MIGRATION OF ANIMALS

PRESENTED BY

• Srijani Dey(12100311055)• Rajib Bhowmik(12100311045)• Sounak Chatterjee(12100311053)• Sayan

Basuchowdhury(12100311047)

Animal Migration

What is it that makes animal migration such a magnificent spectacle for the eye and the mind?

Is it the sheer abundance of wildlife in motion?

The answer is all of the above.

But there’s another reason why the long-distance journeys of

wild beasts and so many other species inspire our awe.

It is the “undistractibility” of migrating animals.

Migration

• Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis.

• It is found in all major animal groups.

• It can be also defined as :- • A movement leading to the redistribution of individuals

within a population.

Reasons for migration

• Resources on Earth fluctuate. Plants – or other meals – may be abundant, but only for a short time.

• Warm summer months may be followed by inhospitable cold.

• The best place to give birth or hatch young may not be a

good place to find food.

Types of migration

• Migration can be either obligate or facultative

• Complete and partial migration

• Irregular or non-cyclical migration

• Multiple generation migration

Bird Of the Sun :The Arctic Tern

Makes the longest migration ever recorded on earth.

• Flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year.

• The annual round trip of this small seabird is approximately 71000 kilometers.

• Thus in its whole lifetime, it makes a journey equivalent to 3 return journeys to the Moon!

Siberian Cranes

• Makes the longest migration among the cranes.

• Travels nearly half of the globe to the Keoladeo National park in India to spend the winter months.

• Their migration route stretches for 4000 miles.

Monarch butterfly : Born To Move

• Known for its extraordinary long migrations.

• The longest recorded flight for a tagged adult is 2,900 km

• Their annual migration takes four generations to complete.

Massive Migration

The Mali Elephant takes on the longest elephant migration on earth.

Sea Turtle Migration

• The leatherback turtle is the record holder, traveling an astounding 10,000 miles.

• Crosses the entire Pacific Ocean from Asia to the West Coast of US .

• Green sea turtles migrate 2000 miles to reach their spawning grounds.

• Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched.

Hilsha : Bengali delicacy

• During the monsoon and consequent flooding of all the rivers, Hilsa shad starts its spawning migration upstream.

• Hilsha migrates at least 1,200 km up in some river system in Indian sub-continent. Distances of 50-100 km are more typical in Bangladesh.

• A mature Hilsa shad lays 0.1-2.0 million eggs in fresh water.

• Hatching takes place in about 23 to 26 hours at an average temperature of 23 C.

Caribou : The Reindeer

• The animals may move in smaller groups (not more than 50) on the mainland of Canada.

• They travel 1,200 km (746 mi) in a season.

• Those living on Victoria Island during the summer, migrate to the mainland in the fall after the sea ice has formed.

Polar Bears: The iconic symbol of Svalbard

Largest predator found on land.

• The polar bears of Hudson Bay, Canada, arrive on land early in the summer and leave later in the autumn.

• Each October, the Canadian town of Churchill in Manitoba plays host to a thousand hungry polar bears.

Migrating Wildebeest

• The blue wildebeest migrates annually from Kenya to northern South Africa.

• About 250000 wildebeests die each year when they cross the Grameti River.

• They become the chief source of food for Nile crocodiles.

• The crocodiles feed only once a year, when blue wildebeests arrive during their annual migration.

Emperor Penguin : The largest migratory penguin species

• Emperor Penguin follows a long migration path to Antarctica away from their home by the edge of the sea.

• They do so because during the fall Emperor Penguins mate and the female lays an egg.

• They migrate inland away from water as the egg hatches. • So that there is more ice under the newborn penguin's feet and

much less chance of it falling through into the ocean.

Migration in celluloid

• Ice Age 2 • The Land Before Time

• March of the Penguins

• Winged migration

• Great Migrations

• Oceans

RenownedMigratory places in West

Bengal• Indian botanic garden,Howrah.• Santragachi Jheel,Howrah.• Nalban fishery complex• Chintamani Kar Bisrd Sanctuary,Narendrapur• IIM Joka area• Purbasthali• Boshipota

Perilous Journeys

• The caribou of arctic regions are hunted by Inuit who

intercept herds along seasonal migration routes.

• Skyscrapers and radio towers have caused the deaths of

hundreds of thousands of migrating birds.

• Dam construction in certain areas has made it impossible for fish to swim upstream to spawning areas.

Lets allow Them to Continue their Journey a little Longer..

References

• arctictern.info• seeturtles.org• en.wikipedia.org• migration.wordpress.com• bbc.co.uk• photography.nationalgeogra

phic.com• animals.nationalgeographic.

co.in• webecoist.momtastic.com

• Bird Migration: A General Survey, P. Berthold

• infoplease.com• The Evolutionary Ecology of

Animal Migration ,R. R. Baher

• Migration: The Biology of Life on the Move, H. Dingle

• Animal Migration, D. J. Aidley

• nature.com

Acknowledgements

We owe our deepest gratitude to Prof. Daliya Mazumdar , Humanities Department, Bengal Institute of Technology, for her able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the presentation , in time .We would also like to thank our parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their advices and wishes for the successful completion of the presentation.

THANK YOU