Post on 20-Dec-2014
description
What is Social/Environmental
Justiceand
Why Should We Care
The American Planning Association Ethical Principles in
Planning (adopted in 1992) Calls all those in planning to
Seek first and foremost the benefit of the public interest when engaged in planning activities
Achieve high standards of integrity and proficiency so that public respect for the planning process will be maintained
Continually strive for personal and professional development within the field
What is Social Justice
The concept of Social Justice seeks to ensure all people have access to the public process. In seeking equity in the participation in the process, advocates take steps to ensure traditionally disenfranchised groups are included, particularly when policies and decisions may directly impact them and their future generations.
What is the Environmental Justice Executive Order?
Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (1994)
What does the Environmental Justice Executive Order say?
“Each Federal agency shall make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations”
What are the three fundamental Environmental
Justice principles?
To avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority populations and low-income populations
To ensure the full and fair participation by all potentially affected communities in the decisionmaking process
To prevent the denial of, reduction in, or significant delay in the receipt of benefits by minority and low-income populations
When does the Environmental Justice apply?
When you take the first penny of Federal funds
Who are Environmental Justice populations?
Low-income Middle-income Upper-income
African American
American Indian/ Alaskan Natives
Asian American
Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders
Hispanics
Whites
Where do low-income populations live?
02468
101214161820
MetroAreas
CentralCities
Suburbs Rural
US Census 2000
Are all minorities low-income?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
White (NH)BlackHispanicAsian/ PIAI/ ALOther
8.1
24.922.6
12.8
25.724.4
US Census 2000
Are all low-income minorities?
white (nh)blackhispanicasian/ piai/ alother
15.4 million
8.1 million
7.8 million
1.3 million
0.6 million
3.7 million
White (NH)BlackHispanicAsian/ PIAI/ ALOther
US Census 2000
Are we becoming more diverse?
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Non-HispanicWhite
Hispanic
Non-HispanicMinority
Hispanic and non-Hispanic Minority
US Census 2000
* *
*Hispanics were not broken out as an ethnicity
What laws provide the basis for Environmental Justice?
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, and national origin (minority)
Stafford Act of 1974 which
prohibits discrimination in the distribution of benefits based on income (low-income)
Environmental Justice also comes indirectly from
National Environmental Policy Act (1969) Section 109(h) of Title 23 United States
Code(Federal – Aid Highway Act of 1970)
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act (1970)
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), ISTEA and SAFETEA - LU
US DOT and FHWA Orders and other statutes and regulations
What populations are protected by other statues?
Minorities Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VI and EO 12898 (1994)
Low-Income Stafford Act (1974) and EO 12898 (1994)
Limited English Proficiency
EO 13166 (2000)
Elderly Age Discrimination Act (1975)
Disabled Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973)
Women Federal-Aid Highway Act (1970)
Children EO 13045
National Origin Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VI
Sex, Religion, Familial Status and others
Civil Rights Act (1968) Title VIII (Fair Housing Act) and Federal-Aid Highway Act (1970)