Post on 26-Dec-2015
Migration
• The mass movement of people from one area to another.
Emigration
• Migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)
Immigration
• Entering and settling in a country or region to which one is not native.
Nativism and xenophobia
• Anti-immigration feelings grow
• Nativism-idea that native-born Americans are better
• Xenophobia-fear of foreigners
Between 1850 and 1914 over forty million people left Europe for a new life in America, making it the biggest movement of people in history. A combination of push and pull factors caused this mass migration. The push factors were those that forced the immigrants to leave their homeland while the pull factors were those that attracted them to the United States.
You now need to decide what the push and pull factors were.
OvercrowdingOvercrowdingin Europein Europe
OvercrowdingOvercrowdingin Europein Europe
OvercrowdingOvercrowdingin Europein Europe
Plenty of foodPlenty of foodin USAin USA
Plenty of foodPlenty of foodin USAin USA
Plenty of foodPlenty of foodin USAin USA
Persecution ofPersecution ofRussian JewsRussian Jews
Persecution ofPersecution ofRussian JewsRussian Jews
Persecution ofPersecution ofRussian JewsRussian Jews
PovertyPovertyin Europein Europe
PovertyPovertyin Europein Europe
PovertyPovertyin Europein Europe
The US BillThe US Billof Rightsof Rights
The US BillThe US Billof Rightsof Rights
The US BillThe US Billof Rightsof Rights
Higher pay forHigher pay forUS workerUS worker
Higher pay forHigher pay forUS workersUS workers
Higher pay forHigher pay forUS workersUS workers
EuropeanEuropeanclass systemclass system
EuropeanEuropeanclass systemclass system
EuropeanEuropeanclass systemclass system
ReligiousReligiousfreedom in USfreedom in US
ReligiousReligiousfreedom in USfreedom in US
ReligiousReligiousfreedom in USfreedom in US
The Great Melting pot
• Melting pot: theory that US is a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blend together to become American.
• Truth-many do not give up their customs
• Might be more like a salad bowl
RELIGION
BIRTHPLACE
REASONS
DESTINATION
OCCUPATION
RELIGION
BIRTHPLACE
REASONS
DESTINATION
OCCUPATION
Protestant Catholic and Jewish
North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe
Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution
Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest Northeast
Became farmers Unskilled workers
Protestant Catholic and Jewish
North/Western Southern/Eastern Europe Europe
Both escaping poverty, religious and political persecution
Moved to farms Moved to cities in the in the Midwest Northeast
Became farmers Unskilled workers Old vs New Immigrants
Cartoon: Immigration•Old Immigrants resented the New Immigrants.
•New Immigrants came to this country for the same reasons as the Old Immigrants.
•Resentment and discrimination
against the Chinese.
•Chinese look different (physical
features, hair, dress etc…
•First law to restrict
immigration.
•Taking away jobs from Nativists
(sound familiar?)
Chinese Exclusion Act 1
•President Hayes vetoed this act and Congress
would override it.
•He would not be re-elected.
•Chinese immigration would be outlawed until
the 1920’s.
Ellis IslandEllis Island was built in 1892 as the
1st “Immigration
Center”
Later, closed in the 1940s
Today it is a museum.
•The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe.
•Immigrants took physical examinations and were held at Ellis Island before they were released to the US mainland.
Immigrants also came in through the West Coast at a place called Angel Island
In the late 1800s, Chinese immigrants had many reasons to leave for the United States
1) The Gold Rush of 18482) Construction of the Central Pacific Railroad3) The Taiping Rebellion
Two Different Worlds 1
The wealthy lived extravagant lifestylesextravagant lifestyles and considered themselves elitists.
The common people resented their snobbish attitudes and wealth.
1861---------3 millionaires----------1900--------3,800 1900, 90% of wealth, controlled by 10% of population.
Cities grew rapidlyCities grew rapidly
near raw materialsindustrial areas
transportation routes. Opportunities in the job market.
Terrible ConditionsTerrible ConditionsPoor sanitary and living conditions
Tenement apartmentsSweathouses
Immigrants Settle in Cities Industrialization leads to urbanizationurbanization, or growth of
cities
Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs
AmericanizationAmericanization—assimilate people into main culture
Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills
English, American history, cooking, etiquette
Ethnic communities provide social support
Migration from Country to CityFarm technology decreases need for laborers; people
move to citiesMany African Americans in South lose their
livelihood
1890–1910, move to cities in North, West to escape racial violence
Find segregation, discrimination in North too
Competition for jobs between blacks, white immigrants causes tension
Water 1860s cities have inadequate or no piped water,
indoor plumbing rare Filtration introduced 1870s, chlorination in 1908
Sanitation Streets: manure, open gutters, factory smoke, poor
trash collection Contractors hired to sweep streets, collect garbage,
clean outhouses-------often do not do job properly By 1900, cities develop sewer lines, create sanitation
departments
Crime As population grows, thieves flourish
Early police forces too small to be effective Fire Fire hazards: limited water, wood houses, candles,
kerosene heaters Most firefighters volunteers, not always available 1900, most cities have full-time, professional fire
departments Fire sprinklers, non-flammable building materials make
cities safer
Job opportunities for Women•School teaching
•Domestic service
•Women doctors
•Lawyers, typists, telephone girls, librarians, journalists and social workers.
•Women gainfully employed rose from 2.5 million in 1880 to 8 million in 1910.
Job opportunities for Women•School teaching
•Domestic service
•Women doctors
•Lawyers, typists, telephone girls, librarians, journalists and social workers.
•Women gainfully employed rose from 2.5 million in 1880 to 8 million in 1910.
Cities had many facesCities had many faces•Slums
•Criminals
•Beggars
•Pollution
•bad smells
•grafters (corrupt politicians)
Cities had many facesCities had many faces•Slums
•Criminals
•Beggars
•Pollution
•bad smells
•grafters (corrupt politicians)
•Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S.
•Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities
•Meatpacking
•Steel mills
•Cattle industry
•Multi-cultural community
•Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S.
•Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities
•Meatpacking
•Steel mills
•Cattle industry
•Multi-cultural community
•Many American nativists disliked new immigrants
because they would not
assimilate into American society.
•Would stay segregated in their
ethnic neighborhoods.
•It’s why we have Chinatowns,
Japantown, North Beach, the
Mission (which started for the
Irish), etc.