Modals

Made by Melanie WittAdapted by Jessica Montgomerie

Bob DylanBlowin’ in the Wind

A protest song - Peace, war, freedom

Listen to song and fill in the blanks

Bob Dylan Blowin' In The Wind

How many roads _____________ a man walk downBefore you call him a man?How many seas must a __________ dove sailBefore she sleeps in the sand?Yes, 'n' how many times ______________ the cannon balls flyBefore they're forever banned?The answer, my ___________, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.

Yes, 'n' how many years can a mountain existBefore it's washed to the sea?Yes, 'n' how many years ___________ some people existBefore they're allowed to be free?Yes, 'n' how ____________ times can a man turn his head,And pretend that he just doesn't __________?The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.

Yes, 'n' how many __________must a man look upBefore he can see the sky?Yes, 'n' how many ears ____________ one man haveBefore he can hear people cry?Yes, 'n' how many __________ will it take till he knowsThat too many people have died?The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind,The answer is blowin' in the wind.

What is the function of each modal?

How could it be said a different way?

How can we answer the questions?

How many roads must a man walk down?

Necessity- Must- Have to - Have got to

How many years can a mountain exist?

Ability- Can - Could

All Modals

S + modal + base form of verb

He might study tonight.

Modals of Possibility

• Use to express possibility about the present or future

• May & Might have almost the same meaning

We may go to the movies.We might go to the movies.We could go to the movies.

May, Might, Could

100% certain

maymightcouldcouldn’tmight notmay not

0% certain

Should, Ought To, Had Better

• Used to give advice

You should do your homework before class.

You ought to check your tire pressure.

You had better call me when you get home.

Necessity; It’s a Rule

Must, Have to, Have got to

100% certain

MustHave to, Have got to

Don’t have to Must not

0% certain

Negative Modals

Must not – It is prohibited

You must not disobey the law.You must not talk in court.

Don’t have to – It is not necessary. You have a choice.

I don’t have to do homework tonight, yay!You don’t have to cook dinner. We are going out.

Modals Affirmative – S + Modal + Verb

We should take a vacation.

Negative – S + Modal + Not + Verb You can’t do that!

Yes/No Question –Modal + S + VerbCan they ski?

Modals Short Answer – Yes/No + S + Modal

Yes, they can.No, they can’t.

Information Question – WHQ + Modal + S + Verb What should I do?When must you arrive?

Subject Question – Who + Modal + Verb Who has to attend? Who might attend?

What is socially accepted in your country?

- In your country, can citizens make jokes about the president?

1. Ask your partner questions about his/her country

2. Make statements based on your partner’s answers

Make sure you use – Must must not – May may not– Could could not– Can cannot

Homework

1. Write an affirmative, negative, and question for the following modal functions:

Possibility – 3 Necessity – 3 Advice – 3 Permission – 3

Modest Mouse

What is a fable or tall tale?

Do you have any in your country?

What are they?

Dashboard

Well, it _________________ been, could've been Worse than you would ever knowOh, the dashboard meltedBut we still have the radio

Oh, it _________________ been, could've been Worse than you would ever knowWell, you told me about nowhere Well, it sounds like someplace I'd like to go

Oh, it could've __________, should've been Worse than you would ever knowWell, the windshield was broken But I love the fresh air, y'know(The dashboard melted but we still have the radio)

Oh, it would've been, could've ______________Worse than you would ever know(The dashboard melted but we still have the radio)Oh, we talked about nothing Which was more than I wanted you to know

Now here we go!

Oh, it would've been, could've been ___________ than it had even goneWell, the car was on blocksBut I was already where I want(It was impossible, we ran it good, we ran it good)

Why should we ever evenEver really even get to know(It was impossible, we ran it good, we ran it good)Oh if the world don't like us It'll shake us just like we were a cold

Now here we go!

Well, we scheme and we scheme but we always blow itWe've yet to crash, but we still might as well tow itStanding at a light switch to each east and west horizonEvery dawn you're surprisingAnd the evening was consolingSaying, "See, it wasn't quite as bad as"Well, it would've been, could've been Worse than you would ever know

I was patiently erasing and recording the wrong episodesAfter you had proved my point wrongIt wasn't like I'd let it goI just wanted to catch the last laugh of this show

Yeah, it would've been, could've been Worse than you would ever knowOh, the dashboard melted, but we still have the radio(The dashboard melted, but we ran it good, we ran it good)

Hard-wired to conceive, so much we'd have to stow itEven needs have needs, tiny giants made of tinier giantsDon't wear eyelids so I don't miss the last laugh of this show(The dashboard melted but we still have the radio)

Oh, we could've been, should've been Worse than you would ever know(The dashboard melted but we still have the radio)Well, you told me about nowhere Well, it sounds like someplace I'd like to go

Now here we go!

Well, we scheme and we scheme but we always blow itWe've yet to crash, but we still might as well tow itStanding at a light switch to each east and west horizonEvery dawn you're surprisingAnd the evening was consolingSaying, "See, it wasn't quite as bad as"

Oh it would've been, could've been Worse than you would ever know

Modals in the Past

I should have gone to bed earlier last nightbecause I am tired.

S + Modal + Have + Past ParticipleI + should + have + gone

Past Probability

Must have + Past Participle

– To make statements that are deductions or logical conclusions

The fisherman must have caught the fish.

Past Possibility

May, Might, Could

The fisherman may have caught the fish.

The fisherman might have been crazy.

He could have been from another planet.

May, Might, Could

100% certain

maymightcouldcouldn’tmight notmay not

0% certain

Homework1. Write 6 sentences about a decision you made in

the past. Use past possibility (3 sentences ) and past probability (3 sentences ) .

For example:

In 2004, I moved from Hawaii to Colorado with my fiancé. I must have been crazy or in love to leave

such a beautiful island.

With a partner…

• Look at the photos.

• What are your impressions of their marriages and lives?

• Use possibility modals in the past to describe their life together.

Example: They might have met in 1948.

Homework

Write about a mistake that you made.

Tell me about what you should have done to avoid the problem.

About 10 sentences.