MOTIVATIONAL THEORY

According to John KellerCompiled from the website: http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm

FOUR CATEGORIES OF MOTIVATION

1. Attention2. Relevance3. Confidence4. Satisfaction

1. ATTENTION

PERCEPTUAL AROUSAL

Gain and maintain attention

Use surprising or uncertain events

INQUIRY AROUSAL

Stimulate information seeking behavior

Pose or have learner generate questions

VARIABILITY

Vary elements of instruction

2. RELEVANCE

FAMILIARITY Adapt instruction Use examples Relate to learner personal experience

GOAL ORIENTATION

Examples of instructionPresent goalsHave learner define goals

MOTIVE MATCHING

Use teaching strategies that match motivation profiles

3. CONFIDENCE

EXPECTANCY FOR SUCCESS

Make learners aware of expectations and evaluative criteria

CHALLENGE SETTING Multiple achievement levels Let learners set personal goals Set standards of accomplishments

ATTRIBUTION MOLDING Provide supportive feedback

4. SATISFACTION

NATURAL CONSEQUENCES

Give opportunities to use new knowledge in real or simulated settings

POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES

Feedback and reinforcements

EQUITY

Consistent standards and consequences for accomplishments

RESOURCES Keller, John. (1983) ARCS – Motivational

Theory. Retrieved from http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm October 5, 2009.