Mid Term ReviewMid Term ReviewOct 25, 2004Oct 25, 2004

Shao-Meng LiShao-Meng Li

ARQPARQP

Development of the AMSDevelopment of the AMS• Development of a DMA calibration systemDevelopment of a DMA calibration system• Field study deploymentField study deployment• Development of AMS IDEA softwareDevelopment of AMS IDEA software• Attendance at the 5Attendance at the 5thth AMS User Meeting AMS User Meeting• PublicationsPublications

Development of a DMA Development of a DMA calibration systemcalibration system

• Development of a DMA calibration system

– Prototype completed– Deployment in laboratory and in field– Laminar flow element problems– Packaging issues

Development of the AMS IDEA Development of the AMS IDEA softwaresoftware

• First phase – Mass calculation completed– Capability to keep track of all variations in calculation

conditions, fragmentation tables– Plotting capabilities for single and multiple

graphs/plots– Data exporting to Excel and others

• Second phase– Implementation of ToF data conversion– Optimization of data conversion schemes

Field Study DeploymentField Study Deployment

• SOLAS Pacific Ocean, Jul – Aug 02• Egbert Training, Sep – Nov 02• Egbert Nitrogen Study, Mar – Apr 03• Lab Study, May – Jun 03• Toronto Urban Study, Jul – Aug 03• SOLAS Atlantic Ocean, Oct – Nov 03• Lab Study, Nov – Dec 03• Preparation for ICARTT, Jan – Jun 04• ICARTT, Jun – Aug 04• LFV Chicken Study, Sep 04 – present• Lab Study, Nov 04 – Jan 05• LFV Chicken Study, Feb 05• Whistler, Mar – Apr 05• Prairie 2005, Apr – Aug 05

AMS reconfiguration for aircraft AMS reconfiguration for aircraft deploymentdeployment

• AMS deployment on aircraft– Installation– Deployment during ICARTT– Recalibration of AMS at different inlet

pressure and temperature

AMS Laboratory StudiesAMS Laboratory Studies

• AMS reconfiguration

• Laboratory chamber studies on heterogeneous uptake of gases include:– Organic nitrates– carbonyls, alcohols, acids– others

PublicationsPublications

• Liggio et al.: On carbonyl polymerization on aerosols, ES&T (accepted)

• Liggio et al: Reactive uptake of organics on aerosols, JGR (in press)

• Others….

Significance of Significance of agricultural NH3 agricultural NH3

sourcessources

Significance of Significance of agricultural NH3 agricultural NH3

sourcessources

•Ambient NH3 changes in response to chicken cullsAmbient NH3 changes in response to chicken culls

•Ambient PM change in response to NH3 changesAmbient PM change in response to NH3 changes

•Emission factors and inventories from poultry Emission factors and inventories from poultry industryindustry

Chicken Cull Area, May 04

Passive NH3 sampler network

Spatial NH3 Concentrations

Temporal NH3 Concentrations

NH3:PPMat Abbotsford Airport (agricultural)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

2004

-01-

01 0

0

2004

-01-

07 0

8

2004

-01-

13 1

6

2004

-01-

20 0

0

2004

-01-

26 0

8

2004

-02-

01 1

6

2004

-02-

08 0

0

2004

-02-

14 0

8

2004

-02-

20 1

6

2004

-02-

27 0

0

2004

-03-

04 0

8

2004

-03-

10 1

6

2004

-03-

17 0

0

2004

-03-

23 0

8

2004

-03-

29 1

6

2004

-04-

05 0

0

2004

-04-

11 0

8

2004

-04-

17 1

6

2004

-04-

24 0

0

2004

-04-

30 0

8

2004

-05-

06 1

6

2004

-05-

13 0

0

2004

-05-

19 0

8

2004

-05-

25 1

6

2004

-06-

01 0

0

2004

-06-

07 0

8

2004

-06-

13 1

6

2004

-06-

20 0

0

2004

-06-

26 0

8

2004

-07-

02 1

6

2004

-07-

09 0

0

2004

-07-

15 0

8

2004

-07-

21 1

6

2004

-07-

28 0

0

2004

-08-

03 0

8

2004

-08-

09 1

6

2004

-08-

16 0

0

2004

-08-

22 0

8

2004

-08-

28 1

6

Date

Con

c N

H3

ppm

T034:NH3:PPM

Studies on NH3 emissions from poultry farms

Barn study preliminary results

Farm 3 - NH3

y = -2846.1Ln(x) + 7672R2 = 0.951

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Fan 1 Fan 2 Fan 3 Fan 4 Fan 5 Fan 6 Fan 7 Intake

Fan

NH

3 (p

pb

)

Deployment of AMS and MOUDI during the “chicken” study

• Two AMS’ were deployed sequentially at the Abbotsford Airport GVRD site (Aug – Sep and Sep Nov, 2004

• First data from early Aug indicate very low ammonium/nitrate/sulfate

• AMS measurements and data collection continues unattended until early Nov 04

• MOUDI sampling on a 12 hour basis in Oct – Nov

Pacific 2001 data analysis and interpretation

The Pacific 2001 Team

First Special Issue

• 14 papers in the 1st special issue• Papers appeared on web site, printed version

expected in Nov 04

• 3 papers in other journals

Second Special Issue

• Papers submitted• Wang, Aklilu, Leithead, Cheng

• Papers in preparation• Anlauf, Norman, McLaren, Sukloff

• Need/want to have more papers from other PIs• Huang, Brook, Lu, others?

• Summary paper• Vingarzan

Forest Fire Impact during Pacific 2001 (Leithead et al.)

• Forest fire tracers detected• Levoglucosan, DHAA

• Levoglucosan • 14.4, 26.0, and 14.7 ng m-3 for SP,

LEL, SER• OC contributions

• 5-10%, 12-27% and 5–12% for SP, LEL, and SER

Forest fires

Levo, DHAA, OC conc.

(a) Levoglucosan

n

g m

-3

0

20

40

60

80

100

(b) DHAA

Co

nc

en

tra

tio

ns

n

g m

-3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

LELSPSER

(c) OC

Sampling Date

Au

g 1

5-N

Au

g 1

6-D

Au

g 1

6-N

Au

g 1

7-D

Au

g 1

7-N

Au

g1

8-D

Au

g1

8-N

Au

g 1

9-D

Au

g 1

9-N

Au

g 2

0-D

Au

g 2

0-N

Au

g 2

1-D

Au

g 2

1-N

Au

g 2

2-D

Au

g 2

2-N

Au

g 2

3-D

Au

g 2

3-N

Au

g 2

4-D

Au

g 2

4-N

Au

g 2

5-D

Au

g 2

5-N

Au

g 2

6-D

Au

g 2

6-N

Au

g 2

7-D

Au

g 2

7-N

Au

g 2

8-D

Au

g 2

8-N

Au

g 2

9-D

Au

g 2

9-N

Au

g 3

0-D

Au

g 3

0-N

g m-3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Source Levoglucosan DHAA RATIO LV/DHAA Reference Notes

Emission Studies

Loblolly pine 5.57 3.97 1.40 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels

Western hemlock 4.46 4.33 1.03 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels

Ponderosa pine 4.27 3.50 1.22 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels

Mixed hardwood forest 3.56 0.49 7.25 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels

Wiregrass and longleaf pine 3.98 3.85 1.03 Hays et al, 2002 foliar fuels

red maple 10.9 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2001 hardwood, fireplace combustion

n. red oak 16.8 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2001 hardwood

e. white pine 5.23 0.78 6.70 Fine et al, 2001 softwood

e. hemlock 9.55 0.16 60.6 Fine et al, 2001 softwood

balsam fir 8.14 0.23 35.2 Fine et al, 2001 softwood

yellow poplar 15.6 0.00 0.00 Fine et al, 2002a hardwood, fireplace combustion

Loblolly pine 3.64 1.23 2.95 Fine et al, 2002a softwood

slash pine 4.69 0.66 7.09 Fine et al, 2002a softwood

Field Measurement Results

Rondonia, dry 10.4   

Zdrahal et al, 2002Brazil, rainforest, biomass

burning

Rondonia, wet 0.518     Zdrahal et al, 2002  

Gent, winter3.61  

 Zdrahal et al, 2002

Belgium, urban, residential burning

Gent, summer 0.507     Zdrahal et al, 2002  

KWR 1.81 0.010 177 Nolte et al, 2001 wildlife reserve

Bakersfield 12.3 0.155 79.7 Nolte et al, 2001 urban, residential wood burning

Fresno 14.5 0.385 37.7 Nolte et al, 2001 urban, residential wood burning

Rondonia, Pasture 42.2-8.87     Graham et al, 2002 Brazil, burning biomass burning

Rondonia, Rainforest 2.49-7.23     Graham et al, 2002 Brazil during biomass burning

Amazonia, Brazil 1.33     Graham et al, 2003 Amazon, July

Pacific 2001 Results

SP (urban) 0.020-1.56 0.04-0.833 1.87 This study Urban

SER (mixed) 0.039-2.46 0-0.219 11.2 This study Mixed urban and forest

LEL (rural) 0.069-3.28 0.024-0.535 6.13 This study Rural

Forest fire contribution to OC

(b) SP Site

0

20

40

60

80

(a) LEL Site

Pe

rc

en

ta

ge

C

on

trib

utio

n (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

Upper Limit - LevoglucosanLower Limit - LevoglucosanDHAA

(c) SER Site

Sampling Date

Au

g 1

5-N

Au

g 1

6-D

Au

g 1

6-N

Au

g 1

7-D

Au

g 1

7-N

Au

g1

8-D

Au

g1

8-N

Au

g 1

9-D

Au

g 1

9-N

Au

g 2

0-D

Au

g 2

0-N

Au

g 2

1-D

Au

g 2

1-N

Au

g 2

2-D

Au

g 2

2-N

Au

g 2

3-D

Au

g 2

3-N

Au

g 2

4-D

Au

g 2

4-N

Au

g 2

5-D

Au

g 2

5-N

Au

g 2

6-D

Au

g 2

6-N

Au

g 2

7-D

Au

g 2

7-N

Au

g 2

8-D

Au

g 2

8-N

Au

g 2

9-D

Au

g 2

9-N

Au

g 3

0-D

Au

g 3

0-N0

20

40

60

80

N-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones on PM2.5 (Cheng et al.)

• Biogenic impacts on the OC compositions at all 5 sites

• Day-night differences in CPI, stronger biogenic activities at night

Conc, CPI, and Cmax of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones

n-alkanes n-alkan-2-ones2-C18i

Total conc. CPI Cmax Total conc. CPI Cmax conc.

Min–Max(AvgStd)

Min–Max(AvgStd)

Min–Max(AvgStd)

Min–Max(AvgStd)

Min–Max(AvgStd)

GEP (forest) 2.0–16.4(10.64.7)

1.92–3.15(2.390.47)

C23, C25 , C27 1.1–7.2(2.91.9)

0.95–2.38(1.140.48)

C17, C27 0.8–23.9(7.67.1)

CT (tunnel) 45.5–111.6(83.924.6)

0.98–1.32(1.150.11)

mainly C25 1.8–12.6(6.33.4)

1.13–1.71(1.330.19)

C17, C19 1.0–4.7(2.41.2)

Dry Period I (1520 August)  

SP (urban park) 3.3–30.8(14.810.3)

1.17–2.38(1.740.52)

C25, C27 or

C29

0.2–4.2(2.01.2)

1.08–1.80(1.340.20)

Mainly C16, C17 <DL–8.6(3.62.6)

LEL (rural) 4.2–13.6(9.23.4)

1.27–2.20(1.670.28)

C23 or C25,

C27, C29

0.5–3.4(1.61.0)

0.82–1.31(1.100.17)

Mainly C15, C17 0.9–6.7(4.02.1)

SER (mixing of forest /urban)

4.5–43.1(13.912.5)

1.10–2.67(1.700.43)

mainly C25, C27

0.4–5.7(2.51.8)

0.80–1.60(1.250.22)

Mainly C15, C17 1.3–12.2(5.13.6)

Dry Period II (2430August)

SP (urban park) 4.4–34.6(14.89.2)

1.14–1.97(1.530.25)

C25, C27 0.6–8.4(3.02.4)

0.65–1.35(0.990.26)

Mainly C16, C17 0.5–12.9(4.53.6)

LEL (rural) 0.6–18.1(7.24.7)

1.43–4.03(2.150.86)

C23 or C25,

C27, C29

0.3–3.9(2.11.0)

0.69–1.30(1.000.18)

Mainly C16, C17 0.5–9.8(5.33.4)

SER (mixing of forest /urban)

1.7–16.9(6.74.9)

1.05–4.69(2.241.07)

mainly C25, C27

0.7–5.3(1.81.4)

1.09–1.65(1.330.17)

Mainly C17, C19 0.6–10.7(3.52.8)

CPI of N-alkanes (C14 to C33)

Day(Avg±Std)

Sample number

Night(Avg±Std)

Samplenumber

GEP (forest) 2.20±0.31 4 2.54±0.56 5

CT (tunnel) 1.16±0.08 5 1.08±0.09 2

SP (urban park) I 2.21±0.27 3 1.55±0.65 3

SP (urban park) II 1.62±0.12 6 1.47±0.33 7

LEL (rural) I 1.90±0.20 4 1.48±0.16 5

LEL (rural) II 2.04±0.40 7 2.25±1.18 7

SER (mixing of forest /urban)

1.39±0.21 5 1.96±0.40 6

SER (mixing of forest /urban)

1.39±0.34 6 3.11±1.14 6

Temporal variations

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

6-N

7-N

8-N

9-N

10-N

11-N

12-N

13-N

14-N

15-N

16-N

17-N

18-N

19-N

20-N

21-N

22-N

23-N

24-N

25-N

26-N

27-N

28-N

29-N

30-N

31-N

August 2001

To

tal

n-a

lkan

es (

ng

m3 ) GEP

CTSPLELSER

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

6-N

7-N

8-N

9-N

10

-N

11

-N

12

-N

13

-N

14

-N

15

-N

16

-N

17

-N

18

-N

19

-N

20

-N

21

-N

22

-N

23

-N

24

-N

25

-N

26

-N

27

-N

28

-N

29

-N

30

-N

August 2001

To

ta

l n

-a

lka

n-2

-o

ne

s (

ng

m-3 ) GEP

CTSPLELSER

Sources for alkanes and ketones

• N-AlkanesPrimary emissions:

Vehicular (CT), Plants (GEP), mixture (other sites)

• N-AlkanonesShorter chain ketones: secondaryLonger chain ketones: primaryBranched ketones: biogenic

Chemical size distribution (Anlauf et al.)

• Coarse nitrate: titration of sea salt chloride by HNO3, both day and night

• Accumulation mode nitrate: production at night through N2O5, HNO3+NH3

• Fine mode sulfate: evidence of primary emissions

Pacific 2001 Data Centre (Sukloff et al.)

• Existing Data• 71% of expected data sets

• Continuous submission of data