Migration and Refugees

CULT-320-002 (Fall 2017)Group Members: Lois Matteis, Linxuan Gao Seung Chan Lee, Elias Aguilar

Our Group Topic

● How does the reading relate to what we have

been learning about colonialism?

● How does capitalism play a role in migration

patterns within the country of China?

Our Research Map...

● Definition of “Migration” and “Refugees”

● Migration in United States

● Unaccompanied Minors Migration

● Refugee Crisis

An immigrant is someone who chooses to resettle to another country.

A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home country.

The Origin of Refugee

● The concept of “asylum” comes from Greek

● In the 4th century, asylum shifted from religious rights to the political rights of the the Roman Empire

● The first case of deportation and asylum in the modern sense --- Protestants in France at risk of religious persecution in 1685

Refugees In Two World Wars

● Population displacement

● The first large-scale “forced”

migration occurred before and

after World War I

● The World War II intensified

forced population transfer

After World War II...

● In 1943, the Allies set up the Joint National Relief and Aid Agency

● In 1946, this body was reorganized into an international refugee organization.

● In December 1950, the United Nations established the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees.

● In July 1951, the United Nations ratified the Refugees Convention

Causation for urban-rural Migration

´Rural migration

´Geographical advantage

´Mountains and Lakes

´Urban migration

´Opportunities

´Educations

´Careers

Urban to Rural Migration

´Urbanization of the rural area

´Disproportionate age

´Gentrification

´Rising economic prominence

´Development of the rural region

Rural to Urban migration

´Graying rural population

´Oregon, Fossil village

´Uneven and skewed distribution of age

´

Migration from disaster

´Brain drain

´Cuba after hurricane

´Displacement

´How is it different from the Tsunami in Sri Lanka?

´

Racial difference in migration

´Black population migration

´Reasons?

´White population migration

´Reasons?

´Is there still on-going racism in the market?

´

High skilled Brain Drain

´High skill brain drain

´Enforcement of Non-compete agreements

´Patent holder’s migrations

2014: Unaccompanied Alien Children Humanitarian Crisis

La Carnadahttps://vimeo.com/106839392

Cities with the highest homicide rates

UAC vs URM

There are two types of unaccompanied orphans: Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) and Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC). Even though both URM and UAC are escaping similar situations, one group enjoys protection as a legal resident, while the other is treated as an undocumented alien. (Jeon i)

Unaccompanied Alien Child (UAC) is a legal term referring to a child who: has no lawful immigration status in the United States; has not attained 18 years of age; and has no parent or legal guardian in the United States, or for whom no parent or legal guardian in the United States is available to provide care and physical custody.

Unaccompanied Refugee Minor (URM) is “a child who is under the age of 18, and who entered the United States unaccompanied by and not destined to (a) a parent or (b) a close nonparental adult relative who is willing and able to care for the child or (c) an adult with a clear and court verifiable claim to custody of the minor; and who has no parent(s) in the United States. The URM is considered legally present in the U.S. under its Immigration and Nationality Act

UAC Court Process

2012 the Vera Institute of Justice reported that some 40 percent of UAC were eligible to qualify for a legal status that would save them from deportation. However because the court proceedings are ultimately civil matters there is no guaranteed right to counsel.

Reno v. Flores- v. Flores The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that INS was not legally required to provide special treatment for minors held in custody or to house illegal alien children in separate shelters. Also that the INS detention program for illegal aliens conforms with due process.

Refugees/Asylum/Displaced Migrants: Military Industrial Complex Role

● Most refugees are coming from the Middle East (Mainly Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Libya).

● The United States has dropped 26,000 bombs on Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and Pakistan in 2016 (a daily average of 72)

● The USA has spent $4.8 trillion on the wars in the Middle East

● War budget under Trup administration is going to increase the military spending budget by $96.5 billion.

65 MillionNumber of refugees, asylum seekers, and displaced people within the world

“Negative Refugee” Media...

“Pro-refugee” Media...

United States’ Attitudeon Immigration...

Factors of Influence

● Media plays a major role in how refugees are viewed in the public’s eye

● Attitude depends on: history of migration patterns, economic development within the area, and the strength of labor demand.

● Political views have enabled polarized views on refugees: “genuine” and “bogus” refugees

● Current events (example: 9/11)

GlobalizationThe combination of media and the military industrial complex has created a very negative or patronizing view of refugees overall.

Most solutions to the problem does not address the source. The solutions are Western reactions to the problem.

Capitalism and Colonialism have played a role in destabilizing these countries while also creating major displacement affecting the entire world.

Foreign Policy Change

Fix the problem at the source and we will no longer need to create reactionary solutions.