements dedicatedto them within the provincial government. Accordingly, Ihave recommended that the provincial government createa Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, with a clear mandate andauthority, with its own minister and a seat at the cabinettable, and Deputy Minister, and its own budget.
Creating this ministry would go a long way towardensuring that Aboriginal issues receive the priorityand focus they deserve, and it would also herald acommitment by the province to a new constructiverelationship with Aboriginal People. The Honourable Sidney B. Linden on the public release of the
Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry
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$1.5 million to the Mushkegowuk Council for improvements tothe Western James Bay Telecom Network to bring high-speedInternet to communities along the western James Bay coast.
Transportation and AccessSafe and reliable access to First Nations communities is important tobuilding prosperity. Ontario is investing $546 million in 2008-09 toexpand and repair northern highways. In 2008-09, the governmentalso provided $4 million to build winter roads that link communities inOntarios Far North to the provincial highway and railway systems.
Ontario owns and operates 29 airports in Aboriginal communities. Theannual budget for maintenance and capital programs for 2008 wasmore than $9 million. These airports provide essential year-roundaccess to services such as health care, social services and fuel forelectric generators.
Business CentresAll across the province, the government is working in partnership withFirst Nations and Mtis communities to develop local economies andcentres of knowledge. As mentioned earlier in this report, since 2003,$14.7 million in capital grants have been provided to First Nations
communities to build or renovate community and business centres.Funding for feasibility studies and programming, with an eye toincreasing economic sustainability, has also been provided resulting in amarked increase in the level of business development.
Funding for the construction of the Tyendinaga Mohawk BusinessCentre, located near the City of Belleville, is one of many examplesof this type of support. Until the centre was built, more than100 independent businesses in the Bay of Quinte community werehaving difficulty finding new space for development. Now, new
businesses and potential business partnerships are being developed
between the First Nations and the surrounding communities of PrinceEdward County, Lennox and Addington.
Whitefeather Forest Land Use StrategyWorking in partnership, the Pikangikum First Nation, the Ministry ofNatural Resources and industry partners developed the Land UseStrategy for Whitefeather Forest. The strategy provides direction fornew protected areas, road access, resource-based tourism and forestmanagement for 1.3 million hectares and is an excellent example ofcollaborative planning for the future. Approval for other forestmanagement activities under the Environmental Assessment Actis
currently being sought.
The Bio-Economy and Renewable ResourcesOntario and Aboriginal communities are collaboratively exploringopportunities for involvement in the development of renewable energyprojects and in the emerging bio-economy. Examples include:
The Ministry of Natural Resources Site Release Policy forWaterpower Development, which provides concreteopportunities for Aboriginal communities to be involved in andderive benefits from local hydropower developments through
business-to-business relationships; The Ministry of Natural Resources new Forest Bio-Fibre
Allocation and Use Directive, which provides for priorityconsideration to natural resource allocation for projects involving
Aboriginal communities; and
The Green Energy and Green Economy Act, passed in May 2009,will facilitate the development of partnerships with Aboriginalcommunities for the development of renewable energy projectsand resources.
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Land Claims and Reconciliation
The resolution of land claims is primarily a federal responsibility.
Sometimes, the province has a role due to its involvement in the
historical events giving rise to claims, or because of the impact of
claims on the management of lands and natural resources in the
province. The provinces preferred approach to the resolution of land
claims is by negotiations combined with public consultation. Working
with Aboriginal communities, the federal government and
municipalities, the province strives to achieve enduring and
constructive solutions. We work to help create certainty over lands
and resources, reconcile interests on land issues and partner to
improve the land claim review and resolution process.
Land Claim Settlements and NegotiationsSince 2003, Ontario has signed seven agreements to settle land claimsand land-related issues at Hunters Point, Rainy River and Sand Point,
with the Lake Nipigon Ojibway, Michipicoten, Mohawks of the Bay of
Quinte (Turton Penn), and the Wahta Mohawks. Negotiations have
started with the Chapleau Cree and Chapleau Ojibway First Nations on
treaty land entitlement claims. A negotiations framework agreement
has been signed with the Stanijikoming First Nation and Canada to
work towards resolution of a treaty land entitlement claim.
Creation of New Reserve LandUnder the provisions of the Land and Larger Land Base Framework
Agreement, Ontario has transferred 1,270 hectares of provincial
Crown lands to the Government of Canada to create the Lake
Nipigon reserve. This new land base is located on the south shore of
Partridge Lake, approximately 2 hours northeast of Thunder Bay.
This agreement was put in place to address the circumstances of
First Nations with small reserves or no reserve land. It is a good
example of how establishing reserve land can stimulate economic
development and, in this instance, is helping to build a brighterfuture for the Animbiigoo Zaagiigan Anishinaabek First Nation.
Children riding their bikes along the Albany River in Kashechewan First
Nation near James Bay.
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Plans for Ipperwash ParkThe process of transferring Ipperwash park ownership to theChippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation discussed in the
Ipperwash Inquiry report has started and negotiations on the
future use of the park are well underway. A framework agreement
signed by the Government of Ontario and the First Nation on May
28, 2009 marked real progress toward this goal.
A joint Ipperwash Park Resolution Table has been formed with the
First Nation to develop a plan with the local community for how the
land will be used and managed until the transfer of the park is
complete.
Sam George, who passed away in June 2009, with Minister Brad Duguid
at the dedication of the Sam George Resource Library at the Ministry of
Aboriginal Affairs in November 2008. Mr. George was an Aboriginal activistwhose 10-year fight for justice resulted in an inquiry into the death of his
brother Dudley at Ipperwash Provincial Park. Mr. George was invested into
the Order of Ontario.
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Chippewas of the Thames
AldervilleMississaugas
of Scugog Island
Kashechewan
Chapleau CreeBrunswick HouseChapleau Ojibwe
Aroland
Chippewas of Kettle & Stony Point
Aamjiwnaang
Wahnapitae
Wapekeka
Wahta Mohawks
Curve Lake
HiawathaChippewas
of GeorginaIsland
Munsee-Delaware
Beaverhouse
Mocreebec
Whitewater Lake
Koocheching
Namaygoosisagagun
Missanabie Cree
Fort Albany
Eabametoong
KeewaywinWebequie
Ojibways of Garden River
Caldwell
Moose Cree
Wahgoshig
Kitchenuhmaykoosib InninuwugBearskin Lake
Marten Falls
North Caribou Lake
Kasabonika Lake
Flying Post
Fort William
Nipissing
Wunnumin Lake
Mattagami
Weenusk
Wawakapewin
Fort Severn
Ginoogaming
MichipicotenMatachewan
Mishkeegogamang
Seine River
Sachigo Lake
Sandy Lake
Kiashke Zaaging Anishinaabek
Saugeen
Constance Lake
Deer Lake
Oneida of the Thames
North Spirit Lake
Delaware
Muskrat Dam
Cat Lake
Nibinamik
Poplar HillNeskantaga
Lac Des Mille Lacs
Pikangikum
Mohawks of Akwesasne
Six Nations of the Grand River Territory
Algonquins of Pikwakanagan
Whitesand
Bkejwanong Territory
Temagami
Ojibways of Pic River
Red Rock
TaykwaTagamou
Pays Plat
Hornepayne
Attawapiskat
Ojibways of Batchewana
Animbiigoo Zaagi'igan AnishinaabekBiinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek
Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek
Lac La Croix
Kingfisher Lake
Mississaugas of the New Credit
Long Lake #58
Pic Mobert
MacDowell Lake
Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte
Slate Falls
Chippewas of Rama
Rainy River
Lac Seul
Eagle LakeWauzhushk Onigum
Wabigoon
Wabauskang
Northwest Angle #33
Ochiichagwe'Babigo'ining
Big Grassy
Naicatchewenin
Grassy Narrows
Obashkaandagaang
Couchiching
Naotkamegwanning Anishinabe
Nigigoonsiminikaaning
Shoal Lake #40
Wabaseemoong
Ojibways of Onigaming
Northwest Angle #37
Iskatewizaagegan #39
Anishnaabeg of Naongashiing
Stanjikoming
Atikameksheng Anishnawbek
Dokis
Wikwemikong Unceded
Sagamok AnishnawbekMississauga #8
Henvey Inlet
Serpent River
Chippewas of Nawash Unceded
Chippewas of Saugeen
Whitefish River
Beausoleil
Magnetawan
Shawanaga
Sheshegwaning
Wasauksing
Thessalon
M'ChigeengSheguiandah
Aundeck Omni Kaning
Moose Deer Point
Zhiibaahaasing
0 240 480 720 960120 Kilometres
First Nations
in Ontario
INSETA
INSETA
INSET B
INSET B
The above map shows the locations of First Nations in Ontario.The information contained in this map has been compiled fromvarious sources and includes First Nations not defined as a Bandwithin the meaning of the Indian Act. The map is provided as ageneral visual aid only and should not be used or interpreted as a
representation of the boundaries of First Nations reserves or acomplete list of First Nations. The Government of Ontario accepts
no responsibility or liability for any errors, inaccuracies and/oromissions in this data.
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Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs160 Bloor Street EastToronto, Ontario, CanadaM7A 2E6
www.ontario.ca/aboriginal
ISBN 978-1-4249-9583-7 (Print)
ISBN 978-1-4249-9584-4 (HTML)
ISBN 978-1-4249-9585-1 (PDF)
Jeremiah Mason, Aboriginal Artist
Jeremiah Mason is Oji-Cree from
Kee-way-win First Nation in northern
Ontario and currently lives in London,Ontario. He comes from the
Kakepetum/Mason family and is
of the Wolf Clan.
Jeremiah started drawing and painting at a young
age, working mainly with black acrylic ink on cold
press paper. Over the years, he has incorporated
colours into his art that represent the earth, sky,
sun and moon. Jeremiah credits his uncle, and other
family members who are artists, as his inspiration.
This painting represents cooperation, unity, direction
and time. The four main colours red, yellow, black
and white represent unity. The faces represent
cooperation or the idea of people working together
with one mind to achieve a goal. The feathers
represent the four directions: north, south, east and
west. The circle of sweetgrass represents time the
direction in which life flows.