Monday, September 14th

AGENDA• LECTURE: Introduction to

Ancient Greece and Rome– handout

ANNOUNCEMENTS• Bring log books to class

every day• Tuesday, 9/15: OPEN

HOUSE

Wednesday, September 10th

AGENDA• Name Tags out facing me• Entry Ticket • Finish Introduction to

Greece/Rome– Get out handout & “Mental

Virtues” article

ANNOUNCEMENTS• No homework!

Friday, September 12

AGENDA• Library

– Honors – College Bound Reading list

– Non-honors – free choice!

ANNOUNCEMENTS• No homework

Tips on Taking Lecture Notes

• Listen to my voice – what words I…– Repeat/emphasize are important

• Make your notes BRIEF! – Write key words/phrases

• Use abbreviations – Gr = Greek– R = Roman

Essential Question

• If the goal of society is to create a just state, then where does the line fall between the private individual and the public citizen?

• How do Greece and Rome define a “just state”?

The Idiots

• Greek origin of word – “private, separate, self-centered selfish

Idiots DO NOT take part in public life!Why is that a problem???

Idiots DO NOT worry about the public good!Why is that a problem???

PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL VERSUS THE PUBLIC CITIZEN!

ANCIENT GREECE“The Greeks dreamt the dream of

life best.”-Oscar Wilde

ANCIENT ROMEDe Nobis Fabula Narratur

GEOGRAPHY

CHARACTERISTICS of Greece and Rome

ANCIENT GREECE

• ARETE

ANCIENT ROME

• ADOPT AND ADAPT

“ARETE”

• Arete (Greek) virtue; excellence; fulfillment of one’s highest potential and purpose in life

• What historical figures have reached their highest potential?

ADOPT AND ADAPT

• Adopt a good idea and make it great!

GREEK VIRTUES- “Arete”

• SOPHROSUNE– Moderation; Temperance

• DIKAISUNE– Justice

• HOSIOTES– Piety

• ANDREIA– Courage

What Greek virtue did the 6 “Mental Virtues” have in common???

Socrates on ARETE

• “For I go about nothing else than urging you, young and old, not to care for your property more than for the perfection of your souls, or even so much; and I tell you that virtue does not come from money, but from virtue comes money and all other good things to man, both to the individual and to the state.”

Roman Virtues: Via Romana

• Pietas– Duty to the State

• Industria– Hard Work (remember: What works is work!)

• Justica– Sensible laws and governance

• Nobilitas-Nobel action within the public sphere

Compare & Contrast

• What are the differences between Greek virtues and Roman virtues?

• What are the similarities?

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERSSocrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA)

Socrates

• Know Thyself• The unexamined life

is not worth living.• Only the pursuit of

goodness brings happiness.

PLATO (STUDENT OF PLATO’S)

• Concerned with Ethics/Govt• “One of the penalties for

refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors.”

• “Democracy... is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder; and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequals alike.”

ARISTOTLE• Student of Plato’s• “Democracy arises out of the

notion that those who are equal in any respect are equal in all respects; because men are equally free, they claim to be absolutely equal.”

• “The mark of an educated man is to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.”

THE ROMAN PHILOSOPHERSCicero, Seneca, and Plutarch

CICERO• “True law is right reason in

agreement with nature; it is of universal application, unchanging and everlasting…”

• “Equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain.”

• “Let the welfare of the people be the ultimate law.”

• “On him does death lie heavily, who, but too well known to all, dies to himself unknown.”

• “It is not the man who has too little, but the man who craves more, that is poor.”

• “As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.”

SENECA

• “An imbalance between rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of all republics. ”

• “It is part of a good man to do great and noble deeds, though he risk everything. ”

• “No man ever wetted clay and then left it, as if there would be bricks by chance and fortune.”

PLUTARCH

In conclusion…

The Greeks shape bronze statues so real they seem to breathe,

And carve cold marble until it almost comes to life,

The Greeks compose great orations, and measure the heavens so well they

can predict the rising of the stars.

But you, Romans, remember your great arts:

To govern the peoples with authority,To establish peace under the rule of

law,to conquer the mighty, and show them

mercy once they are conquered.Aeneid

THE END!

Governments

DEMOCRACY• POLIS = city state

• DEMOS-KRATIA = people power

REPUBLIC/EMPIRE• RES PUBLICA = things public• 12 TABLES• SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS = the Senate

and the People of Rome(SPQR)

Greek ParthenonGreek Parthenon

ROMAN SENATE

US Supreme Court

600 Years of Greek History

• Monarchy 1000 – 700 BCE

Oligarchy 700-600 BCE

Tyranny 600-500 BCE

Democracy 500-400 BCE

1000 years of Roman History

500 BCE 500 AD

200 yearsPax Romana

Republican form government

Empire(Caesar Augustus)

(509 BCE – 3l BCE)

500 years Rome grew 300 years Rome fell

(30 BCE – 476 AD)

Empire

What can art and architecture reveal about these two great civilizations?

SCULPTUREAncient Greece Ancient Rome

Kore

ROMAN VESTAL VIRGILS

THE AGORA in Ancient Greece

THE AGORA – Today

THE FORUM – Ancient Rome

THE ROMAN FORUM - today

ENTERTAINMENT

THE GREEK THEATER

SOPHOCLES’S Antigone

A tale of rightVersus right

THE ROMAN COLOSSEUM

VIRGIL’S The Aeneid

The Greeks shape bronze statues so real they seem to breathe,

And carve cold marble until it almost comes to life,

The Greeks compose great orations, and measure the heavens so well they

can predict the rising of the stars.

But you, Romans, remember your great arts:

To govern the peoples with authority,To establish peace under the rule of

law,to conquer the mighty, and show them

mercy once they are conquered.Aeneid

THE END!