Post on 20-Aug-2015
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Mobile Terminals as a Mobile Terminals as a
Driver for IPv6 DeploymentDriver for IPv6 DeploymentJohn Loughney
john.loughney@nokia.com
2 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Initial Assumptions
• IPv6 enabled networks are needed, but are not sufficient. Applications& uses will drive the deployment of IPv6.
• Human communication has been end-to-end.
• Mobile terminals have become an extension for person-to-person communication.
• Not enough IPv4 addresses for all devices.
• NAT breaks end-to-end communication.
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• Converged networks (Wireless, home networks, multimedia).
• Address space (IPv4 is running out of space, IPv6 offers 2128 addresses instead of 232).
• Mobility is an embedded part in IPv6, which enables the scalability to global mobility.
• IPv6 has new features optimized better to mobile world (Address autoconfiguration, route optimization, in built mobility, always on).
Future Requirements Drive IPv6
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• 128-bit address space. IP addresses can be permanently assigned to end devices whatever they are
• NAT (network address translation) not needed anymore, end to end functionality can be guaranteed
• Faster routing due to smaller routing tables
• New push services, always on services (reachability and connectivity)
• Embedded mobility and roaming support (Mobile IPv6)
• Operational benefits (e.g easier management with autoconfiguration, plug and play)
• Security integrated to IPv6 (IPSec)
Benefits of IPv6
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IPv6 vs. IPv4
Feature IPv4 IPv6
Address space
Mobility
Security
Autoconfiguration
Large enough, 2128In theory 4 billion, in practice much less
Embedded, scales to global mobility
Can serve a restricted number of terminals
Included in IPv6 to bedeployed global VPNs
Integral part of IPv6standard
Several alternativesand scaling problems
No comprehensivestandard solution (DHCP exists)
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Mobile Devices Need IPv6!
• A huge number of IP addresses are needed for future mobile terminals - IPv6 is the way to do it.
• IPv6 eliminates the use of private IPv4 address spaces and NATs. Future IP applications benefit from global IPv6 addresses.
• Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will be a gradual evolution. From a mobile network point of view the principal transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling.
• Nokia mobile terminals shall start supporting IPv6 (dual stack) in the near future. Symbian Operating System v7.0 including IPv6 (dual stack) support has been released.
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New Applications and Services
• Messaging applications are important - text messages (or SMS) is a good starting point.
• Multimedia messaging (MMS) is about to begin. Mobile terminals with integrated digital cameras are being introduced.
• More applications with demanding bandwidth needs. The cellular data networks will have an important role supporting all these services.
• Mobile devices will have large color displays.
• Instant Messaging, Presence, Java applications, browsing, peer-to-peer applications …
• Streaming with one or several media components, like audio, video …
• 3GPP Release 5 IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) networks will be supporting a wide variety of multimedia services.
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New Services
• Basic Voice• Conference calls
• SMS (short message service) -> MMS (multimedia messaging service)
• Forecast: 100 billion SMS messages / month by the end of 2002
• Store and forward messaging
• Rich Calls • Voice plus picture• Voice plus data• Video calls
• Content sharing (Napster, etc.)
• Location-based Services
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New services and packet traffic will dominate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rich call
Video call
Portal Machine toMachine
Data Access
MultimediaMessages Text messages
Monthly average revenue per user (Euro)
Voice
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Average Traffic per User
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
MB
a M
onth
PS
CS
New multimedia and rich call service experience can only be achieved by moving to All-IP
All-IP, one economical network enabled by system-wide optimised architecture to reduce cost per delivered MByte
ref. Nokia 2002
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Multimedia Messaging - Person to Person
• Text• Graphics• Digital images• Audio clips
• Standardized presentation and timing
• Own content creation
• Content & storage services
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Phone Types
Imaging Media
Premium
Fashion
Classic
Active
Expression
Basic
STYL
E DI
MEN
SIO
N
APPLICATIONAREAS
STYLEVoice Entertainment
Business Applications
FUNCTIONALITY DIMENSION
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Nokia 9210 / 9290 Nokia 7650Communicator Imaging Phone
• New UI
• Display 176x208 pixels
• Integrated Digital Camera & picture storing, viewing andtransfer
• GSM900/1800, GPRS,HSCSD, Bluetooth
• Available in Q2 2002
Nokia D311• the first dual-mode GPRS / WLAN PC Card for the Americas
• Available 3Q / 02
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9210 / 9290 supported protocols
• TCP/IP stack; UDP is also supported
• HTML web browser
• E-mail protocols POP3, IMAP4, SMTP (SSL,TLS)
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Technology Evolution from CS to PS
Time
Wireless Voice
Messaging
MobileInternet
Browsing
Personalised Services
LocationStreaming
mCommerce
MobileMultimedia
Rich call
Services
Handsets
NetworkGSM GPRS EDGE/WCDMAGSM GPRSGPRS EDGE/WCDMA
13kbps 2Mbps Bandwidth13kbps 2Mbps
Wlan 11Mbps
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IPv6 Role in 3G Networks
• The number Internet connected Mobile Terminals is expected to grow rapidly and exceed the number of fixed Internet connected devices in 2003.
• Many GSM/3G operators have an access to only a limited resource of IPv4 addresses
• 3GPP has built in IPv6 as part of the 3G standard (e.g. IP Multimedia Subsystem, IPv6 user plane option in GPRS)
• The major benefit is the possibility to offer IP based services to unlimited number of IPv6 based devices, mobile or fixed.
IPv6 is essential for 3G deployment
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Nokia IPv6 roadmap
•IPv6 in user layer in 3G (R99)•Interworking in GGSN: Dual stack & 6to4 tunneling
•IPv6 mandatory in IM subsystem (3GPP rel. 5)•Dual stack IPv4 / IPv6 terminals available•IPv6 in both user IP layer and network IP layer•MIPv6 based GPRS WLAN Roaming
•IPv6 in All-IP (3GPP rel 6)•IPv6 in IPRAN2004
2002
2003
•IPv6 subnet mobility (mobile terminal works as mobile router)2005
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Dual stack terminals
Mobility Layer
Access Layer
NokiaSGSN
NokiaGGSN
PSTNNokiaPSTNGW
NokiaHSS
NokiaCPS
Network andService Mgmt
WCDMA
GSM/EDGE
TDMA/EDGE
ER
CR
Nokia in 3G Networks
User LayerIPv6
Services
CR
ER
ERER
CR
WDM,SDH,
Dark Fiber
IP/MPLS backbone
Internet
IPv6
Application Servers
NokiaSGSN
NokiaGGSN
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Options for introducing IPv6 into IPv4 networks
• Dual stack approach, hosts and routers support both IPv4 and IPv6.
• Tunneling approach, manually or automatically configured.
• Translation techniques, to let IPv6 and IPv4 clients to talk to each other
Internet, IPv4
Dual stack router,NAT-PT
IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic
Application
TCP/UDP
IPv4 IPv6Data Link
IPv6 IPv6
IPv6 traffic
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IPv6 deployment• Deployment of IPv6 will not happen at once• Transition will be very challenging
MN Dual stack terminal
GRPScore
Operatornetwork
IPv6network
IPv6network
IPv4network
GGSN
EDGErouter
SGSN
6to4
Native IPv6
OperatorIPv4 services
OperatorIPv6 services
Operator network
IPv6
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‘Cellular host IPv6' draft in IETF
• Starting point: a clearly defined IPv6 feature set was needed for a cellular terminal.
• IPv6 covers many aspects, numerous IETF specifications and is also partly still evolving.
• A rapid adoption of IPv6 is desired for cellular terminals.• Cellular terminal software often cannot be upgraded,
yet it must meet tough demands for interoperability.
• The draft defines three functionality groups:• Basic IP includes essential basic parts of IPv6.• IP Security contains IP Security details.• Mobility contains IP Mobility details.
• NOKIA is actively participating this work
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Dual stack Mobile Terminals
GPRScore
Externalservices(IPv6)
GGSNAP1IPv6
AP2IPv6
Gibackbone
(IPv4)
The Internet(IPv4)
Edgerouter
Operatorservices /Intranet(IPv6)
Gibackbone
(IPv6)
IPv6/v4gateway
Dualstackrouter
AP3
IPv4
Gn
SGSN
SGSN
IPv4 PDPcontext
IPv6 PDPcontext
"in IPv4 mode"
"in IPv6 mode"
NativeIPv4host
6to4tunnel
Mobile terminal connection to the IP network
(from 3GPP Rel99 point of view)
• Pure IPv6 PDP connection needs IPv6 support in user layer.
• NATs should be avoided
• Different domains (IPv4, IPv6, ..) behind different Access Points.
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On the Horizon
• Multi-technology devices• GSM/EDGE• WCDMA• Bluetooth• WLAN
• Multi-purpose devices • Phone• PDA phones• Laptops with PC card• Camera• Messaging• Games
• Personal Area Networks
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GPRS BackboneIPv6 (or IPv4)
InternetIPv4
IM SubsystemIPv6
IntranetIPv4
IntranetIPv6
SIPCall Server
SGSN GGSN
GPRS TunnelingProtocol (GTP) tunnels
IPv4 or v6 tunnelled transparently as required
Mobile must use IPv6 to access IM-Subsystem UMTS Network Boundary
All-IP IMS in 3GPP rel 5
Timeframe: 2003-2005
Dualstack IPv4 and IPv6
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Transition Methods
• The main transition mechanisms are• dual IPv4 / IPv6 stacks in network elements and mobile terminals• tunneling (automatic and configured)• IPv4 - IPv6 protocol translators in the network
• The principal transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling; translators (such as NAT-PT) are needed if the communicating elements do not share the same version of IP.
• The most important elements needing dual stacks in the mobile network are GGSN elements, mobile terminals, edge routers and DNS servers.
• IPv6 support is also needed in application servers and proxies, such as WAP gateways, web proxies and E-mail servers.
• The majority of the transition mechanisms is provided by the network in order to keep the mobile terminal functionality as light as possible.
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Mobile IPv6
• Mobile IP is already possible with IPv4, however, Mobile IPv6 offers several benefits:
• Mobility has been an integral part of IPv6 from the start • No Foreign Agent is needed, improves routing, also if
standards change, all Foreign Agents must be modified• Address space limitations of IPv4 will make any usage of
Mobile IPv4 in 3G networks extremely difficult• Route Optimization is built in (Mobile) IPv6, but an add
on in Mobile IPv4• IPv4 has problems that will force the deployment of IPv6
especially in mobile networks• MIPv4 – MIPv6 interworking and co-operation isn’t
properly standardized
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Mobile IP and GPRS - Overview• GGSN is the link between 3G and Internet, takes care of mobility issues• Node B, RNC & SGSN may change during a PDP context, but GGSN always
stays the same. The whole GPRS network looks like a large LAN / Layer 2 network.
⇒There is no need for Mobile IP in a pure GPRS based packet access.
SGSNRNC
GGSNIP network
IP networks(Internet)
GTPGTP
GTP GTP
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• Enables IP session mobility across the GPRS – OWLAN network boundaries, and also between OWLAN Access Points belonging to different IP subnets (typicalcase in large access zones)
• User: no need to restart applications
• Home Agent: new NW elementat operator or corporate
• Mobile IPv6 authentication withSIM
• No changes to GPRS
• Future: MIPv6 enhancementsfor faster handovers
• Trial Q3/2002, commercial2H/2003.
BTS GGSN
3G/2G Access Network
HomeAgent
Home NetworkIPv6
IPv6 network
WLAN
AC
APCellular/WLANTerminal
AS
Cellular/WLANTerminal
GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6 Roaming
HLR
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BTS GGSN
3G/2G Access Network
HomeAgent
Home NetworkIPv6
IPv6 network
WLAN
AC
APCellular/WLANTerminal
AS
Cellular/WLANTerminal
GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6 Roaming
HLR
Following components needed for the trial:
- GSM network (connected to the Nokia 2G GPRS system).
- OWLAN system with MIPEM6 modifications in the AC and AS.
- The Home Agent (IPSO operating system on Nokia IP330).
- An IPv6 network for connecting the MIPEM6 network elements to each other.
- Connection to the SS7 network with the HLR/AuC.
- GPRS-WLAN terminal equipment provided by Nokia (laptop with Linux & GPRS-WLAN card).
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Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN
2G/3G/GPRS WLAN
IPv6 network
Home Agent
Authentication server
Cellular/WLANTerminal with MIPv6
CorrespondentNode
Creates PDP context and send MIPv6 BU to HA,indicating its new CoA allocated by the GGSN
The terminal opens a web session with the CN, using its own CoA as the source IPv6 address and the Home Address in the Home Address option. The terminal also sends a BU to the CN.
During WWW session, terminal moves to WLAN and gets access and a new CoA from it.
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Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN
2G/3G/GPRS WLAN
IPv6 network
Home Agent
Authentication server
Cellular /WLANTerminal with MIPv6
CorrespondentNode
Terminal sends a new BU to the CN indicating its new CoA.
Terminal sends a new BU to HA indicating its new CoA
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VPN Example
Home Agent
VPN GW
2G/3G/GPRS WLAN
IPv6 network
File server
Multimode Terminal& Laptop
Create access (PDP context) and send a BU to HA
The user opens a VPN connectionto the VPN GW and also sends a BU to the VPN GW. Thus the VPN GW knows the user's current CoA.
Establish connection.
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VPN Example
Home Agent
VPN GW
2G/3G/GPRS WLAN
IPv6 network
File server
Multimode Terminal& Laptop
TCP open, terminal moves to WLAN. Gets access and sends a BU to HA
Terminal sends BU to the VPN GW, indicating its new CoA
VPN GW sends the packets to the new CoA corresponding to the Home Address
So, how about using the SIM for the VPN key delivery also?
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Summary
• Messaging & end-to-end services are the “killer application” (SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging, E-mail, Presence) requiring billions of IP addresses worldwide.
• There are several methods for transitioning to IPv6, tunneling and dual stack the main ones.
• The use of CIDR, DHCP and NAT has delayed the transition to IPv6.
• Vendors are announcing software based IPv6 in routers, with limited performance, the next step will be IPv6 in hardware.
• Mobile IPv6 for access independency.
• From circuit switched voice towards packet switched data.
• Messaging is important - SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging, Presence, E-mail
• IPv6 will have an important role in the near future mobile terminals.
• Mobile terminals become multi-application devices, but optimized for one use motivation.
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Nokia IPv6 Message
•• Why IPv6 Why IPv6 -- Practically infinite address space and improved support for IP mobility provides a generic platform for implementing the mobile Internet paradigm. IPv6, perceived as the way to go towards nextgeneration Internet, is a major differentiating instrument for Nokia.
•• Transition to IPv6 Transition to IPv6 -- To help operators, Nokia promotes and supports a number of transition mechanisms for a smooth transition to IPv6 during the transition period.
•• IPv6 in Nokia Solutions IPv6 in Nokia Solutions -- Nokia as one of the very first drivers of IPv6 is determined to be the front runner also in IPv6 commercial offering: IPv6 enabled terminals, 2G GPRS, 3G, and All-IP system solutions during 2002-2004.
•• Enhanced Mobility Enhanced Mobility -- Mobile IPv6 is seen as an enabler for implementing an enhanced notion of IP and cellular mobility. A promising use case for Mobile IPv6 is to create service mobility whilst on the move within a multi-access environment. A Mobile IPv6 based roaming solution between WLAN and GPRS access technologies is seen as the first step in this direction.
•• Standardization Standardization -- Nokia is committed to drive IPv6 to standardization bodies (IETF, 3GPP) and is active in many related international Forums (IPv6 Forum).
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Thank You!
http://www.nokia.com/IPv6
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Ipv6 in Standardisation
• 3GPP rel 5 IMS the main target•based on IPv6 and SIP, IETF working on both, motivation is high, schedules tight • Rel 5 based terminals support IPv6 for connection to services provided by IMS• The IPv4/IPv6 interworking principles for IMS is still under study•PDP type IPv6 in rel 99 (GPRS)
•3GPP2 is also considering IPv6
•MIPv6 ready in 2002•missing: authentication, seamless hand over, fast-hand-over, mobility with QoS and header compression
• Significant research work ongoing around IPv6
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Network Example