Motivation & emotionStephanie Preciado & Roy Navarro

Essential questions

How are people motivated

biologically and by the environment?

What are the different ways people

express emotions in regard to

culture, age, and gender?

Motivation Motivation

o Giving people incentives that cause them to act in desired ways

o Reasons people have for behaving the way they do or doing the things they do

How are people motivated biologically and by the

environment? There are many different theories to why we are

motivated, the following are some examples:o Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needso David McClelland – Power-Affiliation Theoryo Clark Hull – Drive – Reduction Theoryo Push vs. Pull theory

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

Psychologist Abraham Maslow thought that people are motivated by unmet needs.

When a person’s need for something is not met, the person feels driven, or motivated, to meet that need.

Self-actualization - according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow proposed that human beings must fulfil the more basic needs, such as physical and security needs, before being able to fulfill the higher need of self-actualization

Power-Affiliation Theory McClelland believed that our motivation was

based off our need to achieve, for power, and for affiliation.

Need for achievement: o The desire to do something better than it has been done

before Need for power:

o The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people

Need for affiliation:o The desire to maintain close and friendly personal

relationships

Drive Reduction Theory

Clark Hull a behaviorist, created the Drive-Reduction Theory to explain behavior, learning and motivation.

This theory emphasized on our biological needs

Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation

Primary drives: o Those drives that involve needs of the body such as

hunger and thirst Acquired drives:

o Those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

Homeostasis:o The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

9

Drive-reducingbehaviors(eating,

drinking)

Need(e.g., for

food, water)

Drive(hunger, thirst)

Push vs. Pull theory on hunger

Push vs. Pull Theory:1. Internal states of

tension push people certain directions

2. External stimuli pull people in certain directions

What are the different ways people express emotions in regard to culture,

age, and gender?

Emotions

There is really an undetermined number of emotions

Sprecher (1985), who compiled a list of 15 ―folk emotions that have been found to be important to a variety of ethnic groups in love relationships—the domain of this paper. These were: Positive Emotions: joy, love, and sexual excitement. Negative Emotions: anger, anxiety, depression, fear, frustration, grief, guilt/shame, hate, hurt, jealousy, loneliness, and resentment.

Culture differences

Death of family/close friends, physical separation from loved ones, and world news triggered sadness for Europeans and Americans more frequently than it did for Japanese; Problems in relationships triggered sadness more frequently for Japanese

Situations involving relationships triggered anger more frequently for Americans than Japanese; Situations involving strangers triggered anger more frequently for Japanese

Culture differences

The Japanese hide their emotions in public and in front of important figure

Americans and Europeans are more expressive of their emotions

Cultural differences

Gender differences

There is no differences in the emotions Society usually want men to hold their

emotion into themselves

Age differences

Emotion can be controlled easier due to the shrinking of the hypothalamus

An older woman’s daughter-in-law just gave birth to her fifth grandchild. However, her daughter-in-law and son were quite insulting instructing her on how to hold the baby. In order not to escalate the conflict, the older woman gently gave the baby back to the mother and left the hospital room to vent her emotions alone. She did not want to cause a fight with her family at such a vulnerable time. Later, when things calmed down, she would revisit the issue with her family.

Work cited Beeler, J. (2012, January 8). Motivation and action: a chicken and egg problem? | SynaptoGaming. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from

http://synaptogaming.com/2012/01/08/motivation-and-action-a-chicken-and-egg-problem/

Blanchard-Fields, F. (n.d.). Older Adult Expertise in Emotion Regulation: Gains and costs. Retrieved February 23, 2014, from https://

smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/25067/presentation.ppt?sequence=3

Bodish, E., & Witt, M. (2013, January 15). Drive reduction theory. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://

www.slideshare.net/erinbodish/drive-reduction-theory

Chapter 11 - Motivating Employees. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2014, from http://

highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073381519/781862/Chap011.ppt

Chapter 12 & 13 - Motivation and Emotion. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2014, from http://

web.nsboro.k12.ma.us/algonquin/faculty/socialstudiesteachers/godbout/documents/psych.ap.stress.motive.emotion.pdf

Culture and Emotion Part Two. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2014, from

https://www.utsa.edu/lhri/3053%20Cross-Cultural/March%2019%20-%20Culture%20and%20Emotion%20Part%20Two.ppt

Works Cited Employee Motivation: Foundations and Practices. (n.d.).

Retrieved February 28, 2014, from http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~whdecker/MGMT425StudentSlidesbyChapter/Chap005.ppt

Feldman, R. S. (n.d.). Arousal Approaches: Beyond Drive Reduction. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/intro/cafe/prof/ppt/chap10/sld007.htm

Hatfield, E., Rapson, R. L., & Le, Y. L. (n.d.). Ethnic and Gender Differences in Emotional Ideology, Experience, and Expression. Retrieved February 23, 2014, from http://interpersonaabpri.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/paper-3_ethnic-and-gender-differences-in-emotional-ideology1.pdf

Huffman, K. (n.d.). Psychology in Action - Sixth Edition. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from http://www.wiley.com/college/huffman/0471394955/ppt/lecture/hpp13428.ppt

McLeod, S. (2007). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Simply Psychology.Retrieved February 22, 2014, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

Works Cited Motivation and Emotion - Chapter 9. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://

www.rcgates.com/psyc/chapter9.ppt Motivation and Emotion. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http://

www.appsychology.com/appsychPP/appsychology/APPsychNewPP/Motivation%20and%20Emotion/Motivation_and_Emotion.ppt

Motivation and Emotion. (n.d.). Retrieved February 25, 2014, from http://www.painesville-township.k12.oh.us/userfiles/634/Classes/1925/AP%20-%20Motivation-1.ppt

Motivation in Organizations. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2014, from https://umdrive.memphis.edu/rbhagat/Mgmt4420/Chap06.ppt

Motivation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://swa1.albertlea.k12.mn.us/cmcintyre/Shared%20Documents/Education%20Information/Motivation.ppt

Theories of Motivation Ppt Presentation. (2013, March 27). Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/jevin16288-638686-theories-of-motivation/

Pfirman, M. (2010, September 19). psycovate: Push Pull Theory. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from http://www.psycovate.com/2010/09/push-pull-theory.html

Principles of Psychology. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2014, from http://frhsd.com/district/files/principles%20of%20psychology.pdf