Post on 18-Aug-2018
368 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani
International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research
IJETSR
www.ijetsr.com
ISSN 2394 – 3386
Volume 4, Issue 3
March 2017
Modelling and Simulation of Wind Turbine using
PMSG
Ajay Samaria*1
, Harsh Kumar Sharma2, Dr. Lata Gidwani
3
Department of Electrical Engineering
Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, INDIA
ABSTRACT This paper presents the modelling and simulation of wind
turbine with permanent synchronous generator. In this
paper, the modelling and simulations of a variable-speed
wind turbine along permanent magnet synchronous
generator is presented. Now a day, the energy production
by wind generators has recently been increasing, because
its creation is green; therefore, the technology designed
for the establishment of energy through wind turbine
brings great challenges in the exploration. A mathematical
model of wind turbine is necessary to understand the
behaviour of the wind turbine over its area of operation
since it allows for the evolution of inclusive control
algorithms that aid in ideal operation of a wind turbine
system. Modelling gives us an overview of the proposed
system and also allow control of wind turbine system’s
performance. Outcome results show that the speed
regulation was very good. In long lasting regime, the
imbalance of rotor speed was almost inconsiderable in
spite of the uninterrupted imbalance of the wind speed
within the interval of 12 to 15 m/s. Simultaneously, the
active and reactive power obtained were in accordance
with the simulation predetermined values.
Keywords— Wind turbine, rotor speed, PMSG.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wind flow is caused by the uneven heating of the
atmosphere by the sunlight, variations in the globe's
surface, and rotation of our planet, Mountains, bodies
of water, and vegetation all influence wind flow
habits. Wind turbines convert the power in wind to
electricity by rotating propeller-like cutting blades
around a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which
turns the permanent synchronous generator. Through
transmission and distribution lines this generated
power is transmitted to the grids and then to
customers[1]. Globally there are now over two
hundred thousand wind flow turbines operating, with
an overall total capacity of 432, 000 MW as of end
2015[2].
Wind energy as the name suggests, is a
renewable source of energy having its own
advantages as saving fossil fuels, less air & water
pollution etc. and the modern technology enabling it
to have a leap forward in recent years[3]. In This
paper, the simulation and modelling of wind turbine
is presented with the use of permanent synchronous
generator connected to it. Here the dynamic
behaviour of wind turbine system modelling has
been shown in first section followed by the
modelling of permanent synchronous generator in
second section.
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
In the present scenario, the world is shifting
toward the renewable energy sources as like wind
energy to suppress electricity shortage and to control
the fast end of fossil fuels. Being a part of this a
wind turbine modelling is presented with its
simulation by using PMSG[4].
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the
dynamics of the horizontal axis wind turbine
(HAWT). In the following section, an overview of
the model is presented by utilizing the mathematical
modelling equations of wind turbine system and
PMSG respectively. Fig.1 shows the block diagram
of the system as wind turbine connected to gear
drive train block followed by PMSG and load.
MATLAB/simulation is used for modelling and
analysis.
Pm
Pm
Voltage
Wind
Wind Turbine 2 Mass Drive Train
Generator
PMSG Terminal
Speed
Model
Model
(V,I)
Wr
Current
Power From Wind
Turbine
Fig.1. Proposed system configuration block
with PMSG
III. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
A. Modelling of Wind turbine
The turbine mechanical power which a wind turbine can extract[5],
369 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani
International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research
IJETSR
www.ijetsr.com
ISSN 2394 – 3386
Volume 4, Issue 3
March 2017
m = blade tip speed and R is the radius of the turbine
rotor.
i
1
0.035 (4)
0.08 3 1
Pm 1 3
(1)
Mechanical torque developed by turbine,
2 C pA U w
Tm Pm (5)
m
B. Modelling of PMSG:
The PMSG is a synchronous generator where the DC
excitation circuit is replaced with permanent magnet. According
to fig. electric equations of PMSG in d q synchronous reference
frame are given by the following equations[7][8].
V sd
R i sd
d sd (6)
s dt dq sq
Fig.2. Turbine Power Characteristics
Where A= area swept by the turbine blades (in m2), =air
density (1.225 kg/m3 at normal temperature), U w =
upstream wind speed (in m/s).
Power coefficient ( C p ) = ratio of mechanical power
generated by the turbine to the power available in the wind. It is a
function of the turbine tip-speed ratio ( ) and pitch angle ( ).
The theoretical maximum value of C p is 0.59 (According to
Betz criterion) while practical value lie between 0.4 and 0.45. A
standard equation has use here as follow[6].
C2
e C5
(2) C C C C i C p
1
i
3 4 6
Where coefficients are C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 and C6
. =blade pitch angle and i = initial TSR.
Tip speed ratio,
m R (3) U w
Vsq Rs isq
d sq
dq sd
(7)
dt
sd
Lsd
isdrd (8)
sq
Lsq
isq (9)
The mechanical equation of PMSG are expressed as
Te 3
p( sd isq rd irq ) (10)
2
J d
Te TL f (11) dt
Where isd and isq = dq components of the stator current
vector,
Vsd and Vsq = dq components of the stator voltage vector, sd
and sq = dq components of the stator flux linkage, rd the
permanent magnet flux linkage, dq = angular electrical rotor
speed , =rotational speed, p the number of pole pairs, Lsd and
Lsq = dq stator inductances, Rs = stator resistance, f =friction
coefficient, J =inertia coefficient and Te =electromagnetic
torque applied to the PMSG rotor[9].
370 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani
International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research
IJETSR
www.ijetsr.com
ISSN 2394 – 3386
Volume 4, Issue 3
March 2017
IV. SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS
A simulink model of a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)
built up using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. In this model, wind turbine shaft is mechanically
connected with permanent magnet synchronous (drive Train PMSG) which is connected to grid
through three phase series RLC
branch[10].Waveform of voltage and current is sinusoidal and the simulation waveform for output
mechanical power and torque (Te & Tm) is also shown which are showing normal behaviour after
attaining a good value for system.
Fig.3. Voltage at the Terminals of Generator
Fig.4. Current at the Terminals of Generator
Fig.5. RMS Voltage at the Terminals of
Generator
Fig.6. RMS Current at the Terminals of
Generator
Fig.7. Output Power at the Generator
Terminal
Fig.8. Rotor Speed of Generator
Fig.9. Output Mechanical Torque
Fig.10 Output Electrical Torque
Fig.11. Three Phase Voltage and Current at
Generator Terminal
371 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani
International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research
IJETSR
www.ijetsr.com
ISSN 2394 – 3386
Volume 4, Issue 3
March 2017
V. CONCLUSIONS
This paper has presented the modelling of fixed-pitch angle wind turbine simulator by using a
MATLAB/Simulink program. The purpose of the modelling wind turbine simulator is: 1) to identify
the mechanical power and torque when a fixed wind speed velocity and 2) thereby identify the power flow
of an induction generator into the load. This paper
highlights importance of complete wind turbine modelling that combines electrical and mechanical
parts. The functionality of the proposed wind turbine simulator scheme is validated by simulation results.
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