MotivationMotivation

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OverviewOverview

What is Motivation?What is Motivation? Motivation TheoriesMotivation Theories

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Tips for Motivating SubordinatesTips for Motivating Subordinates

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Webster’s DefinitionWebster’s Definition

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION: an impulse,emotion, desire, or: an impulse,emotion, desire, or

psychological need acting as incitement to psychological need acting as incitement to action.action.

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Motivation DefinedMotivation Defined

Getting people doing what needs to be Getting people doing what needs to be done because done because they want to do itthey want to do it..

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION IS INTERNALIS INTERNAL

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Motivation DefinedMotivation Defined

Motivation ChainMotivation Chain

AbilityAbilityDesireDesire

RewardReward

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Maslow’sMaslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs

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MASLOW’S

HIERARCHY

OF

NEEDS

SurvivalSurvival

SafetySafety

BelongingBelonging

EgoEgo

Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization

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TIPTIP A Lower Level Need Must Be Satisfied

Before the Next Higher Level Becomes Important in Motivating Behavior.

Only Relatively Unsatisfied Needs are Capable of Motivating People.

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SurvivalSurvival

Food Clothing Shelter

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SafetySafety

Physical SafetyPhysical Safety• Safe from harmSafe from harm

Psychological SafetyPsychological Safety• Job, Retirement, Savings AccountsJob, Retirement, Savings Accounts

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Belonging/SocialBelonging/Social

LoveLove AcceptanceAcceptance ApprovalApproval WarmthWarmth

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Esteem/EgoEsteem/Ego

RecognitionRecognition WorthWorth StatusStatus Self-RespectSelf-Respect

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Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization

Self-FulfillmentSelf-Fulfillment Personal GrowthPersonal Growth Realizing PotentialRealizing Potential

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McGregor’s McGregor’s Theory X andTheory X and

Theory YTheory Y

McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

People, by nature, don’t like to workdon’t like to work People lack ambitionlack ambition and must be

coerced or forced to workcoerced or forced to work People prefer to be told what to dobe told what to do People resist changeresist change People are gulliblegullible and not overly not overly

intelligentintelligent

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McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

Hard ApproachHard Approach• Coercion (usually disguised)Coercion (usually disguised)• Tight controls over behaviorTight controls over behavior

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McGregor’s Theory XMcGregor’s Theory X

Soft ApproachSoft Approach• Satisfying People’s DemandsSatisfying People’s Demands• Abdication of ManagementAbdication of Management

McGregor’s Theory YMcGregor’s Theory Y

People People maymay actively seek work actively seek work instead instead of avoid itof avoid it

People prefer People prefer participative managementparticipative management People prefer People prefer setting their own goalssetting their own goals People People seek responsibilityseek responsibility

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McGregor’s TheoriesMcGregor’s Theories

Theory XTheory X Management by Management by

External ControlExternal Control Hard and Soft Hard and Soft

ApproachApproach

Theory YTheory Y Management by Management by

Self ControlSelf Control Job EnrichmentJob Enrichment ParticipationParticipation

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Tips for Motivating Tips for Motivating SubordinatesSubordinates

Start with a goal or missionStart with a goal or mission Make the task clearMake the task clear Match the people with the taskMatch the people with the task Remove the roadblocksRemove the roadblocks Give positive feedbackGive positive feedback

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Tips for Motivating Tips for Motivating SubordinatesSubordinates

Give more responsibility when appropriate

Let people work independently Recognize achievements /

contributions Don’t make promises you can’t keep Be a good role model

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SummarySummary

What is Motivation?What is Motivation? Motivation TheoriesMotivation Theories

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs• McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YMcGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

Tips for Motivating SubordinatesTips for Motivating Subordinates