Midterm Review Guide

Unit I – Westward Expansion and Progressives

• 1. How did the Industrial Revolution impact Farmers in the 19th Century?

• Farmers were able to produce and collect crops more efficiently – this led to a surplus of crops. Eventually government had to regulate cost of crops.

• 2. How did industrialization in the 19th century impact businesses?• Businesses were able to produce more, and as a result, lower the costs

of their products. As businesses grew, the big got bigger, resulting in the smaller businesses not to be able to complete – big businesses drove small businesses into bankruptcy

• 3. What is the suffrage movement? What amendment gave women the right to vote? When was it finally passed?

• Women fight for the right to vote. 19th Amendment. 1920

• 4. What is the 17th Amendment? Why was it created?• Direct election of senators by popular vote. Gave each state two

senators. Prevented the corruption of political machines controlling who was running for office.

• 5. What were two goals of the Progressives?• Improve working conditions, improve living conditions in the cities,

helping immigrants – especially women and children – learn English, receive and education, get childcare. Wanted equality and to narrow the gap between rich and poor.

• 6. How did the government attempt to regulate Big Businesses at the turn of the 20th century? What did the government try to prevent? Why?

• Government passed a series of reforms limiting the power of big business. Wanted to set minimum wage laws and child labor laws. Tried to prevent the formation of trusts and monopolies – so that small businesses could compete

• 7. What were Jim Crow laws? African Americans fighting for equality formed the NAACP. What was the NAACP?

• Segregation laws in the south – Plessy V. Ferguson = separate but equal. National Advancement for the Association of Colored People – advocated the right for African American equality throughout the nation

• • 8. Explain the discrimination that Native Americans faced. Why

were they a target of settlers?• The US Settlers and government believed in a policy of assimilation

– wanted Native Americans to speak English, dress like the “white man,” convert to Christianity. Settlers believed that the Native Americans were inferior and uncivilized.

Unit II – Imperialism and WWI• 1. Explain the five main causes of US Imperialism• 1. Manifest Destiny – the God given right to expand 2. The Monroe

Doctrine – no European powers in the Western Hemisphere 3. Military – need for military bases 4. Economic – want natural resources 5. Social – civilize other “backwards” nations

• 2. What were the four main causes that dragged the US into WWI?• 1. Sinking of the Lusitania 2. Zimmerman note 3. Supplies to the Allies

4. Sinking of the Illinois

• 3. What is a conscientious objector? How were they viewed in American society?

• An individual who was against combative service because of religious beliefs. Americans viewed them as anti-American for not volunteering to fight in the war.

• 4. What was the League of Nations? Explain the two reasons why it was unsuccessful in its purpose.

• Proposed by Wilson in his 14 Points – purpose of the League of Nations was to prevent another European conflict, or world war. Two reasons it failed – the US didn’t join, the League of Nations did not have a military force

Unit III – the 1920’s• 1. What was the Harlem Renaissance? Was it a political, economic, or social

change?• The cultural and artistic spread of African American art and music. Goal was to

help African Americans gain equality. Social change

• 2. What was the Great Migration? Was it a political, economic, or social change?• Movement of African Americans from the South to the North to escape

racism/discrimination, and find a higher paying job in the North. Social change

• 3. What does it mean to buy on credit or pay in installments? How will this contribute to the causes of the Great Depression?

• Americans in the 1920’s started using credit cards and paying in installments – this meant that Americans were spending money that they didn’t have. This will be a cause of the Great Depression because people will lose their life savings and not be able to pay off the items they bought on credit or installments, therefore defaulting and having to give those items back (cars, houses, etc)

Governments =

• 1. What is a Democracy? Where does the government get its power?

• People are guaranteed 5 basic freedoms, government gets its power from the people

• 2. What is communism?• Government controls all aspects of people’s

lives

Economic Systems =

• 1. What is a command economy?• Government controls what is produced, how much is

produced, and what the cost of the good will be• 2. What is a market economy?• Individual businesses and owners control the economy –

businesses determine what to make, how much to make, and the cost of the good

• 3. What is a mixed economy?• Government controls the major means of production, while

smaller businesses can still remain to make consumer goods.

Unit 4 Common Assessment

Review Guide

• 1. What are 5 main causes of the Great Depression? Explain each cause.

• 1. Stock Speculation - predicting when to buy and sell stock 2. Buying on Margin – borrowing money to invest, agreeing to return the money plus interest 3. Drought – over production led to soil erosion + 10 year drought, farmers could not grow crops, people move west (Oakies), farmers are living in poverty

• 4. Failure of banks – rush on banks, once banks run out of money, people lost their life savings. FDR declared a Banking Holiday to stabilize the banks 5. Foreign Policy – high tariffs on imported goods – Hoover wanted Americans to buy American made goods. Problem = Europe stopped buying American made goods in return. People in America don’t have money to buy, Europe is not buying US products, so the foreign policy of high tariffs made the economy worse.

• 2. How did the role of the Federal Reserve System change during the Great

Depression?• - The Federal Reserve made it more difficult to get loans. People could not get credit

from the Federal Reserve – if people can’t get credit, can’t pay bills, items are foreclosed.

• 3. What is buying on margin?• - Taking a loan from a bank to buy more stocks in the stock market – problem – invest

money they don’t have, stocks crash, lose money, can’t pay banks, banks can’t pay investors.

• 4. What is stock speculation?• - Predicting when stocks will rise and fall. Speculators will tell brokers whether they

should sell or buy certain stocks. This led to over speculation which was a cause of the Great Depression.

• 5. What was the purpose of FDR’s New Deal?• - A series of legislation that provided relief, recovery, or reforms = purpose was to put

people back to work and give relief • 6. What is court packing? Why did FDR want to “pack the courts?”• FDR wanted to add an additional 6 judges to the supreme court – why? He wanted his New

Deal legislation to pass through the Supreme Court – if he “packed” the courts, his legislation would be put into action.

• 7. Who supported FDR’s New Deal? Why?• -Labor – FDR created the NRA/NIRA to protect workers, unemployed men – created several

new agencies that provided jobs for men, small business – FDR regulated Big Business, preventing smaller businesses from going out of business, Women – gained some government positions, African Americans – gained some equally under FDR. Liberals supported FDR

• - Big business did not support FDR. Conservatives did not support FDR

• 8. What was the purpose of the NRA/NIRA?• -National Industrial Recovery Act – set strict guidelines for businesses to

follow – quality standards, production levels, max work hours, minimum wage, collectively bargain.

• Helped workers, small businesses hated

• 9. What are the lasting impacts of the New Deal?• - To protect the overall well-being of the people of the United States – done

through reforms such as the Social Security Act, the Stocks and Exchange Commission

• 10. What was the Black Cabinet?• - Group of 50 African Americans that FDR appointed to government

positions. Fought for the rights and equality of African Americans

• 11. How did Eleanor Roosevelt help women and African Americans throughout the 1930’s?

• -Promoted jobs for women, held press conferences with women, advocated for af. Amer rights – kept FDR informed of national news/problems

• 12. How did the policies of Hoover compare to the policies of FDR?• - Hoover believed that the economy would fix itself – later in his

presidency Hoover relied on local and state governments to provide relief.

• - FDR – created government programs that provided relief, reform, and recovery – used Federal money to help stabilize the government. More active then Hoover in terms of providing relief programs – The New Deal

• Industrial Revolution on Farmers• Industrial Revolution on Businesses• Suffrage Movement• 17th Amendment• 19th Amendment• Progressives• Regulation of Big Business• Jim Crow Laws• NAACP• Plessy V Ferguson

• Discrimination towards Native Americans• 5 causes of imperialism• Causes of WWI• Conscientious Objector• League of Nations• Harlem Renaissance• Great Migration• Buying on Installments

• Democracy• Communism• Command Economy• Mixed Economy• Market Economy• 5 causes of Great Depression• FED• Buying on Margin• Stock Speculation• New Deal• Court Packing

• Eleanor Roosevelt• Hoover• Black Cabinet